《明文》与《隐含义》
Al-mantooq And Al-mafhoom
关于“الألفاظ”（语词）在明晰程度方面的情况，连同我们在上一节讨论过的“دلالات الألفاظ”（语词的指示），都归属于“المنطوق与المفهوم”（明示义与隐含义）这一标题之下。
The Alfaazh (worded expressions) in relation to their clarity in addition to the Dalaalaat Al-Alfaazh (indications of the wordings), that we have discussed in the previous discussion, all fall under the heading of ‘Al-Mantooq and Al-Mafhoom’.
1 – 明确表达的内容（Al-Mantooq）
1 – Al-Mantooq:
它的定义是：从词语的指示（Dalaalah）中、确定地在言辞所在之处（Mahall An-Nutq）被理解的意义。
Its definition is: It is the meaning that is understood from the Dalaalah (indication) of the Lafzh definitely in the place of the expression or utterance (Mahall An-Nutq).
安拉(SWT)说:
Allah (swt) said:
所以不要对他们说一声"呸"（《夜行》23）。
So do not say to them [so much as] "Uff" (Al-Israa’ 23).
该经文的"曼杜克"（明示之义）表明禁止对双亲表示厌恶与轻慢（"التأفيف"）。因此，"曼杜克"是从词语所明示的内容中理解出的意思，而不偏离词语本身，也不借助由此联想到的必然之义。例如，从前文的经文中可以理解出禁止殴打双亲，但这种理解不被称为该经文的"曼杜克"。
The Mantooq of this Nass (text) indicates the Tahreem (prohibition) of At-Ta’feef (showing displeasure/disdain) towards the two parents. The Mantooq is therefore the meaning that is understood from what is expressed (the Mantooq) of the Lafzh without diverting from it to the necessary meaning that comes to the mind (from it). That is like the prohibition of striking the parents is understood from the previous text however that understanding is not called the Mantooq of the Nass (text).
需要译为“Mantooq”所指的范围是： Note: the input is a heading-like sentence; translating faithfully. Correction for final output: 属于“Mantooq”（明文）范畴的领域包括：
The areas that fall under the category of the Mantooq are:
A – 词语在清晰度方面的分类，例如：Azh-Zhaahir（显义）、An-Nass（明文）、Al-Mufassar（释义明确者）和 Al-Muhkam（明确无歧义者）。
A – The Alfaazh in relation to their clarity like: Azh-Zhaahir, An-Nass, Al-Mufassar and Al-Muhkam.
B – 就清晰度而言的词汇（Alfaazh）：隐晦词（Al-Khafiy）、难解词（Al-Mushkil）、略述词（Al-Mujmal）和隐喻词（Al-Mutashaabih）。
B – The Alfaazh in respect to their lack of clarity like: Al-Khafiy, Al-Mushkil, Al-Mujmal and Al-Mutashaabih.
C – ‘Ibaarat un-Nass“Dalaalat ul-Ibaarah”（表达之义的指示）
C – ‘Ibaarat un-Nass “Dalaalat ul-Ibaarah” (Indication of the expression).
所有这些都是从经文的“Mantooq”即文本的字面措辞直接理解出来的。
All of these are understood from the Mantooq of the Nass i.e. from the Alfaazh of the text directly.
2 – 概念（Al-Mafhoom）
2 – Al-Mafhoom:
其定义是:从词语在非其发声之处或非其表达之处所理解出的含义(Mahall An-Nutq)。因此,Dalaalat ul-Mafhoom(隐含之义的所指)是从词语中必然而然地浮现于心的含义。其所指并非像Mantooq(明言之义)那样依靠词形或位置的明显性,而是取自词语含义的含义,而非直接取自词语本身。这与Dalaalat ul-Mantooq(明言之义的所指)不同,后者是词语本身的含义,而非词语含义的含义。
Its definition is: The meaning that is understood from the Lafzh in other than the place of its utterance or expression (Mahall An-Nutq). As such the Dalaalat ul-Mafhoom is the necessary meaning that comes to the mind from the Lafzh. Its Dalaalah (indication) is therefore not by the explicitness of its form or placing like the Mantooq. Rather, it is taken from the meaning of the meaning of the Lafzh and not from the Lafzh directly. That is unlike the Dalaalat ul-Mantooq (expressed indication) which is the meaning of the Lafzh (itself) and not the meaning of the meaning of the Lafzh.
示例:
Example:
安拉(SWT)说:
Allah (swt) said:
所以不要对他们说一声"呸"（《夜行》23）。
So do not say to them [so much as] "Uff" (Al-Israa’ 23).
上文所解释的这节经文的曼图（明文，Mantooq），表明并指引禁止对父母说"呸"（Uff）。至于这节经文的麦弗忽姆（隐含之义，Mafhoom），则表明并指引禁止殴打、侮辱和伤害父母。这种理解（麦弗忽姆）是由经文的意思自然浮现于心中而得出的，而经文的曼图（即其明示的字句）并不直接表明这一点。因此，禁止"呸"（即经文所用字词的含义）指向了另一层次的（次要或间接的）含义，即禁止对父母施加任何伤害，如殴打、辱骂等。由此可见，麦弗忽姆是理智从曼图所产生的含义中理解出来的内容，即使该含义并未出现在经文的字句之中。所以，"伤害"、"殴打"、"侮辱"这些词语并未出现在经文中，而是通过禁止说"呸"（Ta'teef）所指示出来的。
The Mantooq of this Aayah, as we explained above, indicates and guides to the prohibition of saying ‘Uff’ to the parents. As for the Mafhoom of the Aayah then it indicates and guides to the prohibition (Tahreem) of striking, insulting and harming the parents. This understanding (Mafhoom) is guided to by the meaning that comes to the mind for the Aayah whilst the Mantooq of the ‘Aayah (i.e. its expressed wordings) does not indicate that. Consequently, the prohibition of At-Ta’feef (showing disdain or displeasure) which is the meaning of the Alfaazh indicates and guides to another (secondary or indirect) meaning and that is the Tahreem (prohibition) of bringing any harm to the parents like hitting or insulting etc… Consequently, the Mafhoom is that which the mind understands from the meaning that has resulted from the Mantooq and even if that meaning is not present within the Alfaazh (wordings) of the Nass (text). So the wording ‘harm’ like ‘hitting’ and ‘insulting’ are not present within the text but rather it has been indicated to by the Tahreem (prohibition) of At-Ta’teef (saying Uff).
安拉的使者ﷺ说:
Another example: The Messenger of Allah (saw) said:
如果你们中有人拿了他兄弟的一根手杖（拐杖），那么他必须把它还给对方。
If one of you takes a staff (walking stick) from his brother, then he must return it to him
根据该圣训的明文（Mantooq）可知，穆斯林若拿了兄弟的拐杖，就有义务将其归还给他。
The Mantooq of the Hadeeth indicates that it is obligatory upon the Muslim to return the staff of his brother if he has taken it from him.
这段圣训的含义表明，穆斯林有义务归还他从兄弟那里拿走的任何东西，例如汽车、牲畜、书籍或其他任何物品。
The Mafhoom of the Hadeeth indicates that it is obligatory upon the Muslim to return anything or any item that he has taken from his brother like a car, an animal, book or any thing else.
尽管这些内容并未在圣训的字面（Lafzh）中提及，但其含义仍然从中被指示并被理解。
Even though these things have not been mentioned within the Lafzh of the Hadeeth, their meaning has nevertheless been indicated to and understood from it.