问:对于声称《古兰经》是“受造的”之人,其裁决是什么?
Q 83: What is the ruling pertaining to him who claims that the Qur'an is "Created"?
A——《古兰经》是至能的真主的语言,包括词句与含义。祂的语言既非仅是字句,也非仅是含义,字句与含义共同构成祂的语言。至能的真主以言语说出它,借启示降示给祂的先知ﷺ,信士们则信仰它。
A--- The Glorious Qur'an is the Word of Allah the Almighty: in wording and in meaning. His Word is neither the characters only, nor the meanings only. Both the characters and the meanings constitute His Word. Allah the Almighty Spoke it verbally, sent it down on His Prophet (Peace be upon him) by Revelation, and the true believers had faith in it.
虽然它是以手书写、以舌诵读、被记在心中、被耳朵听闻、被眼睛看见,但它仍是至慈主的话语。的确,手、墨水、笔和纸都是被造的,而用它们所写下的却不是被造的。同样,舌头和声音是被造的,而由其所诵读的却不是被造的。胸膛是被造的,而存放于其中的却不是被造的。耳朵是被造的,而所听闻的却不是被造的。
It is the Word of the Most Gracious even though it is written by hands, recited by tongues, committed to hearts, heard by ears, and seen by eyes. Indeed, the hands, ink, pens, and papers are all created, while what is written down with them is not. Moreover, tongues and voices are created, while what is recited thereof is not. Bosoms are created, while what is kept therein is not. Ears are created, while what is heard is not.
安拉在祂光荣的《古兰经》中说:{这确实是一部尊贵的诵读(高贵的《古兰经》)。它记载于一部受到妥善守护的经典之中(即在天上与安拉同在的被保护的天版)}。(《瓦基俄》章,77、78节)
Almighty Allah says in His Glorious Qur'an: {That (this) is indeed an honorable recitation (the Noble Qur'an). In a Book well guarded (with Allah in the heaven i.e. AI-Lauh Al- Mahfuz)}. (Al-Waqi'ah, 77,78)
安拉说:{不然,那些被赐予知识的人(即有经人)心中保存着这些清晰的经文。只有不义者(多神教徒和行恶者)才否认我的经文(证据、迹象、启示、教训、征兆等)。}(蜘蛛章,49)
Allah says: {Nay, but they, the clear Ayat are preserved in the breasts of those who have been given knowledge (among the People of the Scriptures). And none but the Zalimun (Polytheists .and wrongdoers) deny Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.)}. (Al-' Ankabut, 49)
安拉说:{你当诵读主的经典中启示给你的(穆罕默德ﷺ)——即诵读它、理解它、遵循它的教诲、奉行它的命令,并向人传达它。没有人能改变祂的言辞}。(《洞穴》章,27节)
Allah says: {And recite what has been revealed to you (O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)) of the Book (the Qur'an) of your Lord (i. e. recite it, understand and follow its teachings and act on its orders and preach it to men). None can change His Words}. (Al-Kahf, 27)
安拉说:{如果多神教徒(拜偶像者、异教徒、不信安拉独一的人)中有人寻求你的庇护,你就庇护他,使他能听到安拉的话(《古兰经》)}。(忏悔章,6)
Allah says: {And if anyone of the Mushrikun (polytheists, idolaters, pagans, disbelievers in the Oneness of Allah) seeks your protection then grant him protection so that he may hear the Word of Allah (the Qur'an)}. (At- Taubah, 6)
伊本·麦斯欧德(愿真主喜悦他)说:"你们要常常审视《古兰经》的文字。"因此,凡说《光荣的古兰经》或其中一部分是受造的,即是否定伊斯兰教全部的叛教者。因为《古兰经》是至能的真主的语言,它源自祂,也将归于祂,而祂的语言是祂的属性之一。凡说真主的任何属性是受造的,即是叛教的异端。对他的裁决是:让他悔过。若他回归伊斯兰,便得安全;但若他拒绝,则应作为不信道者被处死,他不适用穆斯林生死相关的各项裁决。
Ibn Mas' ud (May Allah be pleased with him) said: "Keep looking at (the wording) of the Glorious Qur'an.” Thereupon, whosoever says that the Glorious Qur'an or part thereof is created, he is a disbeliever denouncing Islam entirely. For the Qur'an is the Word of Allah the Almighty; it came first from Him and will turn back to Him and His Word is one of His Attributes. Whosoever says that any of the Attributes of Allah is created, he is a disbeliever and renegade. The ruling pertaining to him is that he is offered repentance. If he returns to Islam, he becomes safe. But, if he refuses, he is to be killed as a disbeliever who has nothing to do with the rulings governing the life and death of Muslims.
《200 个关于穆斯林信仰的常见问题》——谢赫·哈菲兹·伊本·艾哈迈德·哈基米
Reference: 200 FAQ On Muslims Belief - Shiekh Hafiz Ibn Ahmed Al Hakami