应用前人律法(Shar'u Min Qablinaa)的例证
Examples Of The Application Of Shar’u Min Qablinaa
先前各民族的律法(Shar’u Min Qablinaa),以及易卜拉欣的宗教,在犹太教徒、基督徒(Nasaaraa)那里,已在《讨拉特》和《引支勒》中被歪曲和篡改。如今现存的《讨拉特》和《引支勒》,并非降示给穆萨和尔撒二位先知(愿主赐福他们)时的原本,而是遭受了变更和篡改,使它们与降示给穆萨(as)和尔撒(as)这两位使者的《讨拉特》和《引支勒》相去甚远。
The Shar’u Min Qablinaa from the Yahood, Nasaaraa (Christians) and the Deen of Ibraheem had been twisted and distorted in the Tawrah and the Injeel. The Tawrah and Injeel that are present today are not the same that were revealed to Mousaa and ‘Eisaa, peace be upon them both, but rather they have been afflicted by change and distortion which have taken them both far away from the Tawrah and Injeel which were revealed to the two Messengers Mousaa (as) and ‘Eisaa (as).
安拉(SWT)在《古兰经》中提到了先于穆罕默德ﷺ的使者们所带来的一些律例。以下是其中的一部分:
Allah (swt) has mentioned some of the Ahkaam that the Messengers prior to Muhammad (saw) had come with in the Qur’aan Al-Kareem. The following is a selection of these:
1 – 安拉塔阿拉在提及苏莱曼(愿他平安)时说:
1 – Allah Ta’Aalaa said in relation to Suleiman (as):
他检阅群鸟,说:“我怎么看不见戴胜呢?还是它缺席了?我必定严厉惩罚它,或者宰了它,除非它给我带来明确的理由。”(《蚂蚁章》20-21)
And he took attendance of the birds and said, "Why do I not see the hoopoe - or is he among the absent? I will surely punish him with a severe punishment or slaughter him unless he brings me clear authorization." (An-Naml 20-21).
鉴于穆斯林之间在鸟类以及即便它做了被视为错误之事时免除惩罚这一点上并无分歧。事实上,所有动物的惩罚都已被免除,因为已有经文(Nass)对此作出说明。真主的使者ﷺ说:
This is whilst there is no difference of opinion amongst the Muslims in respect to dropping punishment for the bird and even if it did something seen to be wrong. Indeed, the punishment of all animals has fallen as a Nass (text) has come explaining that. The Messenger of Allah (saw) said:
野兽造成的伤害不负责任(无需赔偿)。
The injuries/harms of the beasts are free of blame/innocent
(即他们免于责任,对于他们损坏或毁坏的任何东西,并不负有担保或赔偿的义务等等……)
(i.e. they are free from blame and there is no guarantee/liability for anything they ruin or damage etc…).
2 – 来自Zakariyaa(as)的Sharee'ah,也就是安拉塔阿拉的话语: Note: "(as)" is kept as in the original, per the rules; "Sharee'ah" and "Zakariyaa" are kept in their transliterated forms.
2 – And from the Sharee’ah of Zakariyaa (as) is the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
宰凯里雅说:"我的主啊!求你为我定一个迹象。"主说:"你的迹象是,你虽然身体无恙,却三夜不能与世人说话。"
(Zakariyaa) said: "My Lord! Appoint for me a sign." He said: "Your sign is that you shall not speak unto mankind for three nights, though having no bodily defect (Maryam 10).
这是对泽凯里亚(愿主赐他平安)的一项命令,要求他连续三夜不与people说话,这是一种以不说话为形式的斋戒(Sawm)。而在伊斯兰教中,斋戒是指禁止饮食和夫妻之事,伊斯兰教中并没有禁止言语的斋戒。
This was a command to Zakariyaa (as) to not speak to the people for three consecutive nights which was a form of Sawm (fasting) from using speech. This is whilst in Islaam the fasting is from food, drink and intimate relations and there is no Sawm in Islaam from speech.
3 – 在穆萨(عليه السلام)的律法中,有安拉(سبحانه وتعالى)的话语:
3 – From the Sharee’ah of Mousaa (as) there is the Qawl of Allah (swt):
至于犹太教徒,我为他们禁止了一切有蹄不分瓣的动物,也禁止了他们牛和羊的脂肪,但背上的、肠子上的,或与骨头混在一起的除外。(《古兰经》6:146)
And unto those who are Jews, We forbade every (animal) with undivided hoof, and We forbade them the fat of the cow and the sheep except what adheres to their backs or their entrails, or is mixed up with a bone (Al-An’aam 146).
在伊斯兰教的律法(Sharee'ah)中,所有这些都已因真主的言辞(Qawl)“全能全知的主”而对穆斯林变为合法(Halaal)。
That is whilst in the Sharee’ah of Islaam, all of that has been made Halaal for the Muslims due to His Qawl ‘Azza Wa Jalla:
{你们的食物对他们是合法的}(《筵席章》5)
And your food is lawful to them (Al-Maa’idah 5).
这些从我们食物中取得的脂肪(Shuhoom),对他们而言是合法的,因此他们的律法(Sharee’ah)中的相关规定已被废止。
These fats (Shuhoom) from our food are lawful for them and as such the Ahkaam of their Sharee’ah had been abrogated.
4 – 来自优素福(愿安宁归于他)的教法,还有安拉至高者的话语:
4 – And from the Sharee’ah of Yousuf (as) is the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
他们说:"偷盗的惩罚应当是:谁的口袋里搜出了那东西,谁就应当被扣留作为惩罚。我们就是这样惩罚不义者的!"(约瑟夫章 75)
They [Yusuf's (Joseph) brothers] said: "The penalty should be that he, in whose bag it is found, should be held for the punishment (of the crime). Thus we punish the Zhaalimoon (wrong-doers, etc.)!" (Yousuf 75).
这意味着将窃贼拘押起来作为对盗窃的惩罚,而伊斯兰教规定的窃贼惩罚是断手。
This means taking the thief into custody as a punishment for the theft and this is whilst Islaam has made cutting the hand the punishment for the thief.
5 – 以及来自雅阁布(as)的律法,是祂的话(swt):
5 – And from the Sharee’ah of Ya’qoub (as) is His Qawl (swt):
所有食物对以色列的后裔都是合法的,只有以色列为自己所禁戒的除外(《阿拉·伊姆兰》93)。
All food was lawful to the Children of Israel, except what Israel made unlawful for himself (Aali ‘Imraan 93).
在伊斯兰教中,先知不得为自己禁止真主没有禁止的事物。真主(SWT)说:
This is whilst in Islaam it is not for the Messenger to make Haraam upon himself that which Allah did not make Haraam. Allah (swt) says
先知啊!你为什么要禁止自己(享用)真主为你合法的东西呢?(《禁食》1)
O Prophet! Why do you ban (for yourself) that which Allah has made lawful to you (At-Tahreem 1).