伊斯提斯哈卜与人定法
Al-istishaab And The Man-made Laws
“伊斯提synchronization”这一原则在人定法中同样受到重视,这一点在以下几个方面可以清楚看到: Correction: 伊斯提斯哈卜(al-Istishaab)在人定法中同样受到重视,这一点在以下几个方面表现得很明显:
Al-Istishaab is given consideration (or weight) within the man-made laws and this is apparent in the following matters:
1 – 在刑法方面,"Al-Istishaab"(istishaab,即延续原状原则)被采用,并在刑法中充当一个"Asl"(原则、根据)。因为在没有经文确立或证明惩罚之前,事物仍处于"Ibaahah"(允许)的状态。此外,在有证据证明指控(或罪行)之前,或在颁布惩罚的经文之前,被告是无罪的。这些问题都以"Al-Istishaab"为基础,这就是"Istishaab Al-Baraa'ah Al-Asliyah"(延续原始无责任原则)。
1 – Al-Istishaab is taken in respect to the penal code and it acts as an Asl (origin) within it because the matters remain upon Ibaahah (permissibility) as long as a text is not brought establishing or proving the punishment. Also, the accused is innocent until an evidence is brought to prove the accusation (or guilt) or until a text is issued for the punishment. These matters are based upon Al-Istishaab and this is Istishaab Al-Baraa’ah Al-Asliyah (The continuance of the original non-liability).
2 ——在人定法的许多裁决中,都以许可的原则(Asl,即根本或基础)为依据。例如,两个缔约方之间合同的合法性,便是建立在合同领域原初许可的基础之上。因此,在人定法的立法者看来,关于合同的原则是许可,并且遵循这一原则,直到有文本确立而禁止或限制这一许可为止。