禁令之后的命令
The Command Following The Prohibition
一些学者说道:
Some of the ‘Ulamaa’ said:
在禁令(Hazhr)之后出现的命令(Amr),表示许可(Al-Ibaahah),正如安拉塔阿拉(Ta’Aalaa)的话语所说:
The Amr after the prohibition (Hazhr) is one of Al-Ibaahah (permissibility) and that is like what has come in the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
但当你们脱离戒律时,就可以狩猎。(《筵席章》2)
But when you come out of Ihraam, then hunt (Al-Maa’idah 2).
随从了祂的圣言(SWT):
Which followed His Qawl (swt):
哦,你们这些信道的人啊!当你们处于朝觐的戒律(Ihraam)中时,不要猎杀飞禽走兽。
O you who have believed do not kill game while you are in the state of Ihraam (Al-Maa’idah 95).
因此,立法者(Shaari')禁止朝觐者在处于朝觐的戒律状态(Ihraam)时猎杀猎物,随后又在另一节经文中命令他在走出朝觐的戒律状态后可以狩猎。因此,一些学者认为,这种在禁止之后的命令表明允许(Ibaahah)。
And so the Shaari’ (Legislator) made the killing of game Haraam for the one performing Hajj whilst he is in the state of Ihraam and then commanded in another Aayah to hunt after coming out of the state of Ihraam of the Hajj. Consequently, this command following the prohibition is considered by some of the ‘Ulamaa to indicate Ibaahah (permissibility).
然而,禁止之后的命令并不总是表示允许,正如安拉(SWT)对以物配主者所说的那样:
However, the command following the Hazhr (prohibition) does not always indicate permissibility as Allah (swt) said to the Mushrikeen (polytheists):
“当禁月过去后,你们在哪里遇见以物配主者,就在哪里杀他们。”(忏悔章 5)
And when the sacred months have passed then kill the polytheists wherever you find them (At-Taubah 5).
如果在禁止之后出现的“命令”意味着允许,那么根据这段经文的要求,杀害多神教徒就不会成为必须履行的义务了。正确的观点是:在禁止之后出现的做某事的命令,表明禁令已被解除,因此该行为的裁决恢复到禁令出现之前的状态。
Had the Amr after the prohibition meant permissibility then the killing of the Mushrikeen would not have been obligatory in accordance to the dictates of this text. The correct view is that the command to do an action after its prohibition is indicative of the lifting of the prohibition and so the Hukm of the action returns to what it had been before the prohibition.
在因朝觐而禁止之前,狩猎原本是被允许的(मुबाह);此后,当禁令所依据的理由消失时,又恢复了其原本的许可。
Hunting had been Mubaah before the Tahreem (prohibition) due to the Hajj, then when the command came with it after the passing of the reason of the prohibition, the action returned back to its original permissibility.
在禁月之外作战,对穆斯林而言本是义务。因此当它在禁月中被禁止时,就成为哈拉姆(禁止之事);随后,命令在禁月结束之后即禁月过去、其缘由消失之后下达作战,于是该律例又回到禁止之前的状态,即讨伐多神教徒是义务。 在召唤主日聚礼拜之前,为寻求生计而努力工作是曼杜布(值得推荐之事);随后因其会分散人对主日聚礼拜的注意力,而被禁止,其缘由是它会使人分心于主日聚礼拜。接着,当命令变为在完成主日聚礼拜之后去做时,由于使其成为哈拉姆的那个缘由已经消失,它便又恢复为值得推荐之事。
And fighting in other than the sacred months had been an obligation upon the Muslims. So when it was forbidden in the sacred months it became Haraam and then the command came to fight after the end of the sacred months i.e. after the passing of the reason. The Hukm therefore returned to what it had been before the prohibition which is the obligation to fight the Mushrikeen. Making effort in search of Rizq was Mandoob before the call for the Jumu’ah prayer and then it was prohibited with the ‘Illah of it distracting from the Jumu’ah prayer. Then when the command came to do it after the performance of the Jumu’ah prayer, it returned to being recommended, due to the disappearance of the ‘Illah for the sake of which it was made Haraam.