问题58:用来称呼安拉的至美之名,可以分为几类?
Q 58: How many types are the Most Beautiful Names pertaining to calling Almighty Allah therewith?
一些经文被归于真主,无需附加修饰语。
A--- Some of them are attributed to Allah without a need to modifiers.
它们也可以与其他名称一同出现。这包括完美的属性,例如:永生者、至高的自存者、唯一且永恒的庇护者等等。
They can be also accompanied with other Names. This includes the Perfection Attributes such as: the Ever-Living, The Sublime SelfSubsisting, the One and the Everlasting Refuge, etc.
其他的属性,除非与其对立面一同提及,否则不可单独归于真主。有人可能会将这些属性理解为有恶意。它们是:使人受害者与使人得益者,使人降低者与使人提升者,赐予者与阻止者,以及赋予尊荣者与使人蒙受屈辱者。因此,下列名称不可单独使用,亦不可脱离其对立面而说:使人受害者、使人降低者、阻止者,以及使人蒙受屈辱者。
Others are not attributed to Allah unless accompanied with their antonyms. Someone may regard these Attributes as malicious. They are as follows: the Harm Inflicting and the Benefit Giver, the Abaser and the Raiser, the Giver and the Preventer, and the Supreme Might Giver and the Supreme Humiliator. Hence, it is not permissible to say any of the following Names alone or by themselves without their antonyms: the Harm Inflicting, the Abaser, the Preventer, and the Supreme Humiliator.
我们在《古兰经》和先知的逊奈中都找不到这些内容。《古兰经》说:{我必定要向罪犯们报复。}(《麦加》章,22节)
We can not find anything of this in the Glorious Qur'an or in the Prophetic Sunnah. When the Glorious Qur'an says: {Verily, We shall exact retribution from .the Mujrimun (criminals, disbelievers, polytheists, and sinners)}. (As-Sajdah, 22)
这个名字与某种事物相关联,在此即指罪犯、不信道者等。或者,通过在派生的属性前加上"Dhu"(拥有者,即"有……的")来表示,例如:{……真主是万能的,是有报复之能的}。(阿里·伊姆兰章,4节;筵席章,95节)
The Name is related to something, here, it is the criminals, disbelievers, etc. Or, by adding Dhu "Able" to the derived attribute such as in: {...and Allah is All Mighty, All-Able of Retribution}. (Al 'Imran, 4, and AlMa'idah, 95)
《200 个关于穆斯林信仰的问答》——谢赫·哈菲兹·伊本·艾哈迈德·哈基米
Reference: 200 FAQ On Muslims Belief - Shiekh Hafiz Ibn Ahmed Al Hakami