第二章

第二章 - 《Al-Waadih Fee Usool ul-Fiqh》 | Quran Course

在第一章中,我们已介绍了伍苏勒·菲格赫(Usool ul-Fiqh)的定义、起源、历史、人物、方法、途径及其著作。现在我们转入该学科最重要的研究领域,即"阿迪拉·伊jmāliyyah"(Adillah Al-Ijmaaliyah)的内容。它们是伊斯兰立法的渊源,也是推导实践性沙里亚(Shar'iyyah)法则所依据的根据。

After having presented the definition of Usool ul-Fiqh in the first chapter; its origins, history, men, methods, paths and its books, we now move on to the most important of its subject areas and this is the subject of the Adillah Al-Ijmaaliyah, which are the sources of the Islamic legislation and from which the practical Shar’iyah rulings are derived.

以下是最重要的“Adillah Al-Ijmaaliyah”（总体证据）：《古兰经》（Al-Qur'aan Al-Kareem）、圣训（As-Sunnah An-Nabawiyah），以及《古兰经》与圣训所指引的那些依据，如类比（Al-Qiyaas）和公议（Al-Ijmaa'）。该领域还包括其他依据，如：善意推定（Al-Istihsaan）、公益原则（Al-Masaalih Al-Mursalah）、习惯（Al-'Urf）、持守原状（Al-Istishaab）、圣门弟子的主张（Madh'hab As-Sahaabiy）以及前世律法（Shar'u Min Qablinaa）。

The most important of the Adillah Al-Ijmaaliyah are: The Qur’aan Al-Kareem, the Sunnah An-Nabawiyah and what the Qur’aan and the Sunnah guide to in terms of sources like Al-Qiyaas and Al-Ijmaa’. This subject area also includes other sources like: Al-Istihsaan, Al Masaalih Al-Mursalah, Al-‘Urf, Al-Istishaab, Madh’hab As-Sahaabiy and Shar’u Min Qablinaa.

我们将逐一考察这些综合性证据（Adillah Al-Ijmaaliyah）中的每一条证据，依据经据和证明来审查其作为依据的效力（Hujjiyah），并考察它是否属于出自天启（Wahi）的证据。这是因为我们穆斯林奉命遵循穆罕默德使者ﷺ确定从安拉那里带来的教法。这源于安拉至高无上的经文：

We will take each Daleel from amongst these Adillah Al-Ijmaaliyah separately and examine its Hujjiyah (validity as a source) based on proof and evidence and upon the basis of whether it is a Daleel emanating from the Wahi (divinely inspired revelation). That is because we as Muslims have been commanded to follow what the Messenger of Allah Muhammad (saw) definitely brought from Allah Ta’Aalaa. This is due to the Qawl (statement) of Allah Ta’Aalaa:

1) 《古兰经》

2) 《圣训》（As-Sunnah An-Nabawiyah Ash-Shareefah）

3) 废止（An-Naskh）与《古兰经》和逊奈的关系：

引言