إذا باشر المعاون أمراً، وأمره الخليفة بتنفيذه، فعليه أن ينفذه كما أمره الخليفة دون زيادة فيه أو نقصان. وإذا رجع الخليفة فعارض المعاون في ما نفّذه، فينظر في الأمر: فإن كان حكماً نفّذه على وجهه الصحيح، أو مالاً وضعه في موضعه الصحيح، فإنه يُنفَّذ رأي المعاون، لأنه في الأصل رأي الخليفة، والخليفة لا يملك نقض ما نفّذه بنفسه من الأحكام وما أنفقه من الأموال. وإن كان ما نفّذه المعاون في غير ذلك، كتعيين والٍ أو إعداد جيش، فيجوز للخليفة أن يعارض المعاون، فيُنفَّذ رأي الخليفة، ويُلغى تصرف المعاون، لأن للخليفة الحق في تدارك تصرفه هو، فله أن يتدارك تصرفات المعاون.

If the assistant conducted an issue, and the Khalifah ordered him to do it, then he must implement it as the Khalifah ordered him to do so, without any addition or deletion. If the Khalifah returned to oppose the assistant rejecting what he has already executed, then the matter is examined; if it was a rule that he had implemented properly, or wealth that he placed in of its right place, then the opinion of the assistant is implemented, since it is in origin the opinion of the Khalifah, and the Khalifah cannot revoke what he himself had implemented of rules and spent of wealth. If what the assistant had executed was in anything else, such as appointing a governor or preparation of an army, then it is permitted for the Khalifah to oppose the assistant, and the opinion of the Khalifah is implemented, and the actions of the assistant are cancelled because the Khalifah has the right to redress his own action so he may redress the actions of the assistant.

يبيّن هذا المقال طريقة عمل المعاون، وكيفية مراجعة الخليفة لأفعال المعاون، وما يجوز للخليفة نقضه من أفعاله وما لا يجوز له نقضه، إذ إن فعل المعاون يُعدّ بمنزلة فعل الخليفة. والعلة في ذلك أن للمعاون أن يحكم باجتهاده كما للخليفة، لتوفر شروط الحكم فيه، وله أن ينظر في المظالم وأن يستخلف غيره للنظر فيها، لتوفر شروط النظر في المظالم فيه، وله أن يتولى الجهاد بنفسه وأن يولّي من يتولاه، لتوفر شروط الحرب فيه، وله أن يتولى تنفيذ الأمور بنفسه أو أن يوكل غيره بتنفيذها، لتوفر شروط الرأي وتدبير الشؤون فيه. غير أن هذا لا يعني أنه لا يصح للخليفة أن ينقض ما يُنفذه المعاون ما دام التقرير قد رُفع إليه، بل يعني أنه يملك من الصلاحيات الإلزامية ما يملكه الخليفة، لكن ذلك نيابةً عن الخليفة لا استقلالاً عنه.

This article is a description of how the assistant carries out his work, and how the Khalifah scrutinises the actions of the assistant, and this is taken from what is permitted for the Khalifah to reverse, and what is not permitted for him to reverse from the actions, since the action of the assistant is considered to be the action of the Khalifah. The explanation for this is that the assistant is permitted to rule independently, as is the Khalifah, since the conditions for ruling are considered in him, and it is permitted for him to look into the Madhalim (injustices) and to appoint others to look into them, since the condition for the Madhalim are considered in him, and he is permitted to undertake the Jihad by himself and to empower those who will undertake it, since the conditions of war are considered in him, and he is permitted to undertake the implementation of the issues personally or to appoint someone else to implement them since the conditions of opinion and management of affairs are considered in him. However, this does not mean that it is not correct for the Khalifah to cancel whatever the assistant carries out as long as the report has been raised to him, rather what it means is that he possesses what the Khalifah does in terms of mandatory powers, but this is on behalf of the Khalifah and not independent of him.

وعليه، يجوز للخليفة أن يعارض المعاون برد ما فعله وإلغاء ما نُفِّذ، لكن ضمن حدود ما يجوز للخليفة أن ينقضه لو كان قد فعله بنفسه. فإذا كان المعاون قد طبّق حكماً على الوجه الصحيح، أو أعطى مالاً حيث اقتضت الحاجة ذلك، ثم جاء الخليفة فعارض المعاون في ذلك بعد تنفيذه، فلا قيمة لمعارضته؛ بل يُنفَّذ فعل المعاون، ويُرد رأي الخليفة ومعارضته، لأن الأصل فيه أنه رأيه، ولا يصح له في المسائل المشابهة لهذه الأوضاع أن ينقض رأيه الذي اجتهد فيه أو أن يلغي تنفيذاً قد تمّ. وبناءً على ذلك، لا يصح له أن يلغي فعل معاونه في هذه المسائل. أما إذا كان المعاون قد ولّى والياً، أو مديراً، أو قائداً للجيش، أو أي منصب آخر، أو وضع تسيير القضايا الاقتصادية، أو الخطط العسكرية، أو خطط التصنيع، أو ما شابه ذلك، فيجوز للخليفة أن يلغيه. وذلك لأنه يُعد رأي الخليفة، لكنه من المسائل التي يجوز للخليفة أن ينقضها لو تولّاها بنفسه، فيجوز له إذن إلغاء عمل نائبه فيها. وعليه، ففي هذه الحالة يجوز إلغاء أفعال المعاون.

Accordingly, it is permitted for the Khalifah to oppose the assistant by rejecting what he has done and cancelling what has been carried out, but within the limits of what it is permitted for the Khalifah to reverse if he had done it himself. Therefore, if the assistant had implemented a rule in the correct manner, or gave wealth where it was necessitated, and subsequently the Khalifah came and opposed the assistant in this after its implementation, then there is no value in his opposition; rather the action of the assistant is implemented, and the opinion and opposition of the Khalifah is rejected, since in origin it is his opinion, and in issues similar to these situations it is not correct for him to reverse his own opinion or cancel whatever implementation had been completed. Consequently, it is not correct for him to cancel the action of his assistant in these issues. If the assistant had empowered a governor, an administrator, a commander of the Army, or any other appointment, or had laid down the running of economic issues, military plans, plans for industrialisation, or anything similar, then it is permitted for the Khalifah to cancel it. This is because it is considered to be the opinion of the Khalifah, but is from the issues that are permitted for the Khalifah to reverse if he had undertaken them himself, and so it is permitted to cancel the work of his representative in them. Therefore, in this situation, it is permitted to cancel the actions of the assistant.

الحكم في هذه المسألة: كل ما يجوز للخليفة أن يُصلِح فيه من أفعاله، يجوز له أن يُصلِح فيه من أفعال مساعده، وكل ما لا يجوز للخليفة أن يُصلِح فيه من أفعاله، لا يجوز له أن يُصلِح فيه من أفعال مساعده.

The rule in this is: Everything that the Khalifah is able to correct from his own actions, is permitted for him to correct from the actions of his assistant, and everything that the Khalifah is not permitted to correct from his own actions, he is not permitted to correct from the actions of his assistant.