ما لا یتم الواجب إلا به فهو واجب
Maa Laa Yatimm Ul-waajib Illaa Bihi Fa Huwa Waajib (that Which The Waajib Is Not Completed Except With It, Is Waajib)
الواجب هو ما طلب الشارع فعله طلباً جازماً، وقد يكون إتمام الواجب غير ممكن إلا بفعل أمرٍ آخر يتوقف عليه إتمام الواجب، وذلك كغسل المرفقين في الوضوء؛ وذلك لأن إتمام فعل الواجب، وهو غسل اليدين إلى المرفقين، لا يمكن تحققه إلا بغسل جزءٍ من المرفقين، لأن الغاية المطلوبة، وهي المرفقان، داخلةٌ في المطلوب، وهو اليدان (أي الذراعان). فيكون تحقق هذا الواجب، وهو غسل اليدين (أي الذراعين)، متوقفاً على وقوع الغسل على جزءٍ من الغاية، أي غسل جزءٍ من المرفقين. وعليه فإن غسل جزءٍ من المرفقين واجبٌ، لأن واجب غسل اليدين (أي الذراعين) لا يتم إلا بهذا الفعل، أي غسل جزءٍ من المرفقين. وهذا مبنيٌّ على القاعدة:
The Waajib is that which the Shaari’ has requested to be undertaken by way of a decisive request (Talab Jaazim) and it can be the case that the completion of the Waajib cannot be fulfilled unless another action is undertaken upon which the fulfilment of the Waajib rests. That is like washing the elbows in the act of Wudoo’ and that is because the completion of the undertaking of the Waajib, which is washing the hands until the elbows, cannot be fulfilled unless a part of the elbows are washed. That is because the end point of what is being sought, which is the elbows, is included with the sought after matter, which is the hands/forearms. Therefore, the fulfilment of this Waajib to wash the hands/forearms rests upon the washing taking place upon a part of the endpoint i.e. washing a part of the elbows. Consequently, washing part of the elbows is Waajib because the Waajib of washing the hands (i.e. arms) is not completed except through this action i.e. washing a part of the elbows. This is built upon the Qaa’idah (principle):
«آنچه که واجب جز با آن کامل نمیشود، خود واجب است»
“That which the Waajib is not completed except with it, is Waajib”
به همین شکل، برپایی خلافت یا محاسبهی حاکم نیز واجب است، زیرا هر دو بنا بر آنچه شارع در آیات و احادیث بیان کرده، واجباند؛ و واجب جز با برپایی یک ساختار سیاسی که برای برپایی خلافت و محاسبهی حاکم تلاش کند، کامل نمیشود. این به آن دلیل است که فرد نمیتواند بهتنهایی این کار را بر عهده بگیرد، زیرا توان انجام آن و آنچه این کار مستلزم است را ندارد. از این رو، تشکیل یک گروه سیاسی منسجم بر مسلمانان واجب است، زیرا: «آنچه واجب جز با آن کامل نمیشود، خود واجب است». بنابراین، اگر مسلمانان تَکَتُّل (گروهبندی منسجم) تشکیل نمیدادند، گناهکار میبودند، چراکه آنچه را برای انجام و اجرای واجب ضروری است بر عهده نگرفتهاند.
Similar to that is the establishment of the Khalifah or accounting the ruler because these are both Waajib as stated by the Shaari’ in the Aayaat and Ahaadeeth and the Waajib is not completed except by the establishment of a political structure that works to establish the Khalifah and account the ruler. That is because the individual cannot undertake that action because of his incapability to fulfil the undertaking of this action (and what it demands) by himself. As such establishing a political structured bloc is an obligation upon the Muslims because: “That which the Waajib is not completed except with it, is Waajib”. Consequently, if the Muslims did not establish a Takattul (structured grouping) they would be sinful because they would not have undertaken that which is necessary for them to undertake and fulfil the Waajib.
به همین ترتیب، هر امری که واجب جز با آن انجام نمیگیرد، آن امر نیز واجب است. یعنی اگر انجام دادن این امر در توان مکلف باشد، و اگر در توان او نباشد، واجب نیست. و این به سبب گفتار الله تعالی است:
Similarly, in this way, every matter that the Waajib cannot be fulfilled except with it, is Waajib. That is if the undertaking of this matter is within the capability of the Mukallaf and if it is not within his capability then it is not Waajib. That is due to the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا (سورۃ البقرہ، ۲۸۶).
Allah does not burden a person except in accordance to its capability (Al-Baqarah 286).