问:先知穆罕默德ﷺ去世之后,哈里发制度持续了多少年?
Q 210: How many years did the Caliphate last after Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)?
A--- 艾布·达伍德及其他人转述,赛义德·本·贾姆汗述自赛福奈(Safinah)的话:"安拉的使者ﷺ说:"
A--- Narrated Abu Dawud and others on the authority of Sa'id Ibn Jamhan after Safinah as saying: Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) says:
“先知之后的哈里发制度将持续三十年,之后真主将王权赐予祂所意欲的人。”(提尔米兹、艾布·达伍德、艾哈迈德和哈基姆辑录)
"The Caliphate after Prophethood will last for thirty years, then Allah grants kingship to whom He wills." (At-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, Ahmed and Al-Hakim)
这意味着这一时期包括阿布·伯克尔、欧麦尔、奥斯曼和阿里的统治时期,愿真主喜悦他们所有人。阿布·伯克尔在位两年零三个月,欧麦尔在位十年零六个月,奥斯曼在位十二年,阿里在位四年零九个月,而三十年的圆满则以为哈桑·伊本·阿里所进行的效忠宣誓(Bai'ah)来完成,即六个月。
This implies the period lasted by Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman and `Ali, may Allah be pleased with them all. Abu Bakr stayed for two years and three months, 'Umar for ten years and six months, 'Uthman for twelve years, `Ali for four years and nine months, and in completion of the thirty years comes the Bai'ah (Pledge of allegiance) given for Al-Hasan Ibn 'Ali, that is six months.
第一位穆斯林君主是穆阿维叶(愿安拉喜悦他),他是他们之中最优秀的。此后出现了严酷而不公正的统治,直到欧麦尔·本·阿卜杜勒·阿齐兹出现。事实上,逊尼派穆斯林学者视他为第五位哈里发,因为他完全遵循了前四位哈里发的道路。
The first Muslim king was Mu'awiyah (May Allah be pleased with him) who was the best among them all. Then, followed a severe and unjust kingship, up till the time when `Umar Ibn 'Abdel'Aziz came. Indeed, the Sunni Muslim scholars regarded him as the fifth Caliph as he followed their (the previous four ones) very steps.
《200道关于穆斯林信仰的问答》——谢赫哈菲兹·伊本·艾哈迈德·哈凯米
Reference: 200 FAQ On Muslims Belief - Shiekh Hafiz Ibn Ahmed Al Hakami