我对于 At-taqleed(taqlīd,盲从/追随)与 At-talfeeq(talfīq,混合诸家之见)在各派教法之间的看法
My Opinion In Respect To At-taqleed And At-talfeeq Amongst The Madhaahib
1 ——穆斯林应当在他所需要的一切教法裁决上,自己去遵循(taqlīd)某一学派,例如他遵循沙斐仪(Ash-Shaafi’iy)的学派。
1 – It is for the Muslim to make Taqleed to a Madh’hab, itself, in all of the Ahkaam that he requires, like if he was to make Taqleed to Ash-Shaafi’iy for instance.
2 – 这位穆斯林如果在某个问题上所采取的行为与他所遵循的那个问题并无关联,那么允许他在沙斐仪的观点之外,选择另一种观点来遵从。也就是说,他尚未依照沙斐仪的观点付诸实践。然而,如果他已经依照沙斐仪的观点付诸实践,哪怕只有一次,那么在该问题上,他就不得再遵从沙斐仪以外的人,除非他已具备进行“探索取舍”(At-Tarjeeh,即在各种证据与观点之间进行权衡)的能力与资格。在这种情况下,他可以放弃沙斐仪的观点,采纳另一种基于该权衡结果的观点,而不能因为新观点比沙斐仪的观点更轻松或更容易而改变。
2 – It is permissible for this Muslim to ask for an opinion other than the opinion of Ash-Shaafi’iy to commit to, if his action had not been linked or connected to the Mas’alah that he is making Taqleed in. This means that if he had not already undertaken the action according to the opinion of Ash-Shaafi’iy. If he had however undertaken the action according to the Shaafi’iy opinion, and if only once, then it is not permitted for him to make Taqleed to other than Ash-Shaafi’iy in that Mas’alah (issue) unless he becomes capable and competent to undertake At-Tarjeeh (outweigh between the evidences and opinions). In that circumstance he would abandon the opinion of Ash-Shaafi’iy to adopt another opinion built upon that Tarjeeh (outweighing) and not because that new opinion is lighter or easier upon him than the Shaafi’iy opinion.