Jika seorang Mujtahid sampai melalui Ijtihadnya kepada suatu Hukm Syar'iy, maka itulah Hukum Allah bagi dirinya (Fee Haqqihi), dan tidak dibolehkan baginya meninggalkan Ijtihadnya serta bertindak bertentangan dengan Ijtihad ini kecuali dalam salah satu keadaan berikut:
If the Mujtahid arrives through his Ijtihaad to a Hukm Shar’iy, then it is the Hukm of Allah in respect to him (Fee Haqqihi) and it is not permissible for him to abandon his Ijtihaad and act contrary to this Ijtihaad except in one of the following circumstances:
A – Jika Imam kaum Muslimin (Al-Khalifah) mengambil satu Hukum Syar'iy dalam satu isu yang berbeza daripada hukumnya sendiri, maka dia wajib mengikuti pendapat Imam. Pada zaman Khilafah Abu Bakar, beliau (ra) akan membahagikan perbelanjaan ke atas kaum Muslimin secara sama rata tanpa perbezaan atau keutamaan, manakala 'Umar (ra) berpendapat bahawa kedudukan dahulu dalam Islam hendaklah diambil kira. Namun, 'Umar (ra) meninggalkan Ijtihadnya pada zaman Abu Bakar (ra) dan mengambil pendapat yang diadopsi oleh Khalifah. Kemudian pada zaman Khilafahnya sendiri, beliau melaksanakan Ijtihadnya sendiri.
A – If the Imaam of the Muslims (Al-Khalifah) adopts a Hukm Shar’iy in an issue that is different to his Hukm, then he must follow the opinion of the Imaam. In the time of Abu Bakr’s Khilafah, he (ra) would divide the expenditures upon the Muslims equally without differentiation or preference whilst ‘Umar (ra) viewed that precedence in Islaam should be taken into consideration. However, ‘Umar (ra) abandoned his Ijtihaad in the era of Abu Bakr (ra) and adopted the adoption of the Khalifah. Then in the time of his Khilafah he applied his own Ijtihaad.
Kaedah Syar'iyyah menyatakan: (Perintah Imam menghapuskan perselisihan atau perbezaan) dan kaedah yang lain menyatakan: (Perintah Imam dilaksanakan secara zahir dan batin). Ini bermakna wajib mengikut keputusan Khalifah secara terbuka dan secara sembunyi.
The Qaa’idah Ash-Shar’iyah states: ( Thecommand of the Imaam removes the dispute or difference) and ِِanother states: (The command of the Imaam is implemented openly and inwardly). This means that it is an obligation to follow the adoption of the Khalifah openly and secretly.
B – Jika dengan meninggalkan ijtihadnya itu membawa kepada terpeliharanya perpaduan kaum Muslimin, sebagaimana yang dilakukan oleh 'Uthmaan (ra) ketika beliau diberi bai'ah untuk jawatan Khilafah, dengan syarat beliau bersetuju untuk bertindak menurut Kitaab Allah, Sunnah Rasul-Nya, dan mengikuti ijtihad-ijtihad dua Khalifah terdahulu; Abu Bakr dan 'Umar (rah). Itu kerana kaum Muslimin meletakkan syarat dan menjadikannya sebagai ketentuan terhadap orang yang mereka mahu bai'ah kepadanya, bahawa beliau akan mengikuti jalan dua Khalifah terdahulu berkenaan dengan 569
B – If by abandoning his Ijtihaad it led to the preservation of the unity of the Muslims like what ‘Uthmaan (ra) did when he was given the Bai’ah for the Khilafah in the case where he agreed to act in accordance to the Kitaab of Allah, the Sunnah of His Messenger and to follow the Ijtihaadaat of the two former Khalifahs; Abu Bakr and ‘Umar (rah). That was because the Muslims stipulated and made conditional upon the one they wanted to pledge allegiance to that he would follow the path of the two former Khaleefahs in respect to the 569
cara pemerintahan. Oleh yang demikian, ‘Uthmaan membuat konsesi ini berkenaan meninggalkan ijtihadnya demi memelihara perpaduan kaum Muslimin.
manner of ruling. Consequently, ‘Uthmaan made this concession in regards to leaving his Ijtihaad in order to preserve the unity of the Muslims.
C – Tahap Ilmu yang Lebih Tinggi: Jika seorang Mujtahid melihat bahawa terdapat Mujtahid lain yang lebih berilmu daripadanya, maka dia boleh meninggalkan pendapatnya sendiri dan mengikuti pendapat Mujtahid tersebut. Perkara ini berlaku pada zaman para Sahabat (rah), contohnya Abu Musa Al-Asy'ari (ra) pernah meninggalkan pendapatnya untuk mengikut pendapat 'Ali bin Abi Talib (ra), manakala Zaid pernah meninggalkan pendapatnya untuk mengikut pendapat Ubayy bin Ka'b (rah).
C – Greater level of Knowledge: If the Mujtahid saw that there was another Mujtahid who was more knowledgeable than him, then he can leave his own personal opinion and follow the opinion of that Mujtahid. This used to happen at the time of the Sahaabah (rah) and so for instance, Abu Mousaa Al-Ash’ariy (ra) would leave his opinion for the opinion of ‘Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (ra) whilst Zaid used to leave his opinion for the opinion of Ubayy Bin Ka’b (rah).
D – Jika kesilapan dalam ijtihad seorang mujtahid menjadi jelas dan nyata baginya, dia wajib menyemak semula pendiriannya dan bertindak mengikut ijtihad barunya yang dia anggap lebih tepat daripada yang terdahulu.
D – If the error of the Mujtahid’s Ijtihaad becomes plain and clear to him, he must revise his position and act in accordance to his new Ijtihaad that he views to be more correct than the previous one.