أنواع النسخ
Types of An-Naskh (Abrogation)
١ – نَسْخُ الحُكْمِ دُونَ بَدَلٍ أَوْ عِوَضٍ
1 – The Naskh (abrogation) of the Hukm without replacement or substitution:
قال الله تعالى:
Allah Ta’Aalaa said:
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نَاجَيْتُمُ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْوَاكُمْ صَدَقَةً ﷺ
O you who have believed, when you [wish to] privately consult the Messenger, present a charity before your consultation (Al-Mujaadilah 12).
هذا الحكم، وهو تقديم الصدقة قبل مناجاة الرسول ﷺ، نُسخ بالآية التالية:
This Hukm, which was the presentation of Sadaqah before meeting the Messenger for private consultation, was abrogated by the following Aayah:
هَلْ خِفْتُمْ أَن تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْوَاكُمْ صَدَقَاتٍ ۚ فَإِذْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا وَتَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ [المجادلة: 13]
Are you afraid of spending in charity before your private consultation (with him)? If then you do it not, and Allah has forgiven you, then (at least) perform As Salat and give Zakat and obey Allah and his Messenger. And Allah is All Aware of what you do (Al-Mujaadilah 13
2 – النسخ بالحكم إلى حكمٍ هو أخفُّ منه
2 – The Naskh (abrogation) of the Hukm to a (new) Hukm that is lighter than it:
المنسوخ من الحكم: ثبات الواحد من المسلمين أمام عشرة من الأعداء عند القتال. قال الله تعالى:
The Mansookh (abrogated) Hukm: One (of the Muslims) standing firm in the face of ten enemies when fighting. Allah Ta’Aalaa said:
إِن يَكُن مِّنكُمْ عِشْرُونَ صَابِرُونَ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ
If there are twenty steadfast from you then you will overcome two hundred (Al Anfaal 65)
النَّاسِخُ من الحُكْمِ: أحدُ المسلمينَ الثابتينَ في وجهِ عدوَّينِ عند القتالِ. قال اللهُ تعالى:
The Naasikh (abrogating) Hukm: One of the Muslims standing firm in the face of two enemies when engaged in battle. Allah Ta’Aalaa said:
الآنَ خَفَّفَ اللَّهُ عَنكُمْ وَعَلِمَ أَنَّ فِيكُمْ ضَعْفًا ۚ فَإِن يَكُن مِّنكُم مِّائَةٌ صَابِرَةٌ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ (الأنفال: ٦٦)
Now Allah has lightened for you and He has known that there is weakness amongst you. So if there are one hundred from you who are steadfast they will overcome two hundred (Al-Anfaal 66).
3 – النسخ لحكم بحكم مماثل له: المنسوخ: استقبال بيت المقدس في الصلاة بأمر رسول الله ﷺ.
3 – The Naskh of a Hukm to a Hukm that is comparable to it: The Mansookh (abrogated Hukm): Directing the prayer in the direction of Al-Quds due to the command of the Messenger of Allah (saw).
الحُكْمُ النَّاسِخُ: تَوْجِيهُ الصَّلَاةِ نَحْوَ الكَعْبَةِ
The Naasikh (abrogating) Hukm: Directing the prayer towards the Ka’bah.
قال الله تعالى:
Allah Ta’Aalaa said:
قَدْ نَرَىٰ تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ فِي ٱلسَّمَاءِ ۖ فَلَنُوَلِّيَنَّكَ قِبْلَةً تَرْضَىٰهَا ۚ فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ ٱلْمَسْجِدِ ٱلْحَرَامِ ۚ وَحَيْثُ مَا كُنتُمْ فَوَلُّوا۟ وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُۥ ۗ
We have certainly seen the turning of your face, [O Muhammad], toward the heaven, and We will surely turn you to a Qiblah with which you will be pleased. So turn your face toward al-Masjid al-Haram. And wherever you [believers] are, turn your faces toward it [in prayer] (Al-Baqarah 144).
4 - نسخ الحكم إلى حكمٍ أشدّ
4 - The Naskh of a Hukm to a Hukm that is more severe:
المنسوخ من الحكم: توبيخ الزاني وحبسه في البيت، كما يُستفاد من قوله تعالى:
The Mansookh (abrogated) Hukm: Reprimanding the Zaani and confining them to house arrest as taken from His Qawl Ta’Aalaa:
وَٱلَّـٰتِى يَأْتِينَ ٱلْفَـٰحِشَةَ مِن نِّسَآئِكُمْ فَٱسْتَشْهِدُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةً مِّنكُمْ ۖ فَإِن شَهِدُوا فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ فِى ٱلْبُيُوتِ حَتَّىٰ يَتَوَفَّىٰهُنَّ ٱلْمَوْتُ أَوْ يَجْعَلَ ٱللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلًا ۚ وَٱلَّذَانِ يَأْتِيَانِهَا مِنكُمْ فَـَٔاذُوهُمَا ۖ فَإِن تَابَا وَأَصْلَحَا فَأَعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمَآ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ تَوَّابًا رَّحِيمًا
Those who commit unlawful sexual intercourse of your women - bring against them four [witnesses] from among you. And if they testify, confine the guilty women to houses until death takes them or Allah ordains for them [another] way. And the two who commit it among you, punish them both. But if they repent and correct themselves, leave them alone. Indeed, Allah is ever Accepting of repentance and Merciful (An-Nisaa’ 15-16).
النَّاسِخ (الناسخ): الحكم الناسخ: جلد غير المُحصَن (غير المتزوج) مئة جلدة، وهو مأخوذ من قول الله تعالى:
The Naasikh (abrogating) Hukm: Lashing the non-Muhsin (married) with one hundred lashes which is taken from the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
الزانية والزاني فاجلدوا كل واحد منهما مائة جلدة، ولا تأخذكم بهما رأفة في دين الله
The [unmarried] woman or [unmarried] man found guilty of sexual intercourse - lash each one of them with a hundred lashes, and let not any pity for them restrain you in regard to a matter prescribed by Allah (An-Noor 2).