伊夫塔（Iftaa'）是穆夫提（Mufti）向提问者告知所询问事件的教法裁定（Hukm Ash-Shar'iy）的过程，即告诉他是否应遵循此裁定，或不必遵循。他可以在今天那样的裁决之所（Daar ul-Iftaa'，即伊夫塔院）告知他这一裁定，也可以在其他任何地方告知他。

The Iftaa’ is the Mufti informing of the Hukm Ash-Shar’iy for the issue being enquired about to the one enquiring about it. That is whether he adheres to this Hukm or does not adhere to it. He could inform him of this Hukm in Daar ul-Iftaa’ (the house of verdicts) as happens today or he could inform him of it in any other place.

而卡达（裁决）是指在司法审判场合或审理过程中，卡迪（法官）依据伊斯兰教法律条文（Hukm Ash-Shar'iy）作出判决，并以强制的方式将此判决告知，以便由法官对争讼双方或违法者执行该判决，无论他们是否接受这一判决。卡达（裁决）只有在审判场合内才能实施并生效，例如在法庭之中。

That is whilst the Qadaa (judgment) is the informing of the Qaadi (judge) within the judiciary setting or session of the Hukm Ash-Shar’iy in a manner of compulsion for the purpose of applying this Hukm from the judge and upon the disputing parties or those who have committed violations, whether they are content with that Hukm (judgment) or not content with it. The Qadaa’ (judging) is not implemented or effective except in the judiciary session like within the court room for example.

关于发布教令（Fatwa）的示例：

Example related to the giving of the Fatwaa:

据传，艾哈迈德·本·罕百勒（愿安拉怜悯他）曾被侯赛因·本·巴沙尔问及一个关于离婚（At-Talaaq）的问题，他说：如果他那样做，那他就违背了誓言。侯赛因便回答他说：安拉的仆人啊，确实有人给我发过一个教令，说如果他那样做，他就不算违背誓言。于是艾哈迈德说：你知道麦丁人的学圈吗？那是一个在拉萨法的学圈。侯赛因说：他给了我这个裁定，确实他使其成为合法的。艾哈迈德说：是的。

It was related from Ahmad Bin Hanbal (rh) that Al-Hussein Bin Bashaar asked him about a Mas’alah in relation to At-Talaaq (divorce) and then he said: If he does that then he has broken an oath. And so Al-Hussein replied to him: O slave of Allah, verily a person has given me a Fatwaa that if he did that he would not break his oath. So he (Ahmad) said: You know the Halaqah of the Madaniyeen, a Halaqah Bi Rasaafah. So he said: He gave me the verdict, indeed he made it Halaal. He said: Yes

如果某一事件或现实情况摆在普通信众（Muqallid）面前，而他不知道其对应的伊斯兰教法裁决（Hukm Ash-Shar'iy），那么立法者（Ash-Shaari'）已指示他去询问学者（'Ulamaa）。安拉（SWT）说：

If an incident or reality comes before the ‘Aammiy (Muqallid) and he does not know the Hukm Ash-Shar’iy for it, then the Shaari’ (Legislator) has directed him to ask the ‘Ulamaa (people of knowledge). Allah (swt) said:

而穆夫提属于"Ahlu-dh-Dhikr"（精通经文的知识人）之列。

And the Mufti is from amongst the Ahlu-dh-Dhikr (people of knowledge of the texts).

从穆夫提（Mufti，教法答疑者）的条件（Shuroot）之中包括：

From amongst the conditions (Shuroot) of the Mufti are:

1 – 他是一位精通诸多伊斯兰教法律条文（Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah）的法学家（Faqeeh），并且熟知各学派广泛流传的观点，尽管成为穆扎希德（Mujtahid）并非他的必要条件。 2 – 他对呈递到他面前的问题或疑问（Mas’alah）给出裁决（Hukm），并且在处理时追求真理（Haqq），不考虑统治者的意图或目的（Maqaasid）。

1 – That he is a Faqeeh and knowledgeable of a host of Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah and had studied the wide spread statements of the Madhaahib whilst it is not a condition for him to be a Mujtahid. 2 – That he provides the Hukm for the Mas’alah (issue or question) that has been presented before him and he approaches it seeking the Haqq without paying any regard to the Maqaasid (aims or intent) of the rulers.

3 – 他为求fatwa的人所选择的，是他自己所选定的诸多观点之一。因此，他不会为自己挑选诸观点中最容易的，却为别人挑选最严苛或最困难的观点让他们遵从。 4 – 他就所提出的问题给出Hukm Ash-Shar'iy（伊斯兰教法裁决），并附上其所依据的Daleel（证据），且在表明该裁决方面，选取最有力的证据。

3 – That he selects for the one seeking the Fatwaa from the opinions that he has chosen for himself. As such, he does not choose for himself that which is the easiest from amongst the opinions whilst selecting the most severe or hardest opinions for others to follow. 4 – That he provides the Hukm Ash-Shar’iy for the issue presented to him along with the Daleel that it is based upon and chooses the evidences that are the strongest in respect to indicating the Hukm.

5 – 穆夫提应具备敬畏与虔诚的品格，并严格遵守伊斯兰教法的各项律例。因为在安拉看来，最可憎的是那些说了自己不做之事的人（参见《萨夫篇》第2-3节）。

5 – That the Mufti is of a level of Taqwaa and piety and adheres or restricts himself to the Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah. That is because the most despised in the sight of Allah are those who say that which they don’t do (ref: Soorah As-Saff Aayah 2-3).

6 – 如果所询问的问题（Mas’alah）属于争议或意见分歧的问题，那么穆夫提会选择他在主观上认为更为可靠的（Ghalab ‘Alaa Zhannihi）观点。

6 – If the Mas’alah that he is being asked about is a matter of dispute or difference of opinion then the Mufti selects that which he believes preponderantly (Ghalab ‘Alaa Zhannihi) to be correct.

7 ——穆夫提应当从容不迫，不可仓促草率。他应当运用思考与沉思，反复斟酌此事，直至得出真理（Haqq）。如果他无法得出结论，就应当说：“Laa Adriy”（我不知道）。随后，他应当将提问者引荐给一位他认为掌握该问题裁决（Hukm）知识的人。

7 – The Mufti should take his time and not rush or be hasty. He should apply thought and contemplation, pondering over the matter, until he arrives to the Haqq (truth). Then if he is unable to arrive at that he should say: “Laa Adriy” (I don’t know). He should then guide the questioner to a person he believes has the knowledge of the Hukm for the Mas’alah.