Tarīqah (metode) para Mutakallimīn dan Tarīqah para Fuqahā’ dalam kaitannya dengan Uṣūl al-Fiqh
Tareeqah (method) of the Mutakallimeen and the Tareeqah of the Fuqahaa’ in relation to Usool ul-Fiqh
1) Tarekat para Mutakallimin:
1) Tareeqah of the Mutakallimeen:
Al-Mutakallimoon adalah sebutan yang diberikan kepada para ‘Ulama yang menggunakan ‘Aql untuk sampai pada penetapan dan penegasan Ushuluddin, seperti Iman kepada Allah dan Iman bahwa Al-Qur’an berasal dari Allah Ta’ala. Gelar ini juga diberikan kepada mereka yang membahas persoalan kema’shuman para Anbiya’ sebelum kenabian, persoalan penentuan Husn dan Qubh secara ‘aqliy, serta persoalan bersyukur kepada Al-Mun’im (Pemberi nikmat), yaitu Allah, dan apakah wajib mendengarkan karena Dalil Asy-Syar’iy atau wajib secara rasional! Mereka juga membahas asal-usul bahasa, apakah bersifat Tawqeefiyah (dari Allah) ataukah Tawfeeqiyah, yakni berdasarkan kesepakatan manusia atasnya.
Al-Mutakallimoon is an expression that was given to the ‘Ulamaa who utilised the ‘Aql to arrive to affirm and establish the Usool ud Deen, like the Imaan in Allah and Imaan in respect to the Qur’aan being from Allah Ta’Aalaa. The title was given to those who looked into the issue of the infallibility of the Anbiyaa’ before Prophethood, the issue of the rational or ‘Aqliy determination of Husn and ‘Aqliy determination of Qubh and the issue of showing gratitude to the Mun’im (the provider of the Ni’mah) who is Allah and whether it is obligatory to listen due to the Daleel Ash-Shar’iy or is it obligatory rationally! They also discussed the origin of languages and whether they are Tawqeefiyah (from Allah) or are they Tawfeeqiyah i.e. by the agreement of the people upon them.
Tareeqah (metode) disebut Tareeqat ul-Mutakallimeen karena dua alasan:
The Tareeqah (method) was called Tareeqat ul-Mutakallimeen for two reasons:
1) Sebagian ulama Mutakallimin memasuki kajian Ushul al-Fiqh dengan cara ini karena mereka mendapati di dalamnya kemiripan yang kuat antara metode tersebut dan metodologi kajian mereka sendiri. Karena itu, mereka mendekati, menelaah, dan mempelajari Ushul al-Fiqh sebagaimana mereka telah mempelajari ‘Ilmul Kalam.
1) Some of the Mutakallimeen entered into the study of Usool ul Fiqh in this method because they found within it a strong resemblance between it and their own methodologies of study. As such they looked into, approached and studied Usool ul-Fiqh just as they had studied the ‘Ilm ul-Kalaam.