问题161:什么与信仰(Iman)相抵触?
Q 161: What contradicts Iman (Faith)?
A--- 不信与信相悖。不信和信一样有不同的分支。我们前面已经知道,信仰基本上是一种顺服的确信,要求完全顺服于顺从的行为。因此,不信基本上是一种拒绝与固执,会招致傲慢与违逆。由此可见,一切顺从的行为都属于信仰的分支;而一切违逆的行为都属于不信的分支。此外,应当知道不信有两种类型:大不信,它使人完全脱离伊斯兰的范畴。这是与心中的言语及其行为,或其中之一相悖的信条上的不信。另有小不信,它不会使人脱离伊斯兰的范畴,只是与信仰的完美相悖。这就是所谓的实践上的不信,它既不与心中的言语相悖,也不与其行为相悖,也不要求或必然导致这一点。
A--- Disbelief contradicts Faith. Disbelief has different branches just as Faith does. We knew earlier that faith is basically a submissive belief that requires complete submission to deeds of obedience. So, disbelief is basically a kind of rejection and stubbornness that incurs arrogance and disobedience. Thereupon, all deeds of obedience are among the branches of belief; while all deeds of disobedience are among the branches of disbelief. Moreover, one should know that there are two types of disbelief: the Major Disbelief, which excludes one completely from the fold of Islam. This is the dogmatic disbelief that contradicts the utterance of the heart and its deeds or one of them. And, the Minor Disbelief, which does not exclude one from the fold of Islam. It only contradicts the perfection of belief. This is the so-called practical disbelief that contradicts neither the utterance of the heart, nor its deeds. It does not require or necessitate this as well.
《200道关于穆斯林信仰的问答》——谢赫哈菲兹·伊本·艾哈迈德·哈基米
Reference: 200 FAQ On Muslims Belief - Shiekh Hafiz Ibn Ahmed Al Hakami