Dan daripadanya ialah apa yang diriwayatkan daripada 'Abd al-Rahmaan bin Ka'b bin Maalik bahawa 'Aamir bin Maalik, pemain mata panah, datang kepada Rasulullah ﷺ ketika dia masih musyrik dan menawarkan hadiah kepadanya, lalu Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda: "Aku tidak menerima hadiah daripada seorang musyrik." Diriwayatkan oleh al-Tabaraani. Hadis ini bercanggah dengan apa yang sabit tentang Nabi ﷺ bahawa baginda menerima hadiah daripada golongan musyrik dan memerintahkan supaya ia diterima. Daripada 'Ali (RA) bahawa beliau berkata: "Kisra (raja Parsi) menghantar hadiah kepada Rasulullah ﷺ, lalu baginda menerimanya daripadanya; dan Qaysar (raja Rom) menghantar hadiah kepadanya, lalu baginda menerimanya daripadanya; dan raja-raja menghantar hadiah kepadanya, lalu baginda menerima daripada mereka." Diriwayatkan oleh Ahmad. Dan daripada 'Aamir bin 'Abd Allah bin al-Zubayr, daripada ayahnya, bahawa beliau berkata: "Qutailah binti 'Abd al-'Uzza bin 'Abd As'ad dari (kabilah) Bani Maalik bin Hasal datang kepada anaknya Asmaa' binti Abi Bakr dengan membawa hadiah: biawak, keju dan minyak sapi, sedangkan dia seorang musyrik. Maka Asmaa' enggan menerima hadiahnya dan enggan membenarkannya masuk ke rumahnya. 'Aa'ishah bertanya kepada Nabi ﷺ, lalu Allah yang Maha Besar lagi Maha Perkasa menurunkan: {Allah tidak melarang kamu daripada berbuat baik dan berlaku adil terhadap orang-orang yang tidak memerangi kamu kerana agama dan tidak mengusir kamu dari negeri kamu, sesungguhnya Allah mengasihi orang-orang yang berlaku adil}. Maka baginda memerintahkannya supaya menerima hadiahnya dan membenarkannya masuk ke rumahnya." Diriwayatkan oleh Ahmad. Maka percanggahan itu kelihatan antara penerimaan Rasulullah ﷺ terhadap hadiah daripada musyrik dan penolakan baginda terhadap hadiah daripada musyrik. Penyelarasan antara keduanya ialah bahawa penolakan baginda terhadap hadiah daripada musyrik menunjukkan bahawa menerima hadiah adalah harus, bukan wajib dan bukan mandub, kerana Rasulullah ﷺ juga sering menolak banyak perkara yang harus; baginda enggan memakan dabb (biawak padang pasir) dan menyatakan apa yang menunjukkan bahawa baginda membencinya, dan baginda enggan memakan arnab. Daripada itu juga ialah apa yang diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari tentang wanita-wanita beriman yang berhijrah. Ketika Allah menurunkan firman-Nya tentang mereka: (Wahai orang-orang yang beriman, apabila wanita-wanita beriman datang kepadamu sebagai orang-orang yang berhijrah, maka periksalah mereka; Allah lebih mengetahui tentang keimanan mereka; kemudian jika kamu mengetahui bahawa mereka adalah orang-orang beriman, maka jangan kembalikan mereka kepada orang-orang kafir, mereka tidak halal bagi orang-orang kafir itu dan orang-orang kafir itu tidak halal bagi mereka …)
'Urwah berkata: 'Aisyah memberitahuku bahawa Rasulullah ﷺ biasa menguji mereka dengan ayat ini: (Wahai orang-orang yang beriman, apabila wanita-wanita beriman datang kepadamu sebagai orang-orang yang berhijrah, maka periksalah … (hingga) Allah Maha Pengampun, Maha Penyayang.
'Urwah berkata: 'Aisyah berkata: maka sesiapa dalam kalangan mereka yang mengakui syarat ini, Rasulullah ﷺ akan berkata kepadanya: Aku telah menerima baiah kamu, iaitu melalui perkataan baginda kepadanya. Demi Allah, tangan baginda ﷺ tidak pernah menyentuh tangan mana-mana wanita ketika mengambil baiah; baginda hanya mengambilnya dengan perkataan baginda." Diriwayatkan oleh Al-Bukhari.
Dan daripada Umaimah binti Ruqaiqah, beliau berkata: Aku datang kepada Rasulullah ﷺ bersama beberapa orang wanita yang membaiah baginda atas Islam. Mereka berkata: Wahai Rasulullah, kami membaiah tuan bahawa kami tidak akan mempersekutukan sesuatu dengan Allah dalam ibadah, kami tidak akan mencuri, kami tidak akan berzina, kami tidak akan membunuh anak-anak kami, kami tidak akan melakukan fitnah yang kami ada-adakan antara tangan dan kaki kami (dengan mendakwa anak-anak haram itu milik suami mereka), dan kami tidak akan menderhaka kepada tuan dalam perkara yang ma'ruf (yang diperintahkan oleh Islam). Maka Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda: Pada apa yang mampu dan tertanggung olehmu. Dia berkata: Mereka berkata: Allah dan Rasul-Nya lebih menyayangi kami daripada diri kami sendiri, maka biarlah kami membaiah tuan, wahai Rasulullah. Maka Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda: Aku tidak berjabat tangan dengan wanita. Percakapanku kepada seratus wanita sama seperti percakapanku kepada seorang wanita." Diriwayatkan oleh Malik. Al-Bukhari meriwayatkan daripada 'Urwah, daripada 'Aa'ishah (RA), beliau berkata: Dan tangan Rasulullah (SAW) tidak pernah menyentuh tangan mana-mana wanita kecuali wanita yang baginda miliki, maka hadis-hadis ini bercanggah dengan apa yang diriwayatkan oleh Al-Bukhari daripada Umm 'Atiyah, yang berkata: Kami membai'ah Nabi (SAW), lalu baginda membacakan kepada kami: (… bahawa mereka tidak akan mempersekutukan Allah dengan sesuatu pun …) dan baginda melarang kami daripada meratap dengan suara yang kuat. Kemudian seorang wanita dalam kalangan kami menarik tangannya seraya berkata: Si fulanah itu telah menggembirakan aku, dan aku ingin membalas jasanya, lalu baginda tidak berkata apa-apa. Hadis ini menunjukkan bahawa Rasulullah (ﷺ) menerima bai'ah wanita dengan berjabat tangan, kerana sabdanya: "kemudian seorang wanita dalam kalangan kami menarik tangannya …", yang bermaksud wanita-wanita yang bersamanya menarik tangan mereka, iaitu mereka melakukan bai'ah dengan tangan mereka, iaitu dengan berjabat tangan. Dan hadis Umaimah berbunyi: "Aku tidak berjabat tangan dengan wanita …" dan juga: "tangan baginda tidak pernah menyentuh tangan mana-mana wanita …". Maka terdapat percanggahan dalam perkara ini, kerana hadis bai'ah dengan berjabat tangan bercanggah dengan hadis yang menyatakan baginda tidak berjabat tangan dengan wanita. Penyelesaian antara hadis ini dengan hadis-hadis yang lain ialah bahawa penolakan Rasulullah ﷺ terhadap sesuatu perbuatan bukanlah larangan, maka ia menunjukkan bukan larangan berjabat tangan, sebaliknya ia menunjukkan bahawa Baginda menahan diri daripada salah satu perkara yang harus. Ia juga menjadi petunjuk bahawa perbuatan Baginda mengambil bai'ah daripada wanita dengan berjabat tangan itu bukanlah wajib, dan bukan juga mandub, tetapi ia mubah. Ini kerana sabda Rasulullah ﷺ bahawa Baginda tidak berjabat tangan bermaksud bukan bahawa Baginda melarang berjabat tangan, maka ia pasti bukan larangan, tetapi mungkin Baginda menghindarinya sebagaimana Baginda biasa menghindari banyak perkara yang harus. Sebagaimana Baginda menghindari menyimpan satu dirham atau satu dinar di dalam rumahnya semalaman, dan sebagaimana Baginda menghindari mendengar bunyi seruling gembala yang terdapat dalam hadis Nafi' daripada Ibnu 'Umar, dan Baginda tidak melarang gembala itu mahupun menegahnya, yang menunjukkan persetujuan Baginda, tetapi Baginda menghindari mendengarnya, dan sebagaimana Baginda menghindari memakan biawak dan arnab serta yang seumpamanya. Oleh itu, tidak ada percanggahan antara hadis Umaimah dengan hadis sebelumnya. Perhatian dalam hadis Umaimah hendaklah ditujukan kepada perkara itu. Syak wasangka tentang percanggahan di dalamnya hanyalah kerana hadis Ummu 'Atiyah mengenai bai'ah dengan berjabat tangan, kerana ia khusus bagi bai'ah, dan hadis-hadis itu juga khusus bagi bai'ah, maka timbullah syak wasangka percanggahan. Adapun dalil-dalil yang menunjukkan keharusan menyentuh wanita oleh lelaki, seperti firman Allah {أَوْ لَامَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ} "atau kamu telah menyentuh perempuan …" dan dalam satu bacaan: "atau kamu telah menyentuh perempuan …", Surah Al-Nisa' ayat 43, ia menunjukkan melalui dalalah isyarat keharusan lelaki menyentuh wanita. Maka tidak ada syak wasangka percanggahan antara hadis Umaimah dengan ayat ini kerana ayat ini umum bagi setiap sentuhan, manakala hadis Umaimah khusus dalam bai'ah.
And from that is what was narrated from Abd Al-Rahmaan Ibn Ka'b Ibn Maalik that 'Aamir Ibn Maalik the arrowhead player came to the Messenger of Allah (SAW) when he was polytheist and offered him a gift, the Messenger said: I do not accept a polytheist's gift" compiled by Al-Tabaraani. This hadeeth conflicts what is affirmed about the Prophet (SAW) that he accepted the gift from the polytheists and commanded to accept it. From Ali (RAA) that he said: Kisra (the king of Persia sent a gift to the Messenger of Allah (SAW) and he accepted it from him, and Qaysar (the king of the roman) sent a gift to him and he accepted it from him, and kings sent gifts to him and he accepted from them" compiled by Ahmad. And from 'Aamir Bn Abd Allah Bn Al-zubayr from his father that he said: Qutailah Ibnat Abd al-'uzza Ibn Abd As'ad from (the tribe of) Bany Maalik Ibn Hasal came to her daughter Asmaa' Ibnat Abi Bakr with gifts: lizards, cheese and ghee, and she was polytheist, so Asmaa' refused to accept her gift and to let her enter her house. 'Aa'ishah asked the Prophet (SAW), then Allah the Great and Almighty revealed down: Allah forbids you not, with regard to those who fight you not for (your) Faith nor drive you out of your homes, from dealing kindly and justly with them: for Allah loves those who are just). So he commanded her to accept her gift, and to allow her enter her house" compiled by Ahmad. So the conflict appears between the Messenger's acceptance the gift from the polytheist and his refusal the gift from the polytheist. The reconciling between them is that his refusal of the gift from the mushrik is an indication that accepting the gift is permissible, and neither a waajib nor a mandoob, because the Messenger used to refuse many of the permissible, he refused to eat from the dab lizard and said what denotes that he detests it, and he refused to eat the rabbit. From that also is what the Bukhari narrated about the believers migrated said he women When Allah sent down about them: (O you who believe, when believing women come to you as emigrants, examine them; Allah knows best as to their faith, then if you ascertain that they are true believers; do not return them back to the disbelievers, they are not lawful (wives) for the them nor are the disbelievers lawful (husbands) for them …) 'Urwah said: 'Aa'ishah told me: that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) used to examine them by this Aayah, (O you who believe, when believing women come to you as emigrants, examine … (to) Allah is Oft-Forgiving, most Merciful. 'Urwah said: 'Aa'ishah said: so any woman of them acknowledges this condition, the Messenger of Allah (SAW) used to tell her: I have taken your pledge (bai'ah), that is by talking he says it to her, by Allah his hand did not touch the hand of any woman while taking the pledge, he only took it by his talk" compiled by Al-Bukhari. And from Umaimah the daughter of Raqiqah that she said: I came to the Messenger of Allah (SAW) with some women whom gave him the pledge (bai'ah) on Islam, they said: O Messenger of Allah, we give you the pledge that we will not associate anything in worship with Allah, we will not steal, we will not commit unlawful sexual intercourse, we will not kill our children, we will not utter slander that we forge it between our hands and our feet (by claiming that unlawful children belong to their husbands), and we do not disobey you in ma'roof (that which Islam commands), then the Messenger (SAW) said: In that which is possible and bearable for you, she said: they said: Allah and His Messenger are more merciful to us than ourselves, let us give you the bai'ah O Rasoul Allah, then Rasoul Allah said: I do not shake hands with women, my talk to a hundred women is like my talk to one woman" compiled by Maalik. Al-Bukhari narrated from 'Urwah from 'Aa'ishah (RA) she said: And the hand of the Messenger of Allah (SAW) did not touch the hand of any woman except a woman that he possessed", so these ahaadeeth conflict that which Al-Bukhari narrated from Um 'Atiyah that said she We pledged the Prophet (SAW) then he recited to us: (… that they do not associate anything in worship with Allah…) and he forbade the loud weeping for us, then a woman from among us withdrew her hand then said: she so-and-so made me happy, and I want to repay her, then he did not say anything". This hadeeth denotes that the Messenger accepted the women's bai'ah by shaking hands for her saying: "then a woman from among us withdrew her hand …" which means that the women who were with her withdrew not their hands, meaning that they performed the bai'ah by their hands, i.e. by hands shake. And the hadeeth of Umaimah says: " I do not shake hands with women …" and says: َ his hand did not touch the hand of any woman …", so there is conflict in that, because the hadeeth of the bai'ah with the hands shake conflicts with the hadeeth that he did not shake hands with women. The reconciliation between this hadeeth and the other ahaadeeth is that the refusal of the Messenger of doing an action is not a forbiddance, so it denotes not the forbiddance of the hands shake, by it is his abstention from one of the permissible, and it is an indication that his action of taking the bai'ah from the women by the hands shake is not waajib, nor is it mandoob, but it is mubaah, because the saying of the Messenger (SAW) that he does not shake hands means not that he forbade the hands shake, so it is definitely not a forbiddance, but possibly he avoided it as he used to avoid many of the permissible, as he avoided to keep a dirham or a dinar overnight in his house, and as he avoided to hear the shepherd's pipe that is in the hadeeth of Naafi' from Ibn 'Omar, and he did not forbid the shepherd nor did he restrain him, which denotes his approval but he avoided hearing it, and as he avoided eating the lizard and the rabbit and the likes. Accordingly there is no conflict between the hadeeth of Umaimah and the hadeeth before it. The attention in the hadeeth of Umaimah should be drawn to that, the suspicion of the conflict in it is only because of the hadeeth of Um Atiyah about the bai'ah by the hands shake, because it is specific for the bai'ah, and those ahaadeeth are also specific for the bai'ah, therefore there is a conflict suspicion, and as for the evidences that denote the permissibility of touching Aayah the like or you have been in contact with women …" and in a recitation: or you have touched the women …" 43 Surat Al-Nisaa', it denotes by the signal denotation the permissibility of touching the woman by the man, so there is no conflict suspicion between the hadeeth of Umaimah and this Aayah because this is general for every touch, and the hadeeth of Umaimah is specific in the bai'ah.