问:命令善行、禁止恶行的责任归谁?它有哪些层次?
Q 220: Whose is the duty of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil? What are its ranks?
“A” ——安拉至高无上说:{你们中间当有一群人,号召人们行善(伊斯兰),劝人行善(即Al-Ma'ruf)
A--- Allah the Almighty says: {Let there arise out of you a group of people inviting to all that is good (Islam), enjoining Al-Ma'ruf (i.e.
伊斯兰的一神教以及伊斯兰所命令的一切(善),并禁止“al-Munkar”(即多神崇拜、不信,以及伊斯兰所禁止的一切)。{他们才是成功的人。}(《阿里·伊姆兰》,104)
Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam orders one to do) and forbidding Al-Munkar (polytheism and disbelief and all that Islam has forbidden). And it is they who are the successful}. (Al 'Imran, 104)
阿布·赛义德·胡德里(愿安拉喜悦他)传述:我听到安拉的使者(愿主赐他平安)说:"你们中谁看见了恶事,就应当用手改正它;如果没有能力用手改正,就应当用舌头去改正;如果没有能力用舌头,那就应当在心里憎恶它,而这是信仰最微弱的程度。"(《穆斯林圣训实录》)
Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri (May Allah be pleased with him) narrated, I heard the Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) as saying: "He who amongst you sees something abominable should modify it with the help of his hand; and if he has not strength enough to do it, then he should do it with his tongue, and if he has not strength enough to do it, (even) then he should (abhor it) from his heart, and that is the least of faith. " (Sahih Muslim)
关于这一问题,有无数的证据和论据,都表明对于见到恶行的人来说,劝善戒恶是必须的。若有人履行此责,穆斯林共同体的其余人便能免受真主的震怒。一个人的能力越强、知识越丰富,他亲自去做这件事的责任就越重。确实,当刑罚降临在违抗者头上时,没有人能得救,除了那些禁止他们作恶的人。
There are countless proofs and evidences pertaining to this issue, all of which implies the necessity of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil on whosoever sees it. If anyone carries this out, the rest of the Ummah will be saved from Allah's Wrath. The more one is able (to do it) and knowledgeable, the more it is necessary for him to do it himself. Verily, none was saved upon the descending of torment on the heads of the disobedient but those who forbade them from committing the evil.
参考文献:《关于穆斯林信仰的200个问答》——谢赫哈菲兹·伊本·艾哈迈德·哈凯米
Reference: 200 FAQ On Muslims Belief - Shiekh Hafiz Ibn Ahmed Al Hakami