“伊拉”('Illah)与“马纳特”(Manaat)之间的区别
The difference between the ‘Illah and the Manaat
“伊拉”(’Illah)是指为其目的而制定律法(Hukm)的那个事由,并且必须有一个合乎教法的证据(Daleel Shar'iy)来表明它或指示它;204
The ‘Illah is the matter that the Hukm has been legislated for its sake/purpose and there must be a Daleel Shar’iy that indicates or 204
这些指引是为了理解它所代表的内容,即立法者(Shaari')对该裁决(Hukm)所期望达到的意图。
guides to it in order to understand that it represents what the Shaari’ (legislator) has intended from the Hukm.
至于"Manaat"(所系之物):它是指那被(ط َاَن َ أ,即"所系于")的事物,也就是立法者(Shaar'i)将律法判断与之相关联或附着的对象。因此,它指的是伊斯兰律法的判断所施加于其上的那个"Mas'alah"(问题、事项)。换句话说,它就是律法判断所落在其上的对象。因此,就安拉的经文而言,即安拉塔阿拉的话语:
As for the Manaat: It is that which is ط َاَن َ أ) made dependent upon) i.e. that which the Shaar’i (legislator) related or attached the Hukm to. It therefore refers to the Mas’alah (issue) upon which the Hukm AshShar’iy applies to and upon. In other words, it is that which the Hukm falls upon. So in respect to the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
然而真主准许买卖,禁止高利贷(Ribaa)。(黄牛经文,2:275)
And He made Ribaa Haraam (Al-Baqarah 275)
关于此事,其Hukm(裁定)为Tahreem(禁止),而该Hukm的Manaat(依据)是Ribaa(利息/高利贷)。
In respect to this the Hukm is Tahreem (prohibition) whilst the Manaat of the Hukm is Ribaa (interest/usury).