التِّجَارَةُ في اللُّغَةِ هِيَ الْمُبَادَلَةُ عَلَى وَجْهِ التَّقْلِيبِ، وَهِيَ ضِدُّ الشِّرَاءِ. وَقَدْ تُسْتَعْمَلُ التِّجَارَةُ بِمَعْنَى الشِّرَاءِ، كَمَا يُسْتَعْمَلُ الشِّرَاءُ بِمَعْنَى التِّجَارَةِ. فَيُقَالُ: بَاعَهُ الشَّيْءَ مِنْهُ، أَيِ اشْتَرَاهُ، وَشَرَى لَهُمْ، أَيْ بَاعَ لَهُمْ، فَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا يُسْتَعْمَلُ بِمَعْنَى الْآخَرِ، وَالسِّيَاقُ يُعَيِّنُ الْمَقْصُودَ. أَمَّا التِّجَارَةُ فِي الشَّرْعِ فَهِيَ مُبَادَلَةُ مَالٍ بِمَالٍ، بِالتَّمْلِيكِ وَالتَّمَلُّكِ عَنْ تَرَاضٍ. وَالتِّجَارَةُ مُبَاحَةٌ بِالْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ. قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: {وَأَحَلَّ اللهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا}.

Trade linguistically is exchange in an unrestricted manner, and it is opposite to purchase. Trade is also used for purchase, just as purchase is used for trade. So it is said he (ba’a) purchased it from from him meaning he bought it, and they (shara) sold to them meaning they sold it so each of them is used for the other and the connotation specifies the meaning. As for trade in the Shar’a, it is exchanging property for property in placing in possession and being placed in possession by mutual agreement. Trade is permitted by the Book and Sunnah. Allah (swt) said: