Syarat-Syarat ‘Urf Al-Mu’tabar (Adat Yang Diambil Kira)
The Conditions Of The ‘urf Al-mu’tabar (the Custom That Is To Be Given Consideration)
Agar ‘Urf dapat diambil kira dan hukum-hukum (Ahkaam) dibina atau berasaskan kepadanya, syarat-syarat berikut telah ditetapkan:
For the ‘Urf to be given consideration and for Ahkaam to be built or based upon it, the following have been stipulated as conditions:
1 – Bahawa ia tidak bertentangan dengan nas (teks), sekiranya ia mewakili ‘urf yang sahih, seperti keharusan Istisna’ (memesan sesuatu untuk dibuat), dan bukan ‘urf yang fasid, seperti menguruskan arak dalam majlis Walimah (jamuan perayaan).
1 – That it is not contrary to the Nass (text) where it represents a Saheeh ‘Urf like the permissibility of Istisnaa’ (ordering a thing to be manufactured) and is not a Faasid ‘Urf like managing alcohol at Waleemahs (celebration dinners).
2 – Bahawa ‘Urf itu Muttarid (umum) atau Ghaalib (dominan), iaitu ‘Urf itu tersebar luas di kalangan penduduknya, dikenali oleh mereka dan diamalkan oleh mereka. Sifat dominan bermaksud majoriti orang ramai bertindak selaras dengannya.
2 – That the ‘Urf is Muttarid (general) or Ghaalib (predominant) meaning that the ‘Urf is widespread amongst its people, well-known to them and acted upon by them. The predominance means that the majority of the people act in accordance to it.
3 – Bahawa 'Urf itu telah wujud sebelum masa ia diamalkan, lalu 'Urf itu berterusan hingga ke masanya sehingga ia berjalan seiring dengannya secara serentak. Maksudnya, pada masa perbuatan itu dilakukan, 'Urf tersebut sedang diamalkan.
3 – That the ‘Urf had arisen prior to the time of acting upon it and then the ‘Urf continues until its time so that it proceeds hand in hand with it simultaneously. That means that at the time of the conduct, the ‘Urf is being acted upon.
4 – Bahawa tiada ucapan atau perbuatan yang menetapkan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan 'Urf. Contohnya, jika mengikut 'Urf bahawa yuran eksport ditanggung oleh pembeli, sedangkan kedua-dua pihak yang berkontrak telah bersetuju bahawa ia ditanggung oleh penjual, maka 'Urf tersebut digugurkan dan apa yang telah dipersetujui oleh kedua-dua pihak yang berkontrak akan diambil. Qaa'idah dalam kes ini menurut mereka menyatakan: "Apa yang ditetapkan oleh 'Urf tanpa disebut tidak ditetapkan jika telah dinyatakan sebaliknya". Ini diambil daripada kitab 'Qawaa'id' (kaedah-kaedah) karya 'Al-'Izz bin 'Abdis Salaam, jilid 2, halaman 178.
4 – That there is no speech or action that establishes the opposite of the ‘Urf. This would be like if it was from the ‘Urf that the fees of exporting were upon the buyer whilst the two contracting partners agreed for it to be upon the seller. In this case the ‘Urf would be dropped and what the two contracting parties had agreed would be taken. The Qaa’idah in this case according to them states: ‘That which is established by ‘Urf without mention is not established if the contrary has been stated”. This is taken from the ‘Qawaa’id’ (principles) of ‘Al-‘Izz Bin Abdis Salaam volume 2 page 178.