问题150:安拉至尊在祂的经典中、借祂的使者之口、并通过祂的属性告知我们:祂喜爱行善者、敬畏者和有耐心者,祂悦纳信道并行善功者。祂厌恶不信道者和悖逆者,祂不因祂的仆人的不信或其作恶而满意。然而这一切都只能按照安拉的意志和意愿而发生;如果是出于祂的意志,这些事情都不会发生,因为在祂的主权之下,若无祂的允许和意志,任何事都不会出现。那么,对于那些说"怎么能够理解:安拉意欲并希望祂所厌恶或不想要的事情"的人,应当如何回答?
Q 150: Allah the Almighty informed us in His Book, on the tongue of His Messenger, and through His Attributes that He loves the charitable, pious and patient ones and that He is pleased with those who believed and observed good deeds. And that He dislikes the disbelievers and the transgressors and He does not satisfy Himself with the disbelief of His slaves or their mischief. Though all this is only done by the Will of Allah and His Wish and that had it been His .Will, nothing of these would have been done as nothing can be observed throughout His Dominion without His Consent and Will. So, what should the answer be to the one who says: How can it be heeded that Allah wills and wishes what He dislikes or does not want?
A---应当知道，经文中所提到的"意志"（al-Mashī'ah）有两种含义：
A--- One should know that "the Will" mentioned in the texts is of two meanings:
(a) 普遍前定意志:指真主的意志,它与爱或喜悦无关,但包含不信、信仰、顺从的善功、违逆的恶行、令人满意的行为、所喜爱的事物以及所厌恶的事物等。这种"意志"无人能够逃避,无论信士还是不信者,都不可避免。至高无上的真主说:{凡是真主欲使他遵循正道的人,真主就使他的胸怀向伊斯兰敞开;凡是真主欲使他迷误的人,真主就使他的胸怀狭窄郁闷}。(《牲畜》,125)
(a) A Universal Pre-ordainment Will: which is the Divine Will that has no correlation with love or pleasantness, but, it implies disbelief, faith, deeds of obedience, deeds of disobedience, satisfactory deeds, what is beloved, and what is disliked, etc. This type of "Will" can not be escaped by anyone - believer and disbeliever -; it is inevitable. Almighty Allah says: {And whomsoever Allah wills to guide, He opens his breast to Islam; and whomsoever He wills to send astray, He makes his breast closed and constricted}. (Al-An' am, 125)
安拉至高无上说:{谁若被安拉欲使他陷入迷误(因他拒绝信仰而陷入迷误),你对于安拉,绝不能为他做什么。那些人,安拉不欲洁净他们的心(使其脱离不信与伪信)}。(筵席章,41节)
Allah the Almighty says: {And whomsoever Allah wants to put in AlFitnah [error, because of his rejecting of Faith), you can do nothing for him against Allah. Those are the ones whose hearts Allah does not want to purify (from disbelief and hypocrisy)}. (AlMa'idah, 41)
(b) 法定宗教意志:指真主所喜爱和悦纳之事,真主据此命令祂的仆人行善、禁止他们作恶。至能的真主说:{真主意欲你们容易,不意欲你们艰难}。(《黄牛》章,185节)
(b) A Legal Religious Will: which is concerned with what is pleasant and beloved by Allah, and according to which, He ordered and forbade His slaves. Almighty Allah says: {Allah intends for you ease, and He does not want to make things difficult for you}. (Al-Baqarah, 185)
真主至高无上说：{真主欲为你们阐明（何者合法，何者非法），并引导你们走向先前之人的道路，接受你们的悔罪，真主是全知的，是至睿的}。（《妇女章》，第26节）
Allah the Almighty says: {Allah wishes to make clear (what is lawful and what is unlawful) to you and to show you the ways of those before you, and accept your repentance, and Allah is All-Knower, All-Wise}. (An-Nisa', 26)
普遍意志在等级上居首。由此，就顺从的信士而言，普遍意志与宗教意志相互契合；而就违抗的不信者而言，则只存在普遍意志。
The Universal Will comes first in rank. In this way, the Universal and the Religious Wills correlate in regard to the obedient believer; whereas only the Universal one can be found in regard to the disobedient disbeliever.
鉴于安拉至高无上，祂号召祂所有的仆人使祂喜悦，但祂只引导其中祂所意欲的人。祂，赞美属于祂，说：
As, Allah the Almighty called upon all His slaves to please Him, but He guided from among them only those He willed. He, all Praise is His, says:
《200 个关于穆斯林信仰的常见问答》——谢赫哈菲兹·伊本·艾哈迈德·哈凯米
Reference: 200 FAQ On Muslims Belief - Shiekh Hafiz Ibn Ahmed Al Hakami