23. Jizyah - Keperibadian Islam | Quran Course

23. Jizyah - Keperibadian Islam | Quran Course

Abu Ubaydah berkata: 'Kami berpandangan bahawa maksud Al-Hasan dengan orang Arab di sini ialah orang penyembah berhala dalam kalangan mereka yang bukan daripada Ahli Kitab. Adapun mereka dari kalangan Ahli Kitab, Rasulullah ﷺ memang menerima jizyah daripada mereka, dan perkara ini jelas dalam hadis-hadis.' Tidak thabit bahawa Nabi ﷺ mengambil jizyah daripada mana-mana penyembah berhala dari kalangan orang Arab, dan selepas turunnya ayat dalam Surah Al-Fath dan Surah At-Tawbah, baginda tidak menerima apa-apa selain Islam atau peperangan. Adapun riwayat mengenai baginda mengambil jizyah daripada orang Arab seperti penduduk Yaman dan penduduk Najran, sesungguhnya baginda hanya mengambilnya daripada Ahli Kitab, iaitu Kristian dan Yahudi. Baginda tidak mengambilnya daripada penyembah berhala dalam kalangan orang Arab. Wajib dijelaskan kepada mereka yang diterima jizyah daripadanya bahawa mereka diwajibkan membayar jizyah sekali setahun. Dan bahawa yang diambil daripada orang kaya ialah jumlah ini, dan daripada orang miskin ialah jumlah tertentu. Ia tidak diambil daripada orang miskin kerana firman Allah: "dengan tangan" iaitu berdasarkan kemampuan, dan ia tidak diambil daripada wanita dan kanak-kanak. Jizyah tidak diambil daripada mereka melainkan daripada lelaki dewasa yang mampu membayarnya. Diriwayatkan daripada Nafi', daripada Aslam, hamba Umar.

Abu Ubaydah said: ‘We view that Al-Hasan meant by the Arabs here the people of idols among them who were not of the People of the Book. As for those of the People of the Book, the Messenger of Allah (saw) did accept it (jizyah) from them and this is clear in the ahadith.’ It is not established that the Prophet (saw) took jizyah from any idol-worshipper from the Arabs, and he did not accept after the revelation of the ayah of (Surah) Al-Fath and Surah At-Tawbah other than Islam or war. As for what is narrated of his taking jizyah from the Arabs like the people of Yemen and the people of Najran, verily he only took it from the People of the Book, the Christians and Jews. He did not take it from the idol-worshippers among the Arabs. It is necessary to clarify to those from whom the jizyah is accepted that they are obliged once a year to pay the jizyah. And that what is taken from the rich is this amount, and from the poor is a specific amount. It is not taken from the poor due to Allah’s statement: “by hand” i.e. based on ability, and it is not taken from the women and children. Jizyah is not taken from them except from the mature man capable of paying it. It is narrated from Nafi from Aslam the slave of Umar