各州には、住民の中から選ばれ、知事が推進する議会がある。議会は行政事項について意見を述べることに参加する権限を持つが、統治する権限はない。そしてこれには二つの目的がある。

Every province has an assembly elected from its people and championed by the governor. The assembly has the authority to participate in expressing opinions on administrative matters and not on ruling; and this would be for two objectives:

まず第一に、県の状況とそのニーズに関する必要な情報を知事に提供し、それについての意見を表明すること。

Firstly - providing the necessary information about the situation of the governorate and its needs to the governor and to express their opinion about that.

第二に――統治者による支配に対して、満足を示すためか、あるいは不満を訴えるためである。

Secondly - in order to express their contentment or complaint about the rule of the governor over them.

集会の意見は、初回においては拘束力を持たず、二回目においては拘束力を持つ。すなわち、彼ら(集会)が知事について不満を訴えた場合、その知事は罷免される。

The opinion of the assembly is not binding in the first instance and is binding in the second – if they complain about the governor he is removed.

it is not known that the governors of the Messenger ﷺ used to have a provincial assembly, and it is not known from the actions of the Messenger ﷺ that he selected a provincial assembly; in the same way, nothing similar is known from the righteously guided Khulafaa’. From this, the provincial assembly is not part of the ruling apparatus or the Shari’ah rules, since the ruling apparatus is every action from the acts of ruling that has a Shari’ah evidence, and anything which has no evidence is not from the ruling apparatus. Rather it is examined, and if it is a branch action that is derived from a root, then it follows that root and is from the styles and means that are permitted to be acted upon - in other words, from what is called administration; and if the root or branch action has evidence, then it is not correct to undertake it except in accordance with the Shari’ah evidence. Japanese: ﷺの総督たちが州議会を持っていたということは知られておらず、ﷺの行いから、ﷺが州議会を選んだということも知られていない。同様に、正しく導かれたカリフたちからも、それに類するものは何も知られていない。このことから、州議会は統治機構にも、シャリーアの規定にも含まれない。なぜなら、統治機構とは、シャリーアの根拠を持つ統治行為のすべてであり、根拠を持たないものは統治機構には属さないからである。むしろそれは検討され、もし根から派生した枝の行為であれば、その根に従い、実施が許される方法や手段、すなわちいわゆる行政に属するものとなる。また、根となる行為や枝の行為に根拠がある場合には、シャリーアの根拠に従うのでなければ、それを行うことは正しくない。

It is not known that the governors of the Messenger (pbuh) used to have a provincial assembly and it is not known from the actions of the Messenger (pbuh) that he selected a provincial assembly, and in the same way, nothing similar is known from the righteously guided Khulafaa’. From this, the provincial assembly is not part of the ruling apparatus or the Shari’ah rules, since the ruling apparatus is every action from the acts of ruling that has a Shari’ah evidence and anything which has no evidence is not from the ruling apparatus. Rather it is examined, and if it is a branch action that is derived from a root, then it follows that root and is from the styles and means that are permitted to be acted upon - in other words, from what is called administration; and if the root or branch action has evidence, then it is not correct to undertake it except in accordance with the Shari’ah evidence.

州議会は知事の職務から派生する枝の職務であり、知事は統治と行政を担い、州の住民は自らの州の実情やそこで起きていることについて、知事よりも詳しい。したがって、知事が職務を遂行するためには頼りにできる情報が不可欠であり、その情報は州の住民のもとにある。このことに基づき、知事は州を治める間、州の住民に意見を求めることが必須である。

The provincial assembly is a branch action that is derived from the actions of the governorship, since the governor undertakes the ruling and administration, and the people of the province are more knowledgeable than him regarding the reality of their province and what occurs within it. Accordingly, it is vital that he has information that he can rely upon in order to undertake his actions and this information is present amongst the people of the province. Based upon this, it is imperative for him to refer to the people of the province while he is governing them.

一方の観点から見ると、彼の州の統治は、州の人々が怒らないような根拠に基づいていなければならない。もし人々が彼に対して怒っているならば、カリフがそれを解任することになる。というのも、預言者（ﷺ）は、アブドゥル・カイス族の代表団が彼について不満を訴えたため、アル＝アラー・ブン・アル＝ハドラミをバハレーンの総督から解任したのであり、これはイブン・サアドが『タバカート』で伝えているとおりである。したがって、彼が州の統治を引き受けることについて、州の人々が満足しているか否かという意見を知ることが不可欠である。

This is from one angle, and from another angle his ruling of the province must be upon a basis that the people of the province are not angered, since if they are angry with him, then it would be upon the Khalifah to remove him, since the Messenger (pbuh) removed Al-’Ala’ b. Al-Hadrami as his ’Amil over Bahrain since the delegation of ’Abd Qays complained about him as mentioned by Ibn Sa’d in Al-Tabaqat. Accordingly, it is imperative that the opinion of the people of the province regarding his undertaking the ruling over them is known as to whether they are content or not.

さらに、統治者が統治している間に自らの州の人々に相談することは必要である。その理由は次の二つである。統治者が必要とする情報を集めるため、そして州の人々が統治者の統治についてどう考えているかを知るためである。したがって、統治者は州の人々に相談しなければならない。この相談を容易にするため、統治者は州の人々の中から選出された州議会を設ける。統治者は、情報収集と、統治者の統治に対する州の人々の意見を知るという二つの目的のために、この議会に相談することができる。したがって、この議会はシューラ（協議）や意見の聴取を行うものではなく、統治の実務とも関係がない。むしろ、行政上の行動を検討するためのものである。その意見には拘束力がなく、統治者を補佐するために存在する。この議会を最初に設けたのはウマル・ブン・アブドゥル・アズィーズである。彼はカリフになる前、マディーナの統治者であった。彼が指導者の議会を開く際には、世論の形成者であり各部族の指導者である二人の男性に会い、こう言ったという。「これは悪と争いの集まりである。あなた方二人は私を監視する以外に何もしていない。もし真理に合わないことを見たならば、アッラーを思い出させ、私にアッラーを畏れさせてほしい。」したがって、根本は州の人々に相談し、そこから統治者を見守ってもらうことであり、この相談を実現するために、統治者の傍らに州議会が設けられるのである。

Additionally, it is imperative for him to refer to the people of his province while he is governing them, due to the following two reasons: to gather the information which the governor requires and for his knowledge of what the people of his province think about his ruling – ,therefore, it is necessary for him to refer to the people of his province. To facilitate this reference, the governor establishes a provincial assembly which is elected from the people of his province, so that he can refer to it for the two issues: gathering information and knowing the opinion of the people of the province regarding the rule of the governor. Accordingly, this assembly does not have any consultation (Shura) or taking of opinion and nothing to do with the practice of ruling; rather it is to look into the administrative action. Its opinion is not binding but rather it is present in order to assist the governor. The first one who created this assembly was Umar b. ’Abd Al-’Aziz, since before he became the Khalifah, he was the governor over Madinah, and if he conducted a leadership assembly, he would meet two men of the opinion formers and leaders of their tribes, and said to them “It is an assembly of evil and strife, and you two have no action other than to examine me (monitor me), so if you see something which does not agree with the Truth, then remind me of Allah and make me fear Him”. So the origin is to refer to the people of the province and the observation of the governor from their side and in order to achieve this reference, a provincial assembly is created beside the governor.