最重要的、以Mutakallimeen（辩证学派）方法撰写的usool（教法原理）著作
The most significant books of Usool written upon the methodology of the Mutakallimeen
这一方法最早由伊玛目沙斐仪（穆罕默德·本·伊德里斯·沙斐仪）提出。他于伊历204年在埃及去世。这体现在他的《故纳》（《Risaalah》）一书中，他写作此书时与穆塔卡理穆永（Mutakallimoon）并无任何联系，尽管他在为“法理学原理”（Usool ul-Fiqh）制定规则时，同意他们运用理性判断（‘Aqliy）来确立“法则”（Qawaa’id）。
This Tareeqah was first manifested by Al-Imaam Ash-Shaafi’iy (Muhammad Bin Idrees Ash-Shaafi’iy) who passed away in the year 204 AH in Egypt. That was in his ‘Risaalah’ in Usool and it happened without him having any connection to the Mutakallimoon although he agreed with them in respect to utilising the intellectual (‘Aqliy) judgement to establish the Qawaa’id (principles) that he provided for Usool ul-Fiqh.
用Mutakallimeen（辩证学派/神学家）方法撰写的最重要的《法理学》（Usool ul-Fiqh）著作有：
The most significant books written in Usool ul-Fiqh upon the method of the Mutakallimeen are:
1) 阿布·哈桑·巴士里·穆尔taziliy（Abu-l-Hasan Al-Basriy Al-Mu'taziliy）所著的《Al-Mu'tamad》，此人卒于伊历463年。
1) ‘Al-Mu’tamad’ of Abu-l-Hasan Al-Basriy Al-Mu’taziliy who passed away in the year 463 AH.
2）伊玛目哈拉迈尼·阿卜杜勒·马立克·朱瓦伊尼（Al-Imaam Al-Haramaini Abdul Malik Al-Juwainiy）的《Al-Burhaan》，他卒于伊历487年。
2) ‘Al-Burhaan’ of Al-Imaam Al-Haramaini Abdul Malik Al-Juwainiy who passed away in the year 487 AH.
3) 《Al-Mustasfaa Li Hujjat il-Islaam》，作者为阿布·哈米德·安-Ghazaaliy（Abu Haamid Al-Ghazaaliy），卒于伊历505年。
3) ‘Al-Mustasfaa Li Hujjat il-Islaam’ by Abu Haamid Al-Ghazaaliy who passed away in the year 505 AH.
这三部书是主要的参考典籍，此后所有的编纂、摘要与节选工作，都是围绕它们展开的。
These three books are the main references and all that came after them revolved around them whether in terms of compilation, summary or abridgment.
以下是他们之前和之后出现的一些著作：
The following are some of the books that preceded them and some that came after them:
1) 阿布·伯克尔·阿尔-巴基拉尼·阿尔-马立基（Al-Qaadiy Abu Bakr Al-Baaqilaaniy Al-Maalikiy）所著《At-Ta’reef Wa-l-Irshaad Fee Tarteeb Turuq Al-Ijtihaad》，此人卒于伊历403年。
1) ‘At-Ta’reef Wa-l-Irshaad Fee Tarteeb Turuq Al-Ijtihaad’ written by Al-Qaadiy Abu Bakr Al-Baaqilaaniy Al-Maalikiy who passed away in the year 403 AH.
2) 《Al-Lam'u》，作者为 Abu Ishaq Ibraheem Ash-Sheeraaziy，他于伊历476年去世。
2) ‘Al-Lam’u’ authored by Abu Ishaq Ibraheem Ash-Sheeraaziy who passed away in the year 476 AH.
3) 书名：《Al-Ihkaam Fee Usool ul-Fiqh》（《伊哈姆·菲·乌苏勒·菲格赫》），作者为阿布·哈桑·阿玛迪·沙菲仪（Abu Hasan Al Aamadiy Ash-Shaafi'iy），卒于伊历731年。
3) The book: ‘Al-Ihkaam Fee Usool ul-Fiqh’ by Abu Hasan Al Aamadiy Ash-Shaafi’iy who passed away in the year 731 AH.
4) 《Al-Mahsool》，作者为法赫尔丁·拉齐（Fakhr-ud-Deen Ar-Raaaziy），他卒于伊历731年。
4) ‘Al-Mahsool’ by Fakhr-ud-Deen Ar-Raaaziy who passed away in the year 731 AH.