أنواع المعاني
The Types Of Al-maani’
معاني الحكم (ما يمنع الحكم):
1 – Maani’ Al-Hukm (The preventer of the ruling):
هذا ما جعله الشارع نتيجةً لوجوده، أي أن انتفاء الحكم يكون بوجود المانع (أي إذا وُجد المانع انتفى الحكم).
This is what the Shaari’ (Legislator) has made as a result of its presence, the absence of the Hukm (i.e. if the Maani’ is present the Hukm is absent).
Example:
Example:
هذا كالقتل العمد، فإنه مانعٌ من الإرث، وهو بخلاف السبب الذي جعله الشارعُ يترتب على وجوده وجودُ الحكم.
This is like the intentional or deliberate killing being a Maani’ (preventer) of inheritance. It is therefore the opposite of the Sabab which the Shaari’ (Legislator) has made as a result of its existence the existence or presence of the Hukm.
القرابة (الرحم) سبب للإرث، والقتل العمد مانع من موانع الإرث. فالسبب إذن يقابل المانع.
So Al-Quraabah (relation) is the Sabab for inheritance and the intentional killing is the Maani’ of inheritance. The Sabab is therefore the opposite of the Maani’.
٢ – مانعُ السبب (The preventer of the Sabab):
2 – Maani’ Lis-Sabab (The preventer of the Sabab):
هذا ما جعله الشارع نتيجةً لوجوده، أي أن انعدام السبب (أي أنه إذا وُجد المانع لم يوجد السبب).
This is what the Shaari’ (legislator) has made as a result of its presence the absence of the Sabab (i.e. if the Maani’ exists the Sabab does not exist).
Example:
Example:
يَجِبُ الزَّكَاةُ بِمُرُورِ الحَوْلِ عَلَى النِّصَابِ.
The passing of a year over the Nisaab makes the Zakaah obligatory.
مرور الحول على النصاب مع وجود دين ينقص النصاب
The passing of a year over the Nisaab with the presence of a debt that reduces the Nisaab.
فَالدَّيْنُ إِذَنْ مَانِعٌ لِلسَّبَبِ الَّذِي هُوَ النِّصَابُ، وَبِالتَّالِي فَهُوَ مَانِعٌ لِلْحُكْمِ أَيْضًا. وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ السَّبَبَ يُوجِبُ الْحُكْمَ بِوُجُودِهِ، وَبِعَدَمِهِ يَنْتَفِي الْحُكْمُ كَذَلِكَ.
The debt is therefore a Maani’ for the Sabab which is the Nisaab and as a result it is also a Maani’ for the Hukm (itself). That is because the Sabab brings about the ruling (Al-Hukm) as a result of its presence and by its absence the Hukm is also absent.