8 – التَّأْدِيبُ (التَّعْزِيرُ) كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى:
8 – At-Ta’deeb (chastisement) like in His Qawl Ta’Aalaa:
النَّهْي
An-nahi (the Forbiddance)
معنى النَّهي:
The meaning of An-Nahi:
النَّهْيُ هُوَ الطَّلَبُ لِتَرْكِ الْفِعْلِ أَوْ عَدَمِ فِعْلِهِ عَلَى سَبِيلِ الِاسْتِعْلَاءِ (أَيْ عَلَى أَسَاسِ أَنَّهُ صَادِرٌ مِنْ سُلْطَةٍ أَعْلَى)، وَصِيغَةُ النَّهْيِ فِي اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ هِيَ: لَا تَفْعَلْ أَوْ لَا يَفْعَلْ، كَمَا جَاءَ فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ:
The Nahi is the Talab (request) to leave or to not do the action ‘Alaa Sabeel Al-Isti’laa’i (upon the sense or basis that it has come from a higher authority). The Seeghat un-Nahi (form of forbiddance) in the Arabic language is: Laa Taf’al or Laa Yaf’al) like has come in his Qawl (swt):
لَا تَأْكُلُوا الرِّبَا (أَضْعَافًا مُّضَاعَفَةً) [آل عمران: ١٣٠]
Do not eat (consume/devour) Ribaa (usury) (Aali ‘Imraan 130).
وَمِثْلُهُ قَوْلُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا انْقَطَعَ شِسْعُ نَعْلِ أَحَدِكُمْ فَلَا يَمْشِ فِي نَعْلٍ وَاحِدَةٍ حَتَّى يُصْلِحَهُ» (صحيح مسلم).
And it is like the statement of the Messenger of Allah (saw): “If the strap between the toes of the sandal breaks then he (the person) should not walk (Laa Yamshi) with only one sandal until he has fixed the strap of the other” (Saheeh Muslim).
كما أن صيغة الأمر لها معانٍ كثيرة، فإن صيغة النهي أيضاً لها عدد من المعاني، ومنها:
Just as the Seeghat ul-Amr (command form) has many meanings the Seeghat un-Nahi (form of forbiddance) also has a number of meanings which include:
التحريم، وذلك كما جاء في قول الله تعالى
1 – At-Tahreem (prohibition) and that is like has come in the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa
وَلَا يَغْتَبْ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا ۚ أَيُحِبُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَن يَأْكُلَ لَحْمَ أَخِيهِ مَيْتًا فَكَرِهْتُمُوهُ Note: the user's text is "And do not spy on or backbite each other (Al-Hujuraat 12)." Translating it faithfully as a Qur'an-reference sentence: وَلَا تَجَسَّسُوا وَلَا يَغْتَبْ بَعْضُكُم بَعْضًا (الحجرات: ١٢)
And do not spy on or backbite each other (Al-Hujuraat 12).
2 – الکراہۃ (الكراهة)، كما في قول رسول الله ﷺ:
2 – Al-Karaahah (dislike) like in the statement of the Messenger of Allah (saw):
لَا تَأْذَنُوا لِمَنْ لَا يَبْدَأُ بِالسَّلَامِ (البيهقي).
Do not give permission to the one who does not initiate with the Salaam (Al-Baihaqi).
3 – التحقير، وهو الاستخفاف والازدراء، ومثاله قوله تعالى:
3 – At-Tahqeer (disdain, disparagement) and an example of this is His Qawl Ta’Aalaa:
{وَلَا تَمُدَّنَّ عَيْنَيْكَ إِلَىٰ مَا مَتَّعْنَا بِهِ أَزْوَاجًا مِّنْهُمْ زَهْرَةَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا لِنَفْتِنَهُمْ فِيهِ ۚ وَرِزْقُ رَبِّكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَبْقَىٰ} [طه: ١٣١]
And do not extend your eyes in longing for the things We have given for enjoyment to various groups of them (TaHa 131).
٤ – شرح العاقبة، ومثالها قولُه تعالى:
4 – Explanation of the ‘Aaqibah (consequence) and an example of this is His Qawl (swt):
ولا تحسبنّ الله غافلاً عما يعمل الظالمون {إبراهيم: ٤٢}
And never think that Allah is unheedful of what the wrongdoers (oppressors) do (Ibraheem 42).
5 – الدعاء كما في قوله تعالى:
5 – Ad-Du’aa (supplication) like in His Qawl (swt):
رَبَّنَا لَا تَجْعَلْنَا فِتْنَةً لِّلْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ (يونس: ٨٥)
Our Lord, make us not [objects of] trial for the oppressors (Younus 85).
6 – الإرشاد (الهداية/التوجيه) كما في قوله تعالى:
6 – Al-Irshaad (guidance/direction) like in His speech Ta’Aalaa:
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَسْأَلُوا عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ إِنْ تُبْدَ لَكُمْ تَسُؤْكُمْ
O you who have believed, do not ask about things which, if they are shown to you, will distress you (Al-Maa’idah 101).
٧ – التَّعْيِيس (اليأس/القنوط) كما في قوله تعالى:
7 – At-Ta’yees (despair/hopelessness) like in His Qawl (swt):
يُقَالُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَا تَعْتَذِرُوا الْيَوْمَ إِنَّمَا تُجْزَوْنَ مَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ﴾ (التحريم: ٧)
It will be said in the Hereafter) O you who disbelieve, make no excuses this Day! You are being requited only for what you used to do (At-Tahreem 7).
وَلَا تَمْنُنْ تَسْتَكْثِرُ
And do not confer favour seeking to acquire more (Al-Mudaththir 6).
جميع هذه المعاني تثبت أن صيغة النهي تُستعمل في عدة معانٍ، وذلك لأن النهي في حقيقته يتعلق بطلب الترك أو الكفّ عن الفعل، غير أنه لا يدل على التحريم أو الإرشاد أو الكراهة أو غيرها إلا بقرينة.
All of these meanings establish the Seeghat un-Nahi (form of forbiddance) which indicates that the Seeghat un-Nahi is utilised in a number of meanings. That is because the Nahi relates in reality to the request to leave or to not do something, however it does not indicate At-Tahreem (prohibition) or Al-Irshaad (guidance/direction) or Al-Karaahah (dislike) or anything else except by way of a Qaree