第四章
Chapter Four
At-Ta'aadul and At-Tarjeeh
At-Ta’aadul and At-Tarjeeh
在本章中:
In this chapter:
1 – at-Ta'aadul(等同/对等):其含义、两个Qat'iy(确定性证据)之间的Ta'aadul、两个Zhanniy(或然性证据)之间的Ta'aadul,以及Qat'iy与Zhanniy之间的Ta'aadul。
1 – At-Ta’aadul (equivalence): Its meaning, Ta’aadul (equivalence) of the two Qat’iys, Ta’aadul (equivalence) of the two Zhanniys and Ta’aadul (equivalence) of the Qat’iy and the Zhanniy.
2 – 归纳取舍(At-Tarjeeh):其含义、使用它的裁决(Hukm)以及相应的证据(Daleel)。
2 – At-Tarjeeh (outweighing): Its meaning, the Hukm of using it and the Daleel for that.
3 – 兼顾两方面的证据,即便只是从某一方面或角度着眼,也比舍弃其中任何一方更为妥当(أَوْلَى)。
3 – Working with both evidences, and even if from one aspect or angle, is more appropriate (Awlaa) than neglecting one of them.
4 - 两段经文或圣训之间存在矛盾,其中一段晚于另一段,以及不存在此种情况的情形。
4 - Conflict between two texts where one is later that the other and when it is not.
5 – 压倒类比(Al-Aqyisah,即 Qiyaas 的复数形式)。
5 – Outweighing the analogies (Al-Aqyisah pl. of Qiyaas).
6 – 在单一文本内对“词句所示之义”(الدلالات)进行的 At-Tarjeeh(权衡取舍)
6 – At-Tarjeeh (outweighing) between the Dalaalaat of the Lafzh (indications of the expressed wordings) within a single text.