Artikel 32

Article 32

by Sheikh Taqiuddin An-Nabahani1 min readViewed 192 times

Jika jawatan Khilafah menjadi kosong disebabkan kematian pemimpinnya, peletakan jawatannya atau pemecatannya, maka wajib melantik seorang Khalifah dalam tempoh tiga hari dari tarikh jawatan Khilafah itu menjadi kosong.

If the position of the Khilafah becomes vacant due to the death of its leader, his resignation or his removal, it is obligatory to appoint a Khalifah within three days from the date that the position of the Khilafah became vacant.

Melantik Khalifah menjadi wajib sebaik sahaja Khalifah sebelumnya meninggal dunia atau dilucutkan jawatan. Namun, dibenarkan pelantikan itu berlaku dalam tempoh tiga hari dengan malam-malamnya selagi ia disebabkan oleh usaha untuk mencapainya. Jika ia mengambil masa lebih daripada tiga malam dan Khalifah masih belum dilantik, maka perkara itu dinilai seperti berikut: jika kaum Muslimin sedang berusaha untuk menegakkannya tetapi tidak dapat mencapainya dalam had masa tiga malam kerana keadaan yang mendesak yang mereka tidak mampu atasi, maka dosa itu diangkat daripada mereka kerana mereka sibuk berusaha untuk menegakkan kewajipan tersebut dan terpaksa melewatkan penegakannya disebabkan apa sahaja yang memaksa mereka. Diriwayatkan oleh Ibn Hibban dan Ibn Majah daripada Ibn Abbas: Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda:

Appointing the Khalifah becomes obligatory from the moment that the previous Khalifah dies or is removed. However, it is permitted for the appointment to occur within three days with their nights as long as it is due to working to achieve it. If it takes longer than three nights and the Khalifah has still not been appointed, then the issue is considered – if the Muslims are working to establish it but are unable to achieve that during the three night time limit due to overwhelming circumstances that they are unable to overcome, then the sin is lifted from them since they are busy working to establish the obligation and are compelled to delay its establishment due to whatever forced them. It is reported from Ibn Hibban and Ibn Maja from Ibn Abbas: the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said:

. » إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَضَعَ عَنْ أُمَّتِي الْخَطَأَ وَالنِّسْيَانَ وَمَا اسْ تُكْرِهُوا عَلَيْهِ « .

Sesungguhnya Allah telah memaafkan bagi umatku: kesilapan mereka, kelupaan mereka, dan apa yang mereka terpaksa lakukan.” Jika mereka tidak sibuk dengan urusan-urusan yang amat berat seperti itu, maka tempoh yang paling lama dibenarkan bagi pelantikan itu ialah tiga hari dengan malam-malamnya.

“Verily Allah has pardoned for my Ummah: their mistakes, their forgetfulness, and that which they have been forced to do”. If they were not made busy with such overwhelming issues, then the most time allowed for the appointment is three days with their nights.

Dalil bagi kewajipan untuk segera berusaha menegakkan Bai'ah kepada Khalifah semata-mata kerana kekosongan jawatan Khilafah ialah Ijma' para sahabat. Mereka segera bergegas berkumpul di Saqifah Bani Sa'idah selepas kewafatan Rasulullah ﷺ pada hari itu juga dan sebelum pengebumiannya, dan Bai'ah al-In'iqad diselesaikan pada hari yang sama bersama Abu Bakr (ra), dan keesokan harinya orang ramai berkumpul di masjid untuk memberikan Bai'ah ketaatan (Bai'ah al-Ta'ah).

The evidence for the obligation of immediately working to establish the pledge of allegiance (Bay’a) to the Khalifah due only to the vacation of the position of the Khilafah is the Ijma’ of the companions. They immediately hurried to gather at Saqifa Bani Sa‘idah after the death of the Messenger (pbuh) on the same day and before his burial, and the pledge of contracting (Bay'at Al- In‘iqad) was completed on the same day with Abu Bakr (ra), and the next day the people gathered in the mosque to give the pledge of obedience (Bay'at Al-ta‘ah).

Had hadkan tempoh tiga hari untuk menetapkan pelantikan Khalifah adalah kerana apabila jelas bahawa Umar (ra) akan mati akibat luka tikamannya, beliau menyerahkan urusan pelantikan penggantinya kepada ahli Shura, dan menghadkan mereka kepada tiga hari. Beliau kemudian memerintahkan bahawa jika Khalifah tidak dipersetujui dalam tempoh tiga hari, maka mereka yang berbeza pendapat selepas tiga hari itu hendaklah dibunuh. Beliau melantik lima puluh orang daripada kalangan kaum Muslimin untuk melaksanakan perkara ini, iaitu untuk membunuh orang yang membangkang, walaupun mereka itu daripada kalangan sahabat-sahabat senior. Semua ini dilihat dan didengar oleh para sahabat, dan tiada seorang pun daripada mereka yang menegurnya, padahal lazimnya sesuatu yang serupa dengannya adalah tercela. Oleh itu, ia dianggap sebagai Ijma' para sahabat bahawa tidak dibenarkan jawatan Khalifah dibiarkan kosong lebih daripada tiga hari, dan Ijma' para sahabat adalah dalil Islam dalam kedudukan yang sama seperti Al-Quran dan Sunnah.

Limiting the time to establish the appointment of the Khalifah to three days is due to that when it became apparent that Umar (ra) was going to die from his stab wound, he delegated the issue of appointment of his successor to the people of Shura, and limited them to three days, and then commissioned that if the Khalifah was not agreed upon within the three days, those who differed after the three days should be killed. He appointed fifty men from the Muslims in order to execute this - in other words, to kill the dissenter, even though they were from the senior companions, and all of this was seen and heard by the companions and none of them rebuked it even though normally anything similar to it would have been reproachable, so it is considered an Ijma’ of the companions that it is not permitted for the position of Khalifah to be left vacant for more than three days, and the Ijma’ of the companions is an Islamic evidence in the same manner as the Quran and the Sunnah.

Al-Bukhari meriwayatkan daripada Al-Miswar bin Makhramah yang berkata:

Al-Bukhari reported through Al-Miswar Bin Makhramah who said:

. طَرَقَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بَ عْدَ هَجْعٍ مِنْ اللَّيْلِ، فَضَرَبَ الْبَابَ حَتَّى اسْ تَ يْ قَظْتُ، « » فَ قَالَ أَرَاكَ نَائِمًا، فَ وَاللَّهِ مَا اكْتَحَلْتُ هَذِهِ اللَّيْ لَةَ بِكَبِيرِ نَ وْمٍ .

"Abdur-Rahman datang menemuiku setelah sebahagian malam berlalu, lalu mengetuk pintuku sehingga aku bangun. Dia berkata kepadaku, "Aku nampak engkau sedang tidur! Demi Allah, sepanjang tiga malam yang lalu aku tidak cukup tidur." Dan Ibn Kathir menyebutkannya dalam kitab Al-Bidayah wa ’l-Nihayah.

“Abdur-Rahman called on me after a portion of the night had passed and knocked on my door till I got up, and he said to me, "I see you have been sleeping! By Allah, during the last three nights I have not slept enough”. And Ibn Kathir mentioned in the book Al-Bidayah wa ’l-Nihayah.

. )فلما كانت الليلة التي يسفر صباحها عن اليوم الرابع من موت عمر، جاء عبد الرحمن بن عوف إلى منزل ابن أخته المسور بن مخرمة فقال: أنائم يا مسور؟ - - والله لَم أغتمض بكثير نوم منذ ثلاث ...( .

“Apabila malam yang paginya merupakan hari keempat selepas kematian Umar tiba, ‘Abd Al-Rahman Bin ‘Auf datang ke rumah anak saudaranya Al-Miswar Bin Makhramah lalu berkata: “Engkau sedang tidur, wahai Miswar? Demi Allah, aku tidak tidur banyak sejak tiga malam yang lalu” - iaitu, tiga malam yang terakhir itu. Apabila orang ramai menunaikan solat Subuh, baiat dengan ‘Uthman (ra) pun selesai.”

“When the night whose morning would have been the fourth day after the death of Umar, ‘Abd Al-Rahman Bin ‘Auf came to the house of his nephew Al-Miswar Bin Makhramah and said “You are sleeping O Miswar? By Allah I did not get much sleep for the last three” - in other words, the last three nights and when the people prayed the Morning Prayer the pledge with ‘Uthman (ra) was completed.