صيغة النهي
Seeghat Un-nahi (the Forbiddance Form)
النَّهْيُ لَهُ صِيغَةٌ فِي اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ، وَهِيَ: لَا تَفْعَلْ أَوْ لَا يَفْعَلْ، وَمَعْنَاهُ تَرْكُ الْفِعْلِ أَوْ عَدَمُ فِعْلِهِ عَلَى وَجْهِ الِاسْتِعْلَاءِ (أَيْ عَلَى أَسَاسِ أَنَّهُ صَادِرٌ مِنْ جِهَةٍ أَعْلَى). وَهُنَاكَ صِيَغٌ أُخْرَى تَتَّفِقُ مَعَ أَسَالِيبِ الْكَلَامِ الْعَرَبِيِّ تُفِيدُ طَلَبَ التَّرْكِ وَالْكَفِّ عَنِ الْفِعْلِ، وَيُمْكِنُ فَهْمُ مَعْنَى النَّهْيِ مِنْ تَرْكِيبِ الْجُمَلِ. وَيُمْكِنُ تَلْخِيصُ صِيَغِ النَّهْيِ فِيمَا يَلِي:
The Nahi (forbiddance) has a Seeghah (form) in the Arabic language and it is: لآ تَفْعَل or لا يَفْعَل and it means to leave or not do the action ‘Alaa Wajh -il-Isti’laa’ (upon the basis that it has come from a higher authority). There are Siyagh (forms) in accordance to the styles of the Arabic speech that establish the leaving or refraining from the action and the meaning of the Nahi can be deduced from the composition of the sentences. It is possible to sum up the forms of the Nahi as follows:
1- صيغة «لَا تَفْعَلْ» أو «لَا يَفْعَلْ»، وهي مثل قول الله تعالى:
1- The form لآ تَفْعَلْ or لا يَفْعلَ This is like the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
{وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ}
And do not kill the soul (human life) which Allah has forbidden [to be killed] except by [legal] right (Al-An’aam 151).
2 – اللفظ حَرَّمَ (harrama) ومشتقاته. ومن ذلك قول الله تعالى:
2 – The Lafzh حَرَّمَ ( Harrama) and its derivations (Mushtaqaat). This is like the Qawl of Allah (swt):
حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ الْخِنزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ (المائدة: ٣)
Prohibited to you are dead animals, blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been dedicated to other than Allah (Al-Maa’idah 3).
3 – اللفظ "نَهَى" (to forbid) ومشتقاته. وذلك كقوله تعالى:
3 – The Lafzh ' نَهَئ' (to forbid) and its Mushtaqaat (derivations). This is like in His Qawl (swt):
وَيَنْهَىٰ عَنِ الْفَحْشَاءِ وَالْمُنْكَرِ وَالْبَغْيِ (النحل: ٩٠)
And forbids immorality and bad conduct and oppression (An-Nahl 90).
4 – ألفاظ التحذير (صيغ التحذير) مثل: ‘إياك‘ وذلك كما في حديث رسول الله ﷺ:
4 – Alfaazh At-Tahdheer (worded expressions of warning) like: ‘إياك‘ This is like in the Hadeeth of the Messenger of Allah (saw):
احذروا الالتفات في الصلاة
Beware of turning in the Salaah
5 – اللفظ (صيغة) «لا يَحِلُّ» (لا يجوز / لا يحل)
5 – The Lafzh (wording) ‘لا يَحِلَّ ‘It is not Halaal).
هذا مثل قوله ﷺ:
This is like his statement (saw):
لا يحل بيع المغنيات، ولا شراؤهن، ولا التجارة فيهن، وثمنهن حرام (رواه ابن ماجه في سننه في كتاب التجارات).
It is not Halaal to sell Al-Mughanniyaat (female singers), or purchase them, or trade in them, and the consumption of their price is Haraam (Ibn Maajah in his Sunan in the Book of Tijaaraat).
وكل الصيغ المذكورة تفيد النهي، وإن لم تكن كلها موضوعة في أصل اللغة للدلالة على النهي. والنهي فيها إنما يُفهم من التركيب اللغوي للجملة وما تدل عليه من معنى النهي. وذلك لأن الصيغة الوحيدة التي وضعتها اللغة العربية للنهي هي صيغة المضارع المقترنة بـ«لا» الناهية.
All of the above forms establish the Nahi (forbiddance) and even if most of them have not been provided in origin by the language to indicate the Nahi. The Nahi in them is established by the linguistic formation and composition of the sentence and what they indicate in terms of the meaning of the Nahi. That is because the only form that has been set and provided by the Arabic language for the Nahi is that of the Mudaari’ (present verb) form that is connected to the ‘Laa An-Naahiyah’ (لا) (the ‘Laa’ of forbidding).