الحرام (المحرَّم)
Al-haraam (the Prohibited)
الحرام حسب الاصطلاح الشرعي
Al-Haraam in accordance to the Istilaah Ash-Shar’i (terminological Shar’iy definition):
هُوَ مَا طَلَبَ الشَّارِعُ تَرْكَهُ طَلَبًا جَازِمًا، وَهُوَ مَا يُذَمُّ فَاعِلُهُ وَيُعَاقَبُ عَلَيْهِ. وَالْحَرَامُ مُرَادِفٌ لِكَلِمَةِ الْمَحْظُورِ.
It is that which the Shaari’ (Legislator) has requested not to be performed by way of a decisive request (Talab Jaazim) and it is that which its doer is censured and punished for. Al-Haraam is synonymous with the word Mahzhoor.
عند الحنفية لا يُطلق لفظ «حرام» إلا إذا كان الدليل على الحكم قطعيًّا، وإذا كان ظنيًّا سمّوه «مكروهًا تحريمًا».
In the view of the Hanafiyah the word Haraam is not used unless the Daleel for the Hukm was Qat’iy (definite) and if it was Zhanniy (indefinite) they called it ‘Makrooh Tahreeman’.
ومع ذلك لا فرق بين الحنفية وغيرهم في الحرام والمكروه تحريمًا، من حيث أن من تركه يُثاب، ومن فعله يُعاقب.
There is however no difference between the Hanafiyah and others in relation to both the Haraam and the Makrooh Tahreeman in respect to the person leaving it being rewarded and the one doing it being punished.
من أمثلة الحرام ما ذُكر في قول الله تعالى:
Examples of the Haraam include that which was mentioned in the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ الْخِنزِيرِ… (المائدة: ٣).
Prohibited to you (for food) are: Al-Maytah (the dead animals - cattle-beast not slaughtered), blood, the flesh of swine… (Al-Maa’idah 3).
وفي قوله تعالى:
And in His Qawl (swt):
وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا
And Allah has made trade Halaal for you and has made Ribaa (usury) Haraam (Al-Baqarah 275).
وفي كلام رسول الله ﷺ:
And in the speech of the Messenger of Allah (saw):
كُلُّ مُسْلِمٍ عَلَى مُسْلِمٍ حَرَامٌ؛ دَمُهُ وَمَالُهُ وَعِرْضُهُ.ﷺ (مسلم)
Every Muslim in respect to (another) Muslim is Haraam (inviolable); his blood and his property and his honour (Muslim).
العُقوبةُ على الحرامِ قد تكونُ في الدُّنيا، كما في قولِهِ تعالى:
The ‘Uqoobah (punishment) for the Haraam could be in the Dunyaa (life of this world) like in His Qawl (swt):
وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَاجْلِدُوهُمْ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً وَلَا تَقْبَلُوا لَهُمْ شَهَادَةً أَبَدًا ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ
And those who accuse chaste women, and produce not four witnesses, flog them with eighty stripes, and reject their testimony forever, they indeed are the Fasiqun (rebellious, disobedient to Allah) (An-Nur 4).
وَقَدْ تَكُونُ الْعُقُوبَةُ عَلَى الْحَرَامِ فِي الْآخِرَةِ أَيْضًا، كَمَا جَاءَ فِي قَوْلِ اللهِ تَعَالَى:
And the ‘Uqoobah (punishment) for the Haraam can also be in the Aakhirah (hereafter) like has come in the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَىٰ ظُلْمًا إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ نَارًا ۖ وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيرًا (النساء: 10)
Verily, those who unjustly eat up the property of orphans, they eat up only a fire into their bellies, and they will be burnt in the blazing Fire! (An-Nisaa’ 10).