他们虽然数量众多,但可以这样界定:凡否认或拒绝宗教中已被一致公认或广为人知的事项者,例如拒绝《古兰经》以及真主派遣使者所带来的启示。Jahmis(贾赫姆派)便是一个很好的例子。他们否认真主至高无上的属性,并宣称《古兰经》和真主的属性是被造的。又如否认真主至高无上将易卜拉欣(亚伯拉罕)(愿主赐其平安)收为挚友这一事实,或否认真主曾直接与穆萨(摩西)(愿主赐其平安)对话。再如那些否认真主的知识、行为、前定和命定的异端者,或那些将真主至高无上比拟于其被造物的人等。然而,在迷误者之中,也有人意图摧毁宗教的支柱,并在宗教周围制造疑云,这些人无疑是叛教者,是宗教最恶毒的敌人。至于那些仅仅是迷误、并因此对宗教产生错误理解的人,在向他们明确展示其迷误的确凿证据之前,不应被视为叛教者(而他们仍坚持自己的谬误)。

A ---Though they are numerous, they can be defined as follows: It is whosoever denies or rejects a matter that is unanimously agreed upon or well known in religion, as rejection of the Glorious Qur'an and of what Allah sent His Messengers with. The lahmis is a good example in this context. They rejected the Attributes of Allah the Almighty, along with their saying that the Qur'an and Allah's Attributes are created. Or, such as rejecting the fact that Allah the Almighty took Ibrahim (Abraham (Peace be upon him)) as a friend. Or, that He Spoke directly to Musa (Moses (Peace be upon him)). Or, such as the Innovations of those who denied Allah's Knowledge, Acts, Pre-ordainment and Destiny. Or, such as those who liken Allah the Almighty to His creation, etc. However, among those who went astray are some whose intention was to demolish the Pillars of religion and to raise suspicions around it, those are certainly disbelievers and are the most malicious enemies of religion. But, those who were merely misguided and were led to hold misconceptions about religion, they are regarded as disbelievers not before showing them clear evidences that they were indeed misguided (and they insist on sticking to their fallacies).