Al-Fiqh
Al-Fiqh
Makna Al-Fiqh:
The meaning of Al-Fiqh:
Al-Fiqh secara bahasa berarti: 'Al-Fahm' (pemahaman). Allah Ta'ala berfirman melalui lisan Musa (as):
Al-Fiqh linguistically means: ‘Al-Fahm’ (understanding). Allah Ta’Aalaa said upon the tongue of Mousaa (as):
Dan lepaskanlah kekakuan dari lidahku, agar mereka memahami perkataanku. (Thaha: 27-28)
And untie the knot from my tongue (so that) they understand (Fiqh) my speech (TaHa 28).
Artinya, mereka 'memahami' apa yang saya katakan kepada mereka.
Which means that they ‘understand’ what I say to them.
Makna Al-Fiqh menurut Istilah (definisi terminologis) para ‘Ulama Ushul al-Fiqh adalah:
The meaning of Al-Fiqh in accordance to the Istilaah (terminological definition) of the ‘Ulamaa of Usool ul-Fiqh is:
"Ia adalah ‘Ilmu (ilmu pengetahuan) tentang hukum-hukum syariat yang bersifat praktis (Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah) yang diambil dari dalil-dalil terperinci."
‘It is the ‘Ilm (knowledge) of the practical Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah taken from its detailed evidences’.
Penjelasan tentang definisi:
Explanation of the definition:
Al-Ahkaam Ash-Shar'iyah:
Al-Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah:
Yang dimaksud dengan ini adalah: Al-Waajib, Al-Mandoob, Al-Mubaah, Al-Makrooh dan Al-Haraam.
What is intended by this is: Al-Waajib, Al-Mandoob, Al-Mubaah, Al-Makrooh and Al-Haraam.
Yang dimaksud juga: As-Sabab, Ash-Shart, Al-Maani’, Al-‘Azeemah, Ar-Rukhsah serta As-Sihhah, Al-Fasaad dan Al-Butlaan.
What is intended is also: As-Sabab, Ash-Shart, Al-Maani’, Al- ‘Azeemah, Ar-Rukhsah and As-Sihhah, Al-Fasaad and Al-Butlaan.
Al-‘Amaliyyah (praktis):
Al-‘Amaliyyah (practical):
Hal yang berkaitan dengan perbuatan para ‘Ibaad (hamba-hamba Allah) seperti salat, jihad, perdagangan, dan pengangkatan seorang Khalifah bagi kaum Muslimin.
That which has a relationship to the actions of the ‘Ibaad (slaves) like the Salaah, the Jihaad, the trade and appointing a Khalifah for the Muslims.
Al-Mustafaadah:
Al-Mustafaadah:
Yang diambil tanpa istinbath (penarikan hukum) dan yang diambil melalui istinbath.
That which is taken without Istinbaat (deduction) and that which is taken by way of Istinbaat.
Al-Adillah At-Tafseeliyah (dalil-dalil terperinci):
Al-Adillah At-Tafseeliyah (the detailed evidences):
Ini adalah Adillah Al-Juz’iyah (dalil-dalil terperinci), seperti ayat atau hadis, atau sebagian dari keduanya, misalnya: “Aqeemu-s-Salaah” (dirikanlah shalat) dan seperti: “Allah telah menghalalkan jual beli”.
These are the Adillah Al-Juz’iyah (partial evidences) like the Aayah or the Hadeeth or a part from them both like: “Aqeemu-s-Salaah” (establish the prayer) and like: “Allah has made Bai’ (trade) Halaal”.