2.10 Rezeki [rizq] Hanya Berada di Tangan Allah
2.10 Provision [rizq] Is In The Hands Of Allah Alone
Rezeki berbeza daripada pemilikan kerana rezeki ialah suatu pemberian [‘atā’]; oleh itu, kata kerja ‘razaqa’ bermaksud ‘memberi [a’tā]’. Adapun pemilikan ialah memiliki sesuatu melalui mana-mana cara yang dibenarkan oleh Syariah yang dengannya harta boleh dimiliki. Rezeki boleh halal [halāl] atau haram [harām]; kesemuanya dinamakan rezeki. Maka wang yang dimenangi oleh seorang penjudi daripada orang lain dalam suatu perlawanan judi ialah rezeki, kerana ia adalah wang yang Allah (SWT) berikan kepada setiap orang apabila dia mengusahakan mana-mana keadaan yang dengannya wang diperoleh.
Rizq is different to ownership because rizq is a gift [‘atā’]; thus the verb ‘razaqa’ means ‘to give [a’tā]’. As for ownership it is to possess something through any of the mediums permitted by the Sharī’ah whereby wealth can be possessed. Rizq can be lawful [halāl] or unlawful [harām]; all of it is termed rizq. So the money won by a gambler from another in a gambling match is rizq, because it is money that Allah gives to each person when he pursues any of the situations in which money is obtained.
Pandangan yang lazim di kalangan manusia ialah bahawa merekalah yang menyediakan rezeki untuk diri mereka sendiri. Mereka menganggap keadaan-keadaan yang melaluinya mereka memperoleh harta, iaitu wang atau keuntungan, sebagai punca rezeki mereka, walaupun dengan lidah mereka mengatakan bahawa Ar-Razzaq [Yang Maha Memberi rezeki] ialah Allah. Mereka berpendapat bahawa pekerja, yang membawa pulang gaji tetap hasil kerja keras dan usahanya, ialah orang yang menyediakan rezeki untuk dirinya sendiri. Apabila dia mencurahkan segala usaha atau cuba melalui pelbagai cara untuk menambah gajinya, mereka melihat bahawa dialah yang mengusahakan tambahan itu. Mereka berpendapat bahawa peniaga, yang memperoleh untung hasil usaha perdagangannya, ialah orang yang menyediakan rezeki untuk dirinya sendiri, dan doktor yang merawat orang sakit sedang menyara hidupnya sendiri. Dengan cara ini, mereka melihat bahawa setiap orang menceburi suatu pekerjaan yang daripadanya dia memperoleh wang. Dialah yang menyediakan rezeki untuk dirinya. Maka, bagi orang-orang ini, punca-punca rezeki itu dapat dilihat dan dirasai, dan ia adalah keadaan-keadaan yang membawa kepada perolehan harta. Sesiapa yang menumpukan dirinya kepada keadaan-keadaan ini, dialah yang akan memperoleh harta tersebut, sama ada dia sendiri atau orang lain yang menerima rezeki itu. Orang ramai sampai kepada pandangan ini kerana mereka tidak memahami hakikat keadaan-keadaan (hālāt) tempat rezeki mereka datang. Mereka menganggapnya sebagai punca kerana mereka tidak dapat membezakan antara sebab dan keadaan. Hakikatnya, cara-cara yang menjadi sumber rezeki itu sebenarnya ialah keadaan-keadaan tempat rezeki diperoleh, bukan punca rezeki itu. Jika ia benar-benar punca rezeki, nescaya ia tidak gagal sama sekali dalam menghasilkan rezeki itu, tetapi jelas kelihatan bahawa ia memang gagal. Keadaan-keadaan ini mungkin wujud tetapi tiada rezeki yang keluar daripadanya, dan rezeki boleh diperoleh tanpa keadaan-keadaan itu wujud sama sekali. Sekiranya keadaan-keadaan ini ialah sebab, maka akibatnya, iaitu rezeki, pastilah berlaku. Oleh kerana rezeki bukanlah hasil yang pasti - ia hanya datang apabila keadaan-keadaan tertentu wujud, atau rezeki itu mungkin tidak berlaku walaupun keadaan-keadaan tersebut ada - ini menunjukkan bahawa keadaan-keadaan itu bukanlah sebab, tetapi hanyalah keadaan yang di bawahnya rezeki itu diperoleh. Seorang pekerja mungkin bekerja selama sebulan penuh, namun dia terhalang daripada pendapatannya (yang dijangkakan) kerana penyelesaian hutang lama, atau perbelanjaan untuk mereka yang wajib dia tanggung nafkahnya, atau kerana pembayaran cukai. Dalam keadaan ini, keadaan yang membawa rezeki, iaitu kerja pekerja itu, memang wujud, tetapi rezeki itu tidak diperoleh kerana dia tidak menerima gajinya. Mungkin ada seseorang di rumahnya di al-Quds, yang kepadanya posmen membawa berita bahawa saudara mara tertentu di Amerika telah meninggal dunia, dengan meninggalkan dia sebagai satu-satunya waris, dan bahawa seluruh hartanya akan berpindah ke tangannya, maka dia hendaklah memperoleh pemilikannya sendiri atau melalui wakil yang diiktiraf. Rezeki ini datang kepadanya, dan dia pun tidak tahu bahawa ia sedang datang. Atau sebahagian rumahnya mungkin runtuh dan dia mendapati wang tersembunyi di situ, lalu dia mengambilnya. Jika keadaan-keadaan yang berpunca daripada manusia itu benar-benar sebab rezeki, nescaya ia tidak akan gagal, dan tiada rezeki akan diperoleh kecuali apabila keadaan-keadaan ini wujud. Jelaslah bahawa ia memang gagal, yang menunjukkan bahawa ia adalah syarat-syarat dan bukan sebab. Kejadian-kejadian di mana rezeki diperoleh tanpa sebab yang nyata adalah tidak terhitung banyaknya; kejadian makanan dan perjalanan, serta meninggalkan makanan yang telah disediakan untuk orang lain; dan kejadian-kejadian lain yang menunjukkan bahawa keadaan-keadaan yang biasanya menjadi tempat rezeki diperoleh itu adalah keadaan-keadaan untuk memperoleh rezeki, dan bukan sebab-sebabnya.
A view which prevails amongst people is that they are the ones who provide for themselves, and they consider the circumstances in which they earn wealth - that is, money or profit - as the cause of their provision [rizq] even if they say by their tongues that the Razzāq [the one who provides/sustains] is Allah . They think that the employee, who takes home a set wage through his hard work and effort, is the one who provides for himself, and when he exerts every effort or tries through various means to supplement his wage, they see that he was the one who procured this increase. They think that the tradesman, who makes profit as a result of his trade endeavours, is the one who provided for his own sustenance, and the doctor, who treats the ill, is making his own living. In this manner, they see that each person pursues an occupation from which he earns money. He is the one who provides for himself. Thus the causes of provision, for these people, are perceptible and tangible, and they are the circumstances which lead to the procurement of wealth, and the person who commits himself to these circumstances, he is the one who will earn this wealth whether he himself or someone else is the receipient of the provision. People have come to hold this view because they do not grasp the reality of the circumstances [hālāt] from which their provision come. They take them to be the cause because of their inability to differentiate between the cause and the circumstance. The fact is that these means from which the provision comes, are actually circumstances in which the rizq is obtained and not a cause of the rizq. If they were the true causes of rizq then they should not fail at all in producing that rizq, but it can clearly be seen that they do fail. These circumstances may well exist but no provision comes out of it, and rizq may be obtained without such circumstances existing at all. If these circumstances were the cause then the result, namely, rizq, would definitely occur. Since the rizq is not a definite result - it only comes when the circumstances exist or the rizq might fail to materialise despite their presence - this indicates that they are not the causes but only the circumstances under which the rizq is obtained. An employee may work for a whole month but he is prevented from his (expected) income due to the settling of a previous debt, or spending money on those whose maintenance he is obliged to provide for, or by paying taxes. In this case, the circumstance which brings the provision, namely, the employee’s work, was present but the rizq was not obtained since he did not get his wages. There may be someone in his house in al-Quds, to whom the postman brings the news that so-and-so relative of his in America has died, leaving him as the sole inheritor, and that all of his wealth will pass into his hands so he should gain possession of it himself or through a recognised agent. This rizq came to him and he did not even know it was coming. Or a side of his house might collapse and he finds money hidden there, so he takes it. If the circumstances, which derive from human beings, are indeed the cause of rizq then they would not fail; and no rizq would be procured except when these circumstances are present. It is quite apparent that they do fail, which indicates that they are conditions and not causes. The incidents in which rizq has been obtained without any apparent cause are innumerable; incidents of food and travel, and leaving prepared food for another one; and other incidents which indicate that the circumstances in which rizq is usually obtained are, circumstances of (obtaining) rizq and not its causes.
Lebih-lebih lagi, tidak mungkin untuk menganggap keadaan-keadaan di mana rezeki diperoleh, apabila keadaan-keadaan itu wujud, sebagai sebab-sebab bagi rezeki, dan tidak juga menganggap orang yang terlibat dalam keadaan-keadaan ini sebagai perantara yang melaluinya rezeki itu dibawa, kerana itu bercanggah dengan nas al-Quran yang pasti maknanya dan sahih sumbernya. Apabila sesuatu bercanggah dengan nas yang pasti maknanya dan sahih, seseorang wajib berpegang kepada nas yang pasti itu tanpa sebarang keraguan, dan semua pendapat lain ditolak demi satu pendapat (yang benar) itu. Oleh kerana apa sahaja yang dibuktikan dengan dalil yang qat'i datangnya daripada Allah ﷻ, dan seseorang wajib menerimanya serta menolak yang lain. Maka, kebenaran yang wajib dipatuhi oleh seorang Muslim ialah bahawa rezeki itu daripada Allah dan bukan daripada manusia.
Furthermore, it is not possible to consider the circumstances in which the rizq is procured, when they are present, as causes of rizq, nor to consider the person who engages in these circumstances as being the medium by which the rizq was brought because that contradicts the text of the Qur’ān which is definite in meaning and authenticity. When anything contradicts a text which is definite in meaning and authenticity, one is duty bound to adopt the definite text without any hesitation whatsoever, and all other opinions are rejected for the one (correct) opinion. Since anything that is proven from definitive evidence, it comes from Allah and one is obliged to adopt it and reject the others. Therefore, the truth to which the Muslim should submit is that the rizq is from Allah and not from human beings.
Terdapat banyak ayat yang dengan jelas menunjukkan - dan ia tidak terbuka kepada tafsiran - bahawa rezeki datang daripada Allah sahaja dan bukan daripada manusia. Inilah yang membuatkan kita yakin sepenuhnya bahawa apa yang kita lihat daripada cara dan kaedah rezeki itu datang, ia hanyalah keadaan-keadaan yang berlaku supaya rezeki itu dapat datang. Maka, Allah berfirman,
There are many ayāt which clearly show - and they are not open to interpretation - that rizq is from Allah only and not from human beings. This is what makes us absolutely certain that what we see from the styles and means by which the rizq comes, that they are only circumstances which occur so that the rizq may come. Thus, Allah says,
"Dan makanlah daripada rezeki yang telah dikurniakan Allah kepadamu" [TMQ Mā’idah: 88]
“And eat of the things which Allah has provided for you” [TMQ Mā’idah: 88]
"Siapakah yang menciptakan kamu, kemudian memberi rezeki kepadamu" [TMQ Rūm: 40]
“Who created you, then provided food for you” [TMQ Rūm: 40]
"Belanjakanlah sebahagian daripada rezeki yang telah dikurniakan Allah kepadamu" [TMQ Yā Sīn: 47]
“Spend of that which Allah has provided you” [TMQ Yā Sīn: 47]
Sesungguhnya Allah memberi rezeki kepada sesiapa yang Dia kehendaki [TMQ Imrān: 37]
“Verily Allah provides sustenance to whom He wills” [TMQ Imrān: 37]
"Allah memberi rezeki kepada mereka dan kepada kamu" [TMQ Ankabūt: 60]
“Allah provides for them and for you” [TMQ Ankabūt: 60]
Sesungguhnya Allah akan memberi rezeki kepada mereka [TMQ Hajj: 58]
“Surely Allah will provide for them” [TMQ Hajj: 58]
"Allah melapangkan rezeki bagi sesiapa yang Dia kehendaki" [TMQ Ra’d: 26]
“Allah increases the provision for whom He wills” [TMQ Ra’d: 26]
Maka carilah rezeki kamu daripada Allah (sahaja). [TMQ Ankabūt: 17]
“So seek your provision from Allah (alone)” [TMQ Ankabūt: 17]
"Dan tiada satu makhluk melata pun di bumi melainkan rezekinya adalah dari Allah." [TMQ Hūd: 6]
“And no moving creature is there on earth but its provision is upon from Allah” [TMQ Hūd: 6]
"Allah ialah Maha Pemberi Rezeki [al-Razzaq]" [TMQ Dhāriyāt: 58]
“Allah is the Provider [al-Razzaq]’ [TMQ Dhāriyāt: 58]
Selain daripada ini, terdapat banyak lagi ayat seperti ini. Ayat-ayat tersebut jelas maknanya dan sahih (tepat sumbernya), serta hanya membawa satu makna yang tidak terbuka kepada tafsiran, iaitu bahawa rezeki datangnya daripada Allah semata-mata, dan bahawa Allah semata-mata yang memberi rezeki [al-Razzāq]. Oleh itu, rezeki berada di tangan Allah semata-mata.
Apart from these there are many such ayāt. They are definite in meaning and authenticity and carry only one meaning which is not open to interpretation, namely, that rizq is from Allah alone, and that Allah alone is the one who provides sustenance [al-Razzāq]. Thus rizq is in the hands of Allah alone.
Namun, Allah telah memerintahkan hamba-hamba-Nya untuk melakukan tindakan-tindakan, dan mereka telah dikurniakan kemampuan untuk memilih untuk mengejar sebab-sebab yang menjadikan rezeki diperoleh. Merekalah yang harus berusaha, sesuai dengan pilihan mereka, dalam semua sebab-sebab tempat datangnya rezeki. Akan tetapi, sebab-sebab ini bukanlah penyebab rezeki, dan hamba-hamba bukanlah yang mendatangkan rezeki ini, sebagaimana dinyatakan dengan jelas dalam teks ayat-ayat. Sebaliknya, Allah-lah yang memberikan rezeki kepada mereka melalui sebab-sebab tersebut, tanpa mengira sama ada rezeki itu halal atau haram, sama ada Allah telah mewajibkan, melarang atau membolehkannya, dan tanpa mengira sama ada rezeki itu terhasil atau tidak. Meskipun begitu, Islam telah menjelaskan cara yang dibenarkan atau tidak dibenarkan bagi seorang Muslim untuk mengejar sebab-sebab memperoleh rezeki. Dengan itu, Islam menjelaskan cara-cara pemilikan, bukan sebab-sebab rezeki, dan membataskan pemilikan kepada cara-cara ini. Tidak dibenarkan bagi mana-mana Muslim untuk memiliki sebarang rezeki kecuali melalui cara yang sah, kerana hanya inilah rezeki yang halal, dan apa sahaja yang bertentangan dengannya adalah haram; walaupun rezeki itu - sama ada halal atau haram - adalah daripada Allah.
However, Allah has ordered His servants to undertake actions and they have been given the ability to choose to pursue the circumstances in which the rizq is procured. They are the ones who should pursue, in accordance with their choice, all of the circumstances in which the rizq comes. However, these circumstances are not the cause of rizq nor are the servants the ones who bring forth this rizq, as clearly stated in the text of the ayāt. Rather, Allah is the one who gives them their provision in these circumstances irrespective of whether the rizq is halāl or harām, whether Allah has obliged, forbade or permitted it, and irrespective of whether the rizq resulted or not. Nonetheless Islam has clarified the manner in which it is allowed or not allowed for the Muslim to pursue the circumstances in which rizq is obtained. Thus, it clarified the means of ownership and not the causes of rizq, and restricted ownership to these means. It is not permitted for any Muslim to possess any provisions except through a legal means because only this is the lawful rizq and anything which go against it is harām; even though the rizq - whether halāl or harām - is from Allah .
supaya mereka menyebut nama Allah atas binatang ternak yang telah Dia rezekikan kepada mereka sebagai makanan [TMQ Hajj: 34]
“That they may mention the name of Allah over the beast of cattle that He has given them for food” [TMQ Hajj: 34]
"Allah melapangkan rezeki bagi sesiapa yang Dia kehendaki" [TMQ Ra’d: 26]
“Allah increases the provision for whom He wills” [TMQ Ra’d: 26]
"Makanlah daripada perkara-perkara yang halal yang telah Kami rezekikan kepada kamu" [TMQ Baqarah: 172]
“Eat of the lawful things that We have provided you” [TMQ Baqarah: 172]
"Dan berilah mereka makan dan pakaian daripadanya" [TMQ Nisā’: 5]
And feed and clothe them therewith” [TMQ Nisā’: 5]
"Dan berikanlah kepada penduduknya buah-buahan." [TMQ Baqarah: 126]
“And provide its people with fruits” [TMQ Baqarah: 126]
"Makanlah dan minumlah daripada rezeki yang Allah telah kurniakan" [TMQ Baqarah: 60]
“Eat and drink of that which Allah has provided” [TMQ Baqarah: 60]
Ayat-ayat ini jelas dalam penggunaan kata nama 'rizq' bagi setiap perkara yang dimiliki seseorang, sama ada dia mengambil manfaat daripadanya atau tidak. Rizq tidak dikhususkan hanya kepada perkara yang diambil manfaat secara eksklusif, kerana ayat-ayatnya adalah umum dan petunjuknya juga umum. Tidak boleh dikatakan bahawa apabila seseorang mengambil wang kamu, sama ada melalui kecurian, perampasan secara paksa atau penggelapan, dia telah mengambil rizq kamu. Sebaliknya, hendaklah dikatakan bahawa dia telah mengambil rizqnya daripada kamu. Maka apabila seorang manusia memperoleh harta, dia telah mengambil rizqnya. Apabila harta itu diambil daripadanya, yang diambil bukanlah miliknya; sebaliknya, orang yang memperoleh harta itu telah mengambil rizqnya daripada dia. Tiada seorang pun mengambil rizq orang lain; sebaliknya, seseorang itu mengambil rizqnya sendiri daripada orang lain.
These verses are clear in their use of the noun ‘rizq’ for everything that a person owns, whether he derives benefit from it or not. Rizq has not been specified to only that from which benefit is derived exclusively, because the ayāt are general and their indications are general. It should not be said when someone takes your money from you, whether through stealing, forced appropriation or embezzlement, that he has taken your rizq from you. Rather it should be said that he took his rizq from you. So when a human being acquires wealth he has taken his rizq. When the wealth is taken from him, it is not his that is taken; rather the one who acquires the wealth has taken his rizq from him. No one takes the rizq of someone else; rather the person takes his own rizq from someone else.