《伊斯兰教法学》
Al-Fiqh
fiqh的含义:
The meaning of Al-Fiqh:
"الفقه" في اللغة: "الفهم". قال الله تعالى على لسان موسى عليه السلام: Note: the system prompt asks for Chinese (Simplified) output, so the correct translation should be in Chinese. Here is the translation: “伊斯兰教法”（الفقه）在语言上的含义是："الفهم"（理解）。真主塔阿拉通过穆萨（愿主赐其平安）的舌头说道：
Al-Fiqh linguistically means: ‘Al-Fahm’ (understanding). Allah Ta’Aalaa said upon the tongue of Mousaa (as):
并解开我舌上的结，使他们能理解我的话。（塔哈篇 28）
And untie the knot from my tongue (so that) they understand (Fiqh) my speech (TaHa 28).
这意味着他们"理解"我对他们所说的话。
Which means that they ‘understand’ what I say to them.
根据乌苏勒·菲格赫（Usool ul-Fiqh）学者的术语定义（Istilaah），"Al-Fiqh"（伊斯兰教法学）的含义是：
The meaning of Al-Fiqh in accordance to the Istilaah (terminological definition) of the ‘Ulamaa of Usool ul-Fiqh is:
"这是从其详细的证据中获取的实践性伊斯兰教法规定（Ahkaam Ash-Shar'iyah）的知识（'Ilm）。"
‘It is the ‘Ilm (knowledge) of the practical Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah taken from its detailed evidences’.
释义定义的解释:
Explanation of the definition:
《Al-Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah》
Al-Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah:
这里所指的是：Al-Waajib（必须）、Al-Mandoob（推荐）、Al-Mubaah（允许）、Al-Makrooh（厌恶）和Al-Haraam（禁止）。
What is intended by this is: Al-Waajib, Al-Mandoob, Al-Mubaah, Al-Makrooh and Al-Haraam.
也包括：As-Sabab（原因/起因）、Ash-Shart（条件）、Al-Maani'（障碍）、Al-'Azeemah（本原则/原定之律）、Ar-Rukhsah（变通之律）、As-Sihhah（有效）、Al-Fasaad（无效）和Al-Butlaan（无效/作废）。
What is intended is also: As-Sabab, Ash-Shart, Al-Maani’, Al- ‘Azeemah, Ar-Rukhsah and As-Sihhah, Al-Fasaad and Al-Butlaan.
实践的（al-‘Amaliyyah）：
Al-‘Amaliyyah (practical):
与仆人（即安拉的崇拜者）的行为相关的事务，例如礼拜、圣战、贸易，以及为穆斯林任命哈里发。
That which has a relationship to the actions of the ‘Ibaad (slaves) like the Salaah, the Jihaad, the trade and appointing a Khalifah for the Muslims.
《Al-Mustafaadah》
Al-Mustafaadah:
所取之物有两类：一类是未经istinbaat（推演）而取得的，另一类是通过istinbaat（推演）而取得的。
That which is taken without Istinbaat (deduction) and that which is taken by way of Istinbaat.
《al-Adillah At-Tafseeliyah》（详细证据）
Al-Adillah At-Tafseeliyah (the detailed evidences):
这些是“الأدلة الجزئية”（部分证据），例如一节经文或一段圣训，或是二者的一部分，比如：“Aqeemu-s-Salaah”（你们要坚持拜功），以及“Allah has made Bai’ (trade) Halaal”（真主允许了买卖）。
These are the Adillah Al-Juz’iyah (partial evidences) like the Aayah or the Hadeeth or a part from them both like: “Aqeemu-s-Salaah” (establish the prayer) and like: “Allah has made Bai’ (trade) Halaal”.