أَرْشَدَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى الاسْتِعْمَالِ لِلْقِيَاسِ، وَمِنْ أَمْثِلَةِ تِلْكَ الأَدِلَّةِ مَا يَلِي:
The Messenger of Allah (saw) guided towards the utilisation of Qiyaas and examples from amongst such evidences are the following:
رُوِيَ عَنْهُ ﷺ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ خَثْعَمَ سَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ أَبِي أَسْلَمَ وَهُوَ شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ، لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ رُكُوبَ الرَّاحِلَةِ، وَقَدْ كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَجُّ، فَهَلْ يُجْزِئُ أَنْ أَحُجَّ عَنْهُ؟ فَسَأَلَهُ ﷺ:
It has been narrated from him (saw) that a man from Khath’am asked him: “My father became Muslim whilst he was of an elderly age and he is not capable of riding camels whilst the Hajj has been proscribed upon him. So can I make Hajj on his behalf?” So he (saw) asked:
"هل أنت أكبر أبنائه؟" فقال: "نعم". فقال ﷺ: "أرأيت لو كان على أبيك دين فقضيته عنه، أكان يجزئ عنه؟" قال: "نعم".
“Are you the oldest of his sons?”. He replied: “Yes”. (Then) he (saw) said: “Do you see that if your father had a debt and you paid it off for him, would that count for him?” He replied: “Yes”.
فقال ﷺ: «فَحُجَّ عَنْهُ» (النسائی).
(So) he (saw) said: “Then perform Hajj on his behalf” (AnNasaa’iy).
عن عمر رضي الله عنه قال: «بينما أنا جالس عندَ النبي ﷺ إذ جاءه رجلٌ...» — no, let me translate the given text faithfully instead:
عن عمرَ رضي الله عنه قال: «وَجدتُ في نفسي يوماً نشاطاً فقبّلتُ (زوجتي) وأنا صائم، ثم ذهبتُ إلى النبي ﷺ فقلت: صنعتُ اليومَ أمراً عظيماً، قبّلتُ وأنا صائم». فقال رسولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «أرأيتَ لو تمضمضتَ بماءٍ وأنت صائم؟». قلت: «لا بأس بذلك». فقال ﷺ: «فما الذي تخاف؟» (رواه أبو داود)، أي: ما الذي تخشاه وقد فعلتَ أمراً مباحاً لا يُبطل الصوم؟
‘Umar (ra) related: “I was in good spirits one day so I kissed (my wife) whilst I was fasting and after that I went to the Nabi (saw) and said: “I did something very serious today. I kissed whilst I was fasting” And so the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “Do you see what the case would be if you had washed your mouth out with water (Madmadah) whilst you were fasting”. I said: “There is nothing in that”. And so he (saw) said: “And so what’s the problem?” (Abu Daawood) i.e. What are you fearing when you have undertaken a permissible act that does not invalidate the fasting?
ثبت أن أبا بكر (رضي الله عنه) أعطى الجدّة أم الأم ميراثها دون الجدّة أم الأب، فقال له بعض الأنصار: "أعطيتَ امرأةً من ميتٍ لو كانت ميتةً لم يرثها، وتركتَ امرأةً لو كانت ميتةً لورثها كلَّ ما تركت". فرجع عن قوله وجعلهما يشتركان في السدس، ولم ينكر ذلك عليه أحدٌ من الصحابة ولا ردّه، فكان ذلك إجماعًا.
It has been authenticated that Abu Bakr (ra) allocated inheritance to the mother of the mother but not the mother of the father and so some of the Ansaar said to him: “You have given inheritance to a woman from a dead (man) whilst had she been dead he would not have inherited from her. And you left a woman who if she had been dead he would have inherited all that she left”. And so he revised his position to make them share in the sixth whilst none of the Sahaabah rebuked or denied this from him and as such it represented an Ijmaa’.
في هذا الإجماع قاس الأنصاري أمَّ الأب على أمِّ الأم في الميراث، وقدّم حجّته إلى أبي بكر مستندًا إلى هذا الدليل أو البرهان.
In this Ijmaa’ the Ansaari made analogy between the mother of the father and the mother of the mother in respect to inheritance and presented his argument to Abu Bakr based on this evidence or proof.
أبو بكر (رضي الله عنه) قبِل الحجّة بعد ذلك لأنها كانت مبنيّة على دليلٍ شرعيّ.
Abu Bakr (ra) then accepted the argument because it was based upon a Daleel Shar’iy.