第四章
The Fourth Chapter
Al-Istihsaan 与 Al-Masaalih Al-Mursalah
Al-Istihsaan and Al-Masaalih Al-Mursalah
首先:伊斯提哈桑(Al-Istihsaan)
Firstly: Al-Istihsaan:
1 – 其定义及其类别:Istihsaan As-Sunnah(以圣行为据的istihsaan)、Istihsaan Al-Ijmaa'(以公议为据的istihsaan)、Istihsaan Ad-Darooah(以必要为据的istihsaan)以及Al-Maslahah(公益)。
1 – Its definition and its categories: ‘Istihsaan As-Sunnah, Istihsaan Al-Ijmaa’, Istihsaan Ad-Darooah and Al-Maslahah’.
2 – 其证据效力(即其作为证据的有效性)以及学者们在此问题上的观点。
2 – Its Hujjiyah (proof or evidence for its validity) and the opinions of the ‘Ulamaa in relation to this.
3 – 当与类比(Qiyaas)相冲突时的 Al-Istihsaan(istihsān,认为更好):哈乃斐学派的观点
3 – Al-Istihsaan when in conflict with Qiyaas according to the Hanafiyah.
4 – 运用伊斯提哈桑(Al-Istihsaan)的例子
4 – Examples of the application of Al-Istihsaan.
其次:al-Maṣāliḥ al-Mursalah(公益原则):
Secondly: Al-Masaalih Al-Mursalah:
1 – 马萨利哈·穆尔赛拉(Al-Masaalih Al-Mursalah)的定义、类别及其在伊斯兰教法学中运用的意义
1 – Definition of Al-Masaalih Al-Mursalah, its categories and the significance of utilising it in the Islamic Fiqh.
2 - 马沙利哈·穆尔赛莱(Al-Masaalih Al-Mursalah)的证据性(Hujjiyah),支持它的证据,以及学者们对此的看法。
2 - Hujjiyah of Al-Masaalih Al-Mursalah, the evidences for that and the opinion of the ‘Ulamaa in respect to it.
3 – 运用“al-Maṣāliḥ al-Mursalah”(公益原则)的实际例子
3 – Practical examples of the application of the utilisation of Al-Masaalih Al-Mursalah.
4 – 公益原则(al-Maslahah al-Mursalah)与istihsan(优选)之间的关系。
4 – The relationship between Al-Maslahah Al-Mursalah and Al-Istihsaan.