问209:在圣门弟子中,谁是最优秀的?请详细说明。
Q 209: Who is the best amongst the companions of the Prophet (Peace be upon him) in details?
A--- 伊本·欧麦尔(愿真主喜悦他们二人)传述:“在先知(ﷺ)在世时,我们认为艾布·伯克尔是无与伦比的,其次是欧麦尔,其次是奥斯曼(在优越性上紧随其后);之后我们不区分先知的众同伴。”(《布哈里圣训实录》) him):“当我在洞中时,我对先知(ﷺ)说:‘如果他们中有人低头看自己的脚下,就会看见我们。’他说:‘艾布·伯克尔啊!你认为两个人,而第三者是真主,那会怎样呢?’”(布哈里与穆斯林) him):先知(ﷺ)说:“如果我要选择一位挚友(Khalil),我就会选择艾布·伯克尔,但他是我的兄弟和我的同伴(在伊斯兰中)。”(布哈里与穆斯林)
A--- Narrated Ibn 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with them): "During the lifetime of the Prophet (Peace be upon him) we considered Abu Bakr as peerless and then`Umar and then' Uthman (coming next to him in superiority) and then we used not to differentiate between the companions of the Prophet.”(Sahih Al-Bukhari) him): "I said to the Prophet (Peace be upon him) while I was in the Cave. "If any of them should look under his feet, he would see us. "He said: "O Abu Bakr! What do you think of two (persons) the third of whom is Allah?" (Bukhari and Muslim) him): The Prophet (Peace be upon him) says: "If I were to take a Khalil, I would have taken Abu Bakr, but he is my brother and my companion (in Islam)." (Bukhari and Muslim)
先知ﷺ说:"安拉派我到你们这里来,你们却对我说:‘你在撒谎。’而艾布·伯克尔说:‘他说的是实话。’他以自己和他的财产安慰了我。”然后他说了两遍:"你们难道不愿停止伤害我的同伴吗?"此后,再没有人伤害艾布·伯克尔。(《布哈里圣训实录》)
The Prophet (Peace be upon him) says: "Allah sent me (as a Prophet) to you (people) but you said (to me), 'You are telling a lie,’ while Abu Bakr said: 'He has said the truth, and consoled me with himself and his money.” He then said twice, "Won't you then give up harming my companion?" After that nobody harmed Abu Bakr. (Sahih Al-Bukhari)
先知(愿主赐他平安)说到狼与母牛说话的事时:“我信这件事,阿布·伯克尔和欧麦尔也信。”(布哈里和穆斯林辑录)
The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said regarding the speaking of the wolf and the cow, "But I believe in it and so do Abu Bakr and 'Umar. " (Bukhari and Muslim)
安拉的使者(愿主赐福他,并使他平安)说:"欧麦尔的儿子啊!指着掌握我生命的那一位起誓,撒旦从不会遇到你走在某条道路上,而不改走你所走之外的另一条道路。"(布哈里和穆斯林圣训实录) 艾布·胡莱赖(愿安拉喜悦他)传述:安拉的使者ﷺ说:"在你们之前的民族中,曾有一些受到启示的人(他们虽不是先知)。如果我的追随者中有这样的人,那就是欧麦尔。"(布哈里和穆斯林圣训实录)
Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) says: "O Ibn Al-Khattab! By Him in Whose Hands my life is! Never does Satan find you going on a way, but he takes another way other than yours.”(Bukhari and Muslim) Narrated Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him): Allah's Messenger says: "Among the nations before you there used to be people who were inspired (though they were not Prophets). And if there is any of such a persons amongst my followers, it is 'Umar.” (Bukhari and Muslim)
在乌斯曼·本·阿凡前往麦加、参加"里德万誓约"之前,"安拉的使者ﷺ伸出他的右手说:'这是乌斯曼的手。'然后他用这只手拍打自己的另一只手,说:'这(效忠誓约)是代表乌斯曼的。'"(《圣训实录》,布哈里辑录)
When `Uthman Ibn 'Affan went to Mecca prior the Pledge of Ar-Ridwan, "Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) held out his right hand saying, 'This is 'Uthman's hand.’ He stroke his (other) hand with it saying, 'This (pledge of allegiance) is on the behalf of `Uthman.” (Sahih Al-Bukhari)
他(愿主赐其平安)说:"谁开凿了鲁迈赫井,谁将进入天堂。"于是奥斯曼开凿了它。然后,他(愿主赐其平安) Wait: rules say write ﷺ after every mention of the Prophet, instead of written-out honorific. So the translation should use ﷺ instead of "(愿主赐其平安)". 他ﷺ说:"谁开凿了鲁迈赫井,谁将进入天堂。"于是奥斯曼开凿了它。然后,他ﷺ
He (Peace be upon him) says: "Whosoever digs the well of Rumah, he will enter Paradise" then 'Uthman dug it. Then, he (Peace be upon him)
“谁为‘困难之军’(即塔布克之役)的军队提供补给,谁就会进入乐园。”(《沙希布·布哈里圣训集》)
said: "Whosoever makes provisions for the Army of Al'Usrah (the Battle of Tabuk), he will enter Paradise.” (Sahih Al-Bukhari)
安拉的先知ﷺ说:"难道我不应当羞怯于那使天使也感到羞怯的人吗?"(《圣训实录》)
Allah's Prophet (Peace be upon him) says: "Shouldn't I become shy of the one of whom the Angels became shy.” (Sahih Muslim)
安拉的使者ﷺ对阿里·本·阿比·塔利卜说:“你与我同源,我与你同源。”(一段可靠的圣训)
Allah's Prophet (Peace be upon him) said to 'Ali Ibn Abu Talib, "You are (a part) from me, and I am (a part) from you.” (An Authentic Hadith)
先知(愿主赐福并平安)告诉我们,阿里·伊本·艾卜·塔利布爱真主和祂的使者,也为真主和祂的使者所爱。真主的先知(愿主赐福并平安)说:"凡我作其主保的人,阿里也是他的主保。"(艾哈迈德和提尔米兹圣训集)
The Prophet (Peace be upon him) informed us that `Ali Ibn Abu Talib loves Allah and His Messenger, and that he is loved by Allah and His Messenger Allah's Prophet (Peace be upon him) says: "Whom so ever I am his master, 'Ali is his master.” (Ahmed and At-Tirmidhi)
先知(愿主赐他平安)说:"难道你不满意与我的关系就如同哈伦与穆萨的关系一样吗?只是我之后不会再有先知。"(布哈里和穆斯林圣训集)
The Prophet (Peace be upon him) says: "Aren't you satisfied with being unto me what Aaron was unto Moses but with this exception that there would be no Prophet after me.” (Bukhari and Muslim)
"安拉的使者ﷺ说:"有十人将进入天堂:先知ﷺ将进入天堂,艾布·伯克尔将进入天堂,欧麦尔将进入天堂,奥斯曼将进入天堂,阿里将进入天堂,塔勒哈将进入天堂,祖拜尔·伊本·阿瓦姆将进入天堂,赛阿德·伊本·马立克将进入天堂,阿卜杜勒·拉哈曼·伊本·欧夫将进入天堂。"(艾哈迈德、提尔米兹、艾布·达五德辑录)赛义德·伊本·宰德说:"如果你们愿意,我可以说出第十人,即他自己。"愿安拉都喜悦他们!安拉的使者ﷺ说:"我的乌玛中对我的乌玛最怀慈悲的是艾布·伯克尔,在权利方面最为严格的是……"
Allah's Prophet (Peace be upon him) says: "Ten (persons) will enter Paradise: the Prophet will enter Paradise, Abu Bakr will enter Paradise, 'Umar will enter Paradise, 'Uthman will enter Paradise, 'Ali will enter Paradise, Talha will enter Paradise, AzZubair Ibn Al-'Awwam will enter Paradise, Sa'd Ibn Malik will enter Paradise, and `Abdur-Rahman Ibn 'Auf will enter Paradise.” (Ahmed, At-Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud) Sa'id Ibn Zaid said: 'If you wish, I would name the tenth, i.e. himself.' May Allah be pleased with them all! Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) says: "The most merciful among my Ummah towards my Ummah is Abu Bakr, the severest (in rights)
在安拉的宗教方面最有学问的是欧麦尔,最谦虚的是奥斯曼,对于合法与非法最有学识的是穆阿兹·本·哲白勒,诵读安拉经典最好的是伍贝伊,对继承法最有学识的是栽德·本·萨比特,每个乌玛都有一位信托者,而这个乌玛的信托者是艾布·欧拜代·本·哲拉赫。”(提尔米兹、艾哈迈德、伊本·罕拔尔圣训集)
pertaining to Allah's Religion is 'Umar, the most modest is 'Uthman, the most knowledgeable about what is lawful and unlawful is Mu'adh Ibn Jabal, the best reciter of Allah's Book is Ubaiy, the most knowledgeable about the laws of inheritance is Zaid Ibn Thabit, and for each Ummah there is a trustee, and the trustee of this Ummah is Abu`Ubaidah Ibn AlJarrah.”(At- Tirmidhi, Ahmed and Ibn Hibban)
真主的使者ﷺ论及哈桑和侯赛因时说:"这两人是乐园居民中青年的领袖,他们是我的两朵香花。"(引自《布哈里圣训实录》)
Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) said pertaining to Al-Hasan and Al-Husain that both are masters of the young men from the residents of Paradise and that they are his two basils. (Quoted from Sahih Bukhari)
他ﷺ说:"真主啊!我爱他们,求你也爱他们。"(布哈里和穆斯林圣训实录)
He (Peace be upon him) says: "O Allah! I love them, so (please) love them." (Bukhari and Muslim)
有一次,先知ﷺ带着哈桑出来,与他一同登上讲台,说道:“我的这个儿子是一位赛义德(即领袖),我希望真主助他使穆斯林的两个群体重归和好。”(《布哈里圣训实录》)
Once the Prophet brought out Al-Hasan and took him up the pulpit along with him and said: "This son of mine is a Sayid (i.e. chief) and I hope that Allah will help him bring about reconciliation between two Muslim groups.” (Sahih Bukhari)
他(愿主赐福他并使他平安)论及他们的母亲法蒂玛时说:"她是天堂中所有女性的主妇。"(布哈里和穆斯林辑录)
He (Peace be upon him) said regarding their mother, Fatimah that she is "The mistress of all the ladies of Paradise." (Bukhari and Muslim)
然而,先知(愿主赐福并使其平安)的同伴们的美德与德行不可胜数。肯定其中任何一位的某项美德,并不意味着他在除四位正统哈里发之外的各方面都远超他们所有人。前三位的地位,是基于前面提到的、由伊本·欧麦尔传述的圣训。至于阿里·伊本·艾比·talib,早期的逊尼派学者一致认为,他是继他们之后地上最优秀的第四人。
However, countless are the merits and virtues of the companions of the Prophet (Peace be upon him). Affirming a virtue to any of them does not necessitate that he is far and above them all in every aspect save the four Rightly-guided Caliphs. The first three are due to the Hadith mentioned earlier and narrated by Ibn 'Umar. As for `Ali Ibn Abu Talib, the earlier Sunni scholars unanimously agreed upon that he was the fourth after them as the best creatures on earth.
《200 个关于穆斯林信仰的问答》——谢赫·哈菲兹·伊本·艾哈迈德·哈卡米
Reference: 200 FAQ On Muslims Belief - Shiekh Hafiz Ibn Ahmed Al Hakami