أمثلةٌ على تطبيق شرعِ من قبلَنا
Examples Of The Application Of Shar’u Min Qablinaa
الشرعُ مِن قبلنا عند اليهودِ والنصارى (النصارى) ودينِ إبراهيمَ قد حُرِّفَ وبُدِّلَ في التوراةِ والإنجيلِ. والتوراةُ والإنجيلُ الموجودانِ اليومَ ليسا هما اللذينِ أُنزلا على موسى وعيسى، عليهما السلامُ، بل أصابهما التغييرُ والتحريفُ الذي أبعدهما كثيرًا عن التوراةِ والإنجيلِ اللذينِ أُنزلا على الرسولينِ موسى (عليه السلام) وعيسى (عليه السلام).
The Shar’u Min Qablinaa from the Yahood, Nasaaraa (Christians) and the Deen of Ibraheem had been twisted and distorted in the Tawrah and the Injeel. The Tawrah and Injeel that are present today are not the same that were revealed to Mousaa and ‘Eisaa, peace be upon them both, but rather they have been afflicted by change and distortion which have taken them both far away from the Tawrah and Injeel which were revealed to the two Messengers Mousaa (as) and ‘Eisaa (as).
ذَكَرَ اللهُ (سبحانه وتعالى) بعضَ الأحكامِ التي جاءَ بها الرسلُ قبلَ محمدٍ ﷺ في القرآنِ الكريمِ. وفيما يلي مختارٌ من هذه الأحكامِ:
Allah (swt) has mentioned some of the Ahkaam that the Messengers prior to Muhammad (saw) had come with in the Qur’aan Al-Kareem. The following is a selection of these:
١ - قال اللہ تعالیٰ فی شأن سليمان عليه السلام:
1 – Allah Ta’Aalaa said in relation to Suleiman (as):
وَتَفَقَّدَ الطَّيْرَ فَقَالَ مَا لِيَ لَا أَرَى الْهُدْهُدَ أَمْ كَانَ مِنَ الْغَائِبِينَ * لَأُعَذِّبَنَّهُ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا أَوْ لَأَذْبَحَنَّهُ أَوْ لَيَأْتِيَنِّي بِسُلْطَانٍ مُّبِينٍ
And he took attendance of the birds and said, "Why do I not see the hoopoe - or is he among the absent? I will surely punish him with a severe punishment or slaughter him unless he brings me clear authorization." (An-Naml 20-21).
بَيْنَمَا لَا خِلَافَ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي سُقُوطِ الْعُقُوبَةِ عَنِ الطَّيْرِ حَتَّى وَإِنْ فَعَلَ مَا يُرَى أَنَّهُ خَطَأٌ. بَلْ إِنَّ الْعُقُوبَةَ عَنْ جَمِيعِ الْحَيَوَانَاتِ قَدْ سَقَطَتْ، إِذْ جَاءَ النَّصُّ مُبَيِّنًا ذَلِكَ. قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ:
This is whilst there is no difference of opinion amongst the Muslims in respect to dropping punishment for the bird and even if it did something seen to be wrong. Indeed, the punishment of all animals has fallen as a Nass (text) has come explaining that. The Messenger of Allah (saw) said:
الأضرار التي تُحدثها البهائم لا تَترتب عليها مسؤولية، أي إنها هَدَرٌ لا ضمان فيه.
The injuries/harms of the beasts are free of blame/innocent
(أي أنهم بريئون من اللوم، ولا ضمان عليهم فيما يُتلفونه أو يُفسدونه أو يُحدثونه من ضرر، وغير ذلك…)
(i.e. they are free from blame and there is no guarantee/liability for anything they ruin or damage etc…).
2 – ومن شريعة زكريا عليه السلام قول الله تعالى:
2 – And from the Sharee’ah of Zakariyaa (as) is the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
قال زكريا: «رب اجعل لي آية». قال: «آيتك ألا تكلم الناس ثلاث ليال سويا».
(Zakariyaa) said: "My Lord! Appoint for me a sign." He said: "Your sign is that you shall not speak unto mankind for three nights, though having no bodily defect (Maryam 10).
كانت هذه أمرًا لزكريا (عليه السلام) بألّا يكلّم الناس ثلاث ليالٍ متتالية، وكان ذلك نوعًا من الصوم، أي الإمساك عن الكلام. أمّا في الإسلام فالصوم إمساك عن الطعام والشراب والجماع، ولا يوجد في الإسلام صوم عن الكلام.
This was a command to Zakariyaa (as) to not speak to the people for three consecutive nights which was a form of Sawm (fasting) from using speech. This is whilst in Islaam the fasting is from food, drink and intimate relations and there is no Sawm in Islaam from speech.
3 – ومن شريعة موسى (عليه السلام) قولُ الله (سبحانه وتعالى):
3 – From the Sharee’ah of Mousaa (as) there is the Qawl of Allah (swt):
وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ هَادُوا حَرَّمْنَا كُلَّ ذِي ظُفُرٍ، وَمِنَ الْبَقَرِ وَالْغَنَمِ حَرَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ شُحُومَهُمَا إِلَّا مَا حَمَلَتْ ظُهُورُهُمَا أَوِ الْحَوَايَا أَوْ مَا اخْتَلَطَ بِعَظْمٍ، ذَلِكَ جَزَيْنَاهُمْ بِبَغْيِهِمْ، وَإِنَّا لَصَادِقُونَ
And unto those who are Jews, We forbade every (animal) with undivided hoof, and We forbade them the fat of the cow and the sheep except what adheres to their backs or their entrails, or is mixed up with a bone (Al-An’aam 146).
ذلك لأنه في شريعة الإسلام، قد أُحلّ ذلك كله للمسلمين بقوله عزّ وجلّ:
That is whilst in the Sharee’ah of Islaam, all of that has been made Halaal for the Muslims due to His Qawl ‘Azza Wa Jalla:
وَطَعَامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ
And your food is lawful to them (Al-Maa’idah 5).
هذه الشحوم (الشُّحُوم) من طعامنا حلال لهم، وبذلك نُسِخت أحكام شريعتهم.
These fats (Shuhoom) from our food are lawful for them and as such the Ahkaam of their Sharee’ah had been abrogated.
٤ – ومن شريعة يوسف عليه السلام قولُ الله تعالى:
4 – And from the Sharee’ah of Yousuf (as) is the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
قَالُوا جَزَاؤُهُ مَن وُجِدَ فِي رَحْلِهِ فَهُوَ جَزَاؤُهُ ۖ كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الظَّالِمِينَ (يوسف: ٧٥)
They [Yusuf's (Joseph) brothers] said: "The penalty should be that he, in whose bag it is found, should be held for the punishment (of the crime). Thus we punish the Zhaalimoon (wrong-doers, etc.)!" (Yousuf 75).
هذا يعني حبس السارق عقوبةً له على السرقة، والحال أن الإسلام قد جعل قطع اليد هو العقوبة المقررة للسارق.
This means taking the thief into custody as a punishment for the theft and this is whilst Islaam has made cutting the hand the punishment for the thief.
٥ – ومن شريعة يعقوب عليه السلام قوله سبحانه وتعالى:
5 – And from the Sharee’ah of Ya’qoub (as) is His Qawl (swt):
كان كل طعام حلالاً لبني إسرائيل، إلا ما حرّمه إسرائيل على نفسه ({آلِ عِمْرَانَ: 93}).
All food was lawful to the Children of Israel, except what Israel made unlawful for himself (Aali ‘Imraan 93).
في الإسلام، لا يجوز للرسول أن يحرّم على نفسه ما لم يحرّمه الله. قال الله تعالى:
This is whilst in Islaam it is not for the Messenger to make Haraam upon himself that which Allah did not make Haraam. Allah (swt) says
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ؟
O Prophet! Why do you ban (for yourself) that which Allah has made lawful to you (At-Tahreem 1).