问题63:是否可以从与祂的行为相关的所有属性中衍生出名称,祂是至高无上的?
Q 63: Can Names be derived from all the Attributes related to His Acting, Glorified is He?
不,全能的安拉只能以祂在《古兰经》中自我命名的名字来称呼,或以祂的使者(愿主福安之)所传述归于祂的名字来称呼,不得用其他名字。而且,祂全能的安拉用来为自己命名的每一个与祂的行为相关的属性,都表明只有祂独自配得赞美与完美。安拉并没有把所有这些名字都归于自己,但祂确实用其中一些来描述自己,例如:{安拉就是创造你们、然后供给你们、然后使你们死亡、然后(在复活日)再使你们复活的那一位}。(罗马章,40)全能的安拉自称为创造者、崇高的供给者、至上的使人死亡者,以及至上的使人复活者。还有一些属性,全能的安拉以对应和相称的方式用来描述自己,表明归于祂的一切赞美与完美,例如:{伪信士们企图欺骗安拉,但祂是欺骗他们的}。(妇女章,142)全能的安拉说:{他们(不信道者)密谋(杀害尔撒[耶稣]),安拉也密谋,而安拉是最善于密谋的}。(阿里·伊姆兰章,54)全能的安拉说:{他们忘记了安拉,所以祂也忘记了他们}。(忏悔章,67)
A--- No, Almighty Allah can not be called by Names other than those He named Himself in His Qur'an with, or those attributed to Him through His Messenger (Peace be upon him). Moreover, every attribute related to His Acting, He Almighty Allah, named Himself with, denotes Praise and Perfection due to Him Alone. Allah did not attribute all these Names to Himself. But, some of them He, Almighty Allah, used to describe Himself with, such as in, {Allah is He Who created you, then provided food for you, then will cause you to die, then (again) He will give you life (on the Day of Resurrection)}. (Ar-Rum, 40) Almighty Allah, called Himself the Creator, the Sublime Provider, the Supreme DeathBringer, and the Supreme Life-Giver. Some Attributes He, Almighty Allah, called Himself with by way of reciprocity and encountering denoting all the Praise and Perfection due to Him such as in, {Verily, the hypocrites seek to deceive Allah, but it is He Who deceives them}. (An-Nisa', 142) Allah the Almighty says: {And they (disbelievers) plotted (to kill 'Isa (Jesus) (Peace be upon him) and Allah plotted too. And Allah is the Best of those who plot}. (Al 'Imran, 54) Allah the Almighty says: {They have forgotten Allah, so He has forgotten them}. (At-Taubah, 67)
这些属性只能在它们原本被启示的语境中归于真主,因此不能说真主(愿祂荣耀无比)欺骗、设计、遗忘、嘲弄等。同样,也不能说真主是欺骗者、设计者或嘲弄者。任何穆斯林或有理智的人都不会这样说真主至高无上。真主(愿祂荣耀)之所以这样描述自己,只是为了回应那些伪信者、多神教徒和不信道者的说法,他们曾虚假地这样宣称。众所周知,对罪恶以公正予以回应,在受造者身上是一种美德,那么全知、至公、至睿的造物主就更不必说了!
These Attributes can not be attributed to Him in other than the context in which they originally were revealed. Hence, it can not be said that He, All Glory is His due, deceives, plots, forgets, and mocks, etc. In addition, it can not be said that Allah is deceiver, plotter, and mocker. No Muslim or rational man can say so regarding Allah the Almighty. As He, Glory be His, did not describe Himself with these attributes but for encountering the saying of those hypocrites, polytheists, and disbelievers who falsely claimed this. It is well known that encountering and meeting the sin with justice is good on the part of the created, so what about the All Knowing, All Just, and All Wise Creator!
《200个关于穆斯林信仰的问答》 —— 谢赫·哈菲兹·伊本·艾哈迈德·哈基米
Reference: 200 FAQ On Muslims Belief - Shiekh Hafiz Ibn Ahmed Al Hakami