《古兰经》与圣训中的“纳斯赫”(废止)
An-Naskh (abrogation) in the Qur’aan and in the Sunnah
An-Naskh(废止)的含义
The meaning of An-Naskh (abrogation)
“纳斯赫”(An-Naskh)在语言上的含义是:提升/抬起(Ar-Raf'u)和消除(Al-Izaalah)。例如说:“太阳纳斯赫了阴影”(The Sun Nasakhat the shade),以及“风纳斯赫了痕迹”(The wind Nasakhat the trace)。它在语言上也可用来表示类似转录(Naql)的意思,如其说法:“Nasakhtu Al-Kitaab”(即我抄写了它,并将一份上的内容转录到另一份上)。按照伊斯兰教法术语的约定(Al Istilaah),“纳斯赫”指的是:以一条后出的经文(或圣训)来废除先前经文所确立的教法裁定(Hukm)。
An-Naskh linguistically means: Raising/lifting (Ar-Raf’u) and removing (Al-Izaalah). This is like the statement: ‘The Sun Nasakhat the shade’ and: ‘The wind Nasakhat the trace’. It can also be used linguistically to intend something similar to transference (Naql) like in their statement: ‘Nasakhtu Al-Kitaab’ (i.e. I copied it and transferred what was on one to the other). An-Naskh in accordance to the Shar’a terminological convention (Al Istilaah) means: The lifting of the Hukm established by a previous address by an address that is later than it.
“解除”(Raf'u)所指的“哈昆”(Hukm,裁定)的含义:即撤销该哈昆,使负有法律责任、须承担义务的穆卡拉菲恩(Mukallafeen)不再被要求或被强制去履行或完成它。
The meaning of lifting (Raf’u) of the Hukm: The removal of the Hukm so that the Mukallafeen (those who are legally responsible and accountable) are no longer requested or required to undertake or fulfil it.