العنکبوت (الفکرۃ المشوشۃ) ٤٦-٦٩
Al- Ankabut The Spider (Confused Concepts) 46-69
وَلَا تُجَادِلُوا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا مِنْهُمْ ۖ وَقُولُوا آمَنَّا بِالَّذِي أُنزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَأُنزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ وَإِلَٰهُنَا وَإِلَٰهُكُمْ وَاحِدٌ وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُسْلِمُونَ ﴿٤٦﴾
Do not argue with the people of earlier revelations in other than the most kindly manner, except for those of them who are intent on wrongdoing; and say: ‘We believe in that which has been revealed to us, as well as that which has been revealed to you, for our God and your God is one. It is to Him that we submit ourselves.’ (46)
وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ ۚ فَالَّذِينَ آتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ ۖ وَمِنْ هَٰؤُلَاءِ مَنْ يُؤْمِنُ بِهِ ۚ وَمَا يَجْحَدُ بِآيَاتِنَا إِلَّا الْكَافِرُونَ ﴿٤٧﴾
Thus it is that We have revealed this book to you. Those to whom We have given the Book believe in it, and also among these are some who believe in it. None knowingly rejects Our revelations other than the unbelievers. (47)
وَمَا كُنْتَ تَتْلُو مِنْ قَبْلِهِ مِنْ كِتَابٍ وَلَا تَخُطُّهُ بِيَمِينِكَ إِذًا لَارْتَابَ الْمُبْطِلُونَ ﷺ
Never have you been able to read a book before this, nor have you ever been able to transcribe one with your right hand; or else those who cling to falsehood would have had cause to doubt. (48)
بَلْ هُوَ آيَاتٌ بَيِّنَاتٌ فِي صُدُورِ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ ۚ وَمَا يَجْحَدُ بِآيَاتِنَا إِلَّا الظَّالِمُونَ ﴿٤٩﴾
Nay, but this [Qur’ān] consists of verses that are clear to the hearts of those gifted with real knowledge. None knowingly rejects Our revelations other than the wrongdoers. (49)
وَيَقُولُونَ لَوْلَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ آيَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ ۚ قُلْ إِنَّمَا الْآيَاتُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَإِنَّمَا أَنَا نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ ٥٠
They say: ‘Why have no miraculous signs ever been bestowed upon him from on high by his Lord?’ Say: ‘Signs are in the power of God alone; I am only a plain warner.’ (50)
أَوَلَمْ يَكْفِهِمْ أَنَّا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ يُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَرَحْمَةً وَذِكْرَىٰ لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ ﴿٥١﴾
Is it not enough for them that We have revealed to you this book which is being read out to them? Indeed there is in it much grace and a reminder to people who will believe. (51)
قُلْ كَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ شَهِيدًا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ ۗ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۗ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْبَاطِلِ وَكَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ ﴿٥٢﴾
Say: ‘God is sufficient as a witness between me and you! He knows all that is in the heavens and the earth; and they who believe in falsehood and disbelieve in God will certainly be the losers. (52)
يَسْتَعْجِلُونَكَ بِالْعَذَابِ، وَلَوْلَا أَجَلٌ مُّسَمًّى لَّجَاءَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ. وَلَيَأْتِيَنَّهُم بَغْتَةً وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ
They challenge you to hasten their punishment. Indeed, had not a term been set for it, that punishment would have already come upon them. Still, it will most certainly come upon them of a sudden, and they will be taken unawares.
(53)
(53)
وَيَسْتَعْجِلُونَكَ بِالْعَذَابِ وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ ﴿٥٤﴾
They challenge you to hasten the punishment; but indeed hell is bound to encompass the unbelievers. (54)
يَوْمَ يَغْشَاهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ وَمِنْ تَحْتِ أَرْجُلِهِمْ وَيَقُولُ:
[That will be] on the day when suffering will overwhelm them from above and from beneath their feet. He will then say:
ذُوقُوا مَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
‘Taste now [the result of] your own doings.’ (55)
يَا عِبَادِيَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّ أَرْضِي وَاسِعَةٌ فَإِيَّايَ فَاعْبُدُونِ
You servants of Mine who have believed! Spacious is My earth: worship Me alone, then. (56)
كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذَائِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ ۗ ثُمَّ إِلَيْنَا تُرْجَعُونَ (٥٧)
Every soul shall taste death. Then to Us you all must return. (57)
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَنُبَوِّئَنَّهُم مِّنَ الْجَنَّةِ غُرَفًا تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا
Those who believe and do righteous deeds We shall certainly lodge in lofty mansions in paradise through which running waters flow, therein to abide.
نِعْمَ أَجْرُ العَامِلِينَ، (58)
Excellent is the reward of those who strive, (58)
الَّذِينَ صَبَرُوا وَعَلَىٰ رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ ﴿٥٩﴾
those who are patient in adversity and in their Lord place their trust. (59)
وَكَأَيِّن مِّن دَابَّةٍ لَّا تَحْمِلُ رِزْقَهَا ۖ اللَّهُ يَرْزُقُهَا وَإِيَّاكُمْ ۚ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ (60)
How many a living creature is there that does not bear its sustenance! It is God who provides for them and for you. He alone hears all and knows all. (60)
وَلَئِن سَأَلْتَهُم مَّنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ ۖ فَأَنَّىٰ يُؤْفَكُونَ (٦١)
If you were to ask them: ‘Who is it that has created the heavens and the earth, and made the sun and the moon subservient [to His laws]?’ they will be sure to answer: ‘God.’ How perverted, then, are their minds! (61)
إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَن يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ وَيَقْدِرُ لَهُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ (62)
It is indeed God who grants sustenance in abundance, or gives it in small measure, to whom He wills of His servants. God has full knowledge of everything. (62)
وَلَئِن سَأَلْتَهُم مَّنْ نَّزَّلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَحْيَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ مِن بَعْدِ مَوْتِهَا لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ ۚ قُلِ
If you were to ask them: ‘Who is it that sends water from the skies, thus giving life to the earth after it had been lifeless?’ they will be sure to answer: ‘God.’ Say:
وَقُلِ ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ
All praise is due to God alone!’ Yet most of them are without reason. (63)
وَمَا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا إِلَّا لَهْوٌ وَلَعِبٌ ۚ وَإِنَّ الدَّارَ الْآخِرَةَ لَهِيَ الْحَيَوَانُ ۚ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ (64)
The life of this world is but amusement and play. It is the life to come that is the only true life, if they but knew it. (64)
فَإِذَا رَكِبُوا فِي الْفُلْكِ دَعَوُا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ فَلَمَّا نَجَّاهُمْ إِلَى الْبَرِّ إِذَا هُمْ يُشْرِكُونَ
When they embark on a ship, they call to God, sincere in their faith in Him alone; but as soon as He has brought them safe ashore, they begin to associate partners with Him, (65)
وَلِيَكْفُرُوا بِمَا آتَيْنَاهُمْ ۚ فَتَمَتَّعُوا فَسَوْفَ يَعْلَمُونَ ﴿٦٦﴾
and thus they show their ingratitude for what We have given them, and go on enjoying their worldly life. Before long they will come to know [the truth]. (66)
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّا جَعَلْنَا حَرَمًا آمِنًا وَيُتَخَطَّفُ النَّاسُ مِنْ حَوْلِهِمْ ۚ أَفَبِالْبَاطِلِ يُؤْمِنُونَ وَبِنِعْمَةِ اللَّهِ يَكْفُرُونَ؟ (٦٧)
Are they, then, not aware that We have set up a secure sanctuary while people are being snatched away from all around them? Will they, then, continue to believe in what is false and to deny God’s blessings? (67)
وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ افْتَرَىٰ عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا أَوْ كَذَّبَ بِالْحَقِّ لَمَّا جَاءَهُ ۚ أَلَيْسَ فِي جَهَنَّمَ مَثْوًى لِلْكَافِرِينَ (68)
Who could be more wicked than one who invents lies against God, or denies the truth when it reaches him? Is not hell the proper abode for the unbelievers? (68)
وَالَّذِينَ جَاهَدُوا فِينَا لَنَهْدِيَنَّهُمْ سُبُلَنَا ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمَعَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ ﴿٦٩﴾
But as for those who strive hard in Our cause, We shall most certainly guide them to paths that lead unto Us. God is indeed with those who do good. (69)
نظرة عامة
Overview
كما سبق أن بيّنّا، فإن المحور الرئيسي للسورة هو الابتلاء والمحنة التي يكثر أن يلقاها أهل الإيمان. والغاية منها تمييز المؤمنين عن المنافقين بابتلاءٍ لا يصبر عليه إلا أصحاب الإيمان الراسخ. ويقترن ذلك ببيان القوى الدنيوية التي تعادي الإيمان والمؤمنين وتضع في طريقهم كل أنواع العقبات، وهي قوى تبدو واهية وضعيفة. وتؤكد السورة أن الله سيُهلك الظالمين وينصر الذين يتحلّون بالصبر والثبات في مواجهة الشدائد. وهذا متسق مع جميع الرسالات السابقة منذ زمن نوح. وهو حق ثابت لا محالة، لارتباطه بالحقيقة العظيمة المنعكسة في طبيعة الكون وفي وحدة الرسالة الإلهية.
As we have already explained, the central theme of the sūrah is the test and hardship often encountered by people of faith. The purpose is to distinguish believers from hypocrites through a test that can only be endured by those with firm belief. This is coupled with showing the earthly forces that oppose faith and believers and which place all types of difficulty in their way. These are seen to be weak and flimsy. It confirms that God will destroy the wicked and give support to those who show perseverance and steadfastness in the face of adversity. This is consistent with all past messages since Noah’s time. It will certainly remain true, as it is linked to the great truth reflected in the nature of the universe and in the unity of the divine message.
ذكر في المقطع السابق من السورة أمرٌ للنبي ﷺ وللمؤمنين بتلاوة الكتاب الذي أُوحي إليه، وأُمروا كذلك بالمحافظة على الصلاة بوصفها وسيلةً لذكر الله، وبمراقبة الله الذي يعلم كل ما يفعلون.
The previous passage of the sūrah ended with an instruction to the Prophet and the believers to recite the book that was revealed to him. They were further instructed to attend regularly to prayer as a method of God’s remembrance and to watch God who knows all that they do.
هٰذَا الْمَقْطَعُ الْأَخِيرُ يُوَاصِلُ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ هٰذَا الْكِتَابِ، وَكَذٰلِكَ صِلَتَهُ بِالْكُتُبِ الَّتِي أُنْزِلَتْ فِي الْمَاضِي، بِتَوْجِيهٍ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِأَلَّا يُجَادِلُوا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ الْأَوَّلِينَ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ. وَالِاسْتِثْنَاءُ الْوَحِيدُ الْمَذْكُورُ هُنَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِالظَّالِمِينَ مِنْهُمْ الَّذِينَ حَرَّفُوا كُتُبَهُمْ وَمَالُوا إِلَى الشِّرْكِ، وَهُوَ ظُلْمٌ فَاحِشٌ. وَيُوَجَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ كَذٰلِكَ إِلَى الْإِقْرَارِ بِكُلِّ الرِّسَالَاتِ السَّابِقَةِ وَالْكُتُبِ الْإِلٰهِيَّةِ، لِأَنَّهَا حَقٌّ وَمُصَدِّقَةٌ لِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ.
This final passage continues its discussion of this book, as also its link with books revealed in the past, with an instruction to the believers not to enter into debates with the people of earlier revelations except in accordance with what is best. The only exception made here refers to the wrongdoers among them who had altered their scriptures and leaned towards idolatry, which is flagrant wrongdoing. Believers are further instructed to declare their belief in all past messages and divine books, as they are true and confirm what was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
بِحَسَبِ مَا هُوَ الأَفْضَلُ
According To What Is Best
وَلَا تُجَادِلُوا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا مِنْهُمْ وَقُولُوا آمَنَّا بِالَّذِي أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَأُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ وَإِلَٰهُنَا وَإِلَٰهُكُمْ وَاحِدٌ وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُسْلِمُونَ (46)
Do not argue with the people of earlier revelations in other than the most kindly manner, except for those of them who are intent on wrongdoing, and say: ‘We believe in that which has been revealed to us, as well as that which has been revealed to you, for our God and your God is one. It is to Him that we submit ourselves.’ (Verse 46)
إن الرسالة الإلهية التي بلّغها نوح ثم الرسل الذين جاءوا بعده، حتى خاتم الأنبياء محمد ﷺ، رسالةٌ واحدة بعينها. أنزلها إلهٌ واحد لغاية واحدة، وهي هداية البشر الذين ضلّوا إلى ربهم، وإعادة تربيتهم وفق منهج الحياة الذي رسمه لهم. والمؤمنون بأي رسالة من هذه الرسالات إخوةٌ للمؤمنين بسائر الرسالات، فهم جميعًا أمةٌ واحدة تعبد الإله الواحد. وقد انقسمت البشرية، في جميع الأجيال، إلى فريقين: المؤمنون، وهم حزب الله، والكافرون، وهم حزب الشيطان. وهذا الانقسام يتجاوز الزمان والمكان. وكل جيل من المؤمنين ليس إلا حلقةً من سلسلةٍ طويلةٍ تمتد عبر قرونٍ عديدة.
The divine message preached by Noah and subsequent messengers until the last Prophet, Muhammad, (peace be upon them all), is one and the same message. It was given by one God for one purpose, which is to guide mankind, who have gone astray, back to their Lord and to re-educate them in accordance with the way of life He has laid down. Believers in any of these messages are brethren to the believers in all messages. They are all one community worshipping the One God. Mankind, throughout all generations, has been divided into two groups: the believers, who are God’s party, and the rejecters, who are Satan’s party. This division transcends time and place. Every generation of believers is merely one ring in a long chain stretching over many centuries.
هذه هي الحقيقة العظيمة الجليلة التي تقوم عليها الإسلام، وهي مقررة في هذه الآية التي ترفع العلاقات الإنسانية إلى مستوى أعلى بكثير من مستوى الدم والعرق والجنسية أو المبادلة التجارية، وتمنح هذه العلاقات بعدًا إضافيًا:
This is the great, noble truth that forms the basis of Islam. It is laid down in this verse which puts human relations at a level much higher than that of blood, race, nationality, or commercial exchange. It gives these relations an additional dimension:
تلك الصلة بالله القائمة على عقيدةٍ واحدةٍ تتجاوز العرق واللون والجنسية والزمان والمكان. فلا يبقى إلا الرابطة الأقوى، وهي رابطة الإيمان.
that of a link with God based on a single faith that transcends race, colour, nationality, time and place. This leaves only the strongest tie, that of faith.
ما الحاجة إلى المعجزات؟
What Need For Miracles?
وَيَقُولُونَ لَوْلَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ آيَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ ۗ قُلْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَادِرٌ عَلَىٰ أَنْ يُنَزِّلَ آيَةً وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ
They say: ‘Why have no miraculous signs ever been bestowed upon him from on high by his Lord?’ Say: ‘Signs are in the power of God alone; I am only a plain warner.’ (Verse 50)
ما يريدونه هو معجزات كالتي أُوتيها الرسل السابقون حين كانت البشرية ما تزال في طفولتها. وهذه تكون حجةً قاطعةً للجيل والأمة التي تشهدها وحدها. أما هذه الرسالة الأخيرة فتقدّم هذه الحجة لكل من يبلغه دعوتها إلى آخر حياة البشر. ولذلك جاءت معجزتها في صورة آيات من القرآن الكريم، ذلك الكتاب المعجز الذي يفيض بالعجائب، يفتح كنوزه لكل الأجيال. وهو مؤلَّف من آيات واضحة لقلوب أهل العلم الحقيقي. فإذا تدبّروا آياته أدركوا أنها في الحقيقة آيات معجزة، وعرفوا المصدر الذي تستمد منه قوّتها.
What they want are miracles like those which earlier messengers were given when humanity was still in its infancy. These serve as final evidence only to the generation and community which sees them. This final message, however, provides such evidence to everyone who receives its call until the end of human life. Therefore, its miracle is given in the form of verses of the Qur’ān, a miraculous book which is full of wonders. It opens its treasures to all generations. It is made up of verses that are clear to the hearts of those gifted with real knowledge. As they reflect on its verses they realize that they are in fact miraculous signs and they recognize the source from which they derive their power.
﴿قُلْ إِنَّمَا الْآيَاتُ عِندَ اللَّهِ﴾ (الآية 50) ﴿وَإِنَّمَا أَنَا نَذِيرٌ مُّبِينٌ﴾ ... The first quote is a Qur'an verse, so I'll render it as a verse with its own text, while the explanation is my translation. قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: {قُلْ إِنَّمَا الْآيَاتُ عِندَ اللَّهِ} (الآية 50). إِنَّهُ يُنَزِّلُهَا عِندَمَا تَقْتَضِي الْحَاجَةُ وَفْقَ حِكْمَتِهِ وَتَدْبِيرِهِ. وَلَيْسَ مِنْ شَأْنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَلَا مِنْ شَأْنِ غَيْرِهِ أَنْ يَقْتَرِحَ عَلَى اللَّهِ إِنْزَالَ أَيِّ آيَةٍ. وَقَدْ بَيَّنَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ هٰذَا لَهُمْ، مُوضِّحًا أَنَّهُ مُخَالِفٌ لِأَدَبِهِ وَطَبِيعَتِهِ أَنْ يَقْتَرِحَ مِثْلَ ذٰلِكَ. {وَإِنَّمَا أَنَا نَذِيرٌ مُّبِينٌ} (الآية 50)، أَيْ: أُبَيِّنُ الْأُمُورَ، وَأُبَلِّغُ رِسَالَتِي، وَأُنْذِرُ النَّاسَ. فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذٰلِكَ، فَقَدْ تَمَّتِ الْمُهِمَّةُ الْمُوكَلَةُ إِلَيَّ.
“Say: Signs are in the power of God alone.” (Verse 50) He produces them when there is need according to His own plans. It is not for the Prophet or anyone else to make suggestions to God concerning the provision of any sign. The Prophet tells them this, explaining that it is alien to his manners and nature that he should make such a suggestion. “I am only a plain warner.” (Verse 50) I explain things, deliver my message and warn people. When I have done that, the task assigned to me has been fulfilled.
تعجيل عقوبة الله
Hastening God’s Punishment
تُواصل السورة حديثها عمّا يفعله الكافرون، فتشير إلى استعجالهم عذاب الله، عندما تقترب منهم جهنم.
The sūrah continues its discussion of what the unbelievers do. It refers to their precipitation of God’s punishment, when hell draws close to them:
يَسْتَعْجِلُونَكَ بِالْعَذَابِ، وَلَوْلَا أَجَلٌ مُّسَمًّى لَّجَاءَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ، وَلَيَأْتِيَنَّهُم بَغْتَةً وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ. يَسْتَعْجِلُونَكَ بِالْعَذَابِ، وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ. يَوْمَ يَغْشَاهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِن فَوْقِهِمْ وَمِن تَحْتِ أَرْجُلِهِمْ، وَيَقُولُ ذُوقُوا مَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ. (الآيات 53-55)
They challenge you to hasten their punishment. Indeed, had not a term been set for it, that punishment would have already come upon them. Still, it will most certainly come upon them of a sudden, and they will be taken unawares. They challenge you to hasten the punishment; but indeed hell is bound to encompass the unbelievers. [That will be] on the day when suffering will overwhelm them from above them and from beneath their feet. He will then say: ‘Taste now [the result of] your own doings.’ (Verses 53-55)
ظنّ الكافرون، لمّا سمعوا التحذيرات، أنهم لا يدركون حكمة الله في إمهالهم لهم حتى يتأملوا في مواقفهم؛ ولذلك تحدّوا النبي ﷺ أن يعجّل لهم العقاب. فإن الله كثيرًا ما يُمهل الناس ليستمر الظالمون على طغيانهم وكبرهم. وهو يبتلي المؤمنين أيضًا ليزدادوا قوةً في الإيمان وثباتًا على الصبر. وكذلك فإن الذين لا يثبتون عند الابتلاء ينفضّون من صفوف المؤمنين. كما يُمهلهم ليتبيّن الحق لمن علم الله في قلوبهم خيرًا منهم، فيعرفوا الحق، ويصلحوا أحوالهم، ويقبلوا هدايته؛ وإلا فقد ينشأ أبناؤهم مؤمنين يعبدون الله وحده، مع أن آباءهم كانوا ضالين منحرفين. أو قد يُمهلهم قليلًا لغاية أخرى يريدها الله.
The unbelievers heard the warnings but could not understand God’s wisdom in allowing them time to consider their positions. Hence, they challenged the Prophet to hasten their punishment. God often allows people time so that the wrongdoers continue their wicked and arrogant ways. He also tests the believers so that they grow stronger in faith and perseverance. Moreover, those who cannot remain steadfast when exposed to a test abandon the believers’ ranks. He also allows them time so that those of them whom He knows to have goodness in their hearts recognize the truth, mend their ways and accept His guidance; or else, their own offspring may grow up as believers worshipping Him alone even though their fathers were errant and misguided. Or He may leave them a while for some other purpose of His.
لكن المشركين العرب لم يدركوا حكمة الله ومشيئته المحكمة، ومن هنا جاء تحديّهم الذي يعجّل عقوبتهم بأنفسهم: ﴿وَلَوْلَا أَجَلٌ مُّسَمًّى لَّجَاءَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ﴾ (الآية 53). وعند هذا الحد يتوعدهم الله بالعذاب الذي سيحل بهم في وقته المحدد، ولكن حين لا يتوقعون. وهكذا سيفاجئهم فلا يستطيعون منه فكاكًا: ﴿وَلَيَأْتِيَنَّهُم بَغْتَةً وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ﴾ (الآية 53).
الموت الحتمي
Inevitable Death
تترك السورة الكافرين غير المكترثين في هذا المشهد من العذاب، الذي يحيط بهم من فوقهم ومن تحت أرجلهم. ثم تنتقل إلى مخاطبة المؤمنين الذين يتعرضون للاضطهاد على أيدي الكافرين، الذين يسعون إلى منعهم من عبادة الله. فتأمرهم بأن يحاولوا الفرار من الاضطهاد كي يتمكنوا من أداء دينهم على حقيقته. ويأتي ذلك في صورة خطاب محب يلامس القلب:
The sūrah leaves careless unbelievers in this scene of suffering, one which engulfs them from above and from under their feet. It moves on to address the believers who suffer persecution at the hands of the unbelievers, who aim to prevent them from worshipping God. It tells them to try to flee from persecution so that they can truly practise their faith. This is given in the form of a loving address that touches one’s heart:
{يَا عِبَادِيَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّ أَرْضِي وَاسِعَةٌ فَإِيَّايَ فَاعْبُدُونِ * كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذَائِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ ۗ ثُمَّ إِلَيْنَا تُرْجَعُونَ * وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَنُبَوِّئَنَّهُم مِّنَ الْجَنَّةِ غُرَفًا تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ نِعْمَ أَجْرُ الْعَامِلِينَ * الَّذِينَ صَبَرُوا وَعَلَىٰ رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ * وَكَأَيِّن مِّن دَابَّةٍ لَّا تَحْمِلُ رِزْقَهَا اللَّهُ يَرْزُقُهَا وَإِيَّاكُمْ ۚ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ} (الآيات 56-60)
You servants of Mine who have believed! Spacious is My earth: worship Me alone, then. Every soul shall taste death. Then to Us you all must return. Those who believe and do righteous deeds We shall certainly lodge in lofty mansions in paradise through which running waters flow, therein to abide. Excellent is the reward of those who strive, those who are patient in adversity and in their Lord place their trust. How many a living creature is there that does not bear its sustenance! It is God who provides for them and for you. He alone hears all and knows all. (Verses 56-60)
يا عِبَادِيَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا... خالقُ هذه القلوب، الذي يعلم جميع مشاعرها، وخواطرها العابرة، وإدراكاتها وأفكارها، يخاطبها بمحبةٍ داعياً إياها إلى الهجرة من أجل دينها: «يَا عِبَادِيَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا». هذه الكلمات، منذ بدايتها، تُشعرهم بمكانتهم الحقيقية، وتربطهم بربهم: «عِبَادِي!». هذه هي اللمسة الأولى الحانية، أما الثانية فيُحسّ بها فيما يأتي بعدها: «إِنَّ أَرْضِي وَاسِعَةٌ». أنتم عبادي، وهذه أرضي، وهي واسعة تتسع لكم براحة. فما الذي يُبقيكم إذن في مكانٍ معادٍ، تُظلمون فيه وتُضطهدون بسبب إيمانكم، ولا تستطيعون أن تعبدوا الله في حرية؟ اتركوا هذا المكان الضيق المقيّد، وابحثوا عن مكانٍ آخر في أرضي الواسعة، تتمتعون فيه بحرية العبادة: «إِنَّ أَرْضِي وَاسِعَةٌ فَإِيَّايَ فَاعْبُدُونِ». (الآية 56)
The Creator of these hearts who knows all their feelings, fleeting thoughts, perceptions and ideas addresses them with love, inviting them to emigrate for the sake of their faith: “You servants of mine who have believed.” These words, right from the outset give them a feeling of their true status, linking them to their Lord: Servants of Mine!’ This is the first caring touch, while the second is felt in what comes next: “Spacious is My earth.” You are My servants, and this is My earth, which is spacious and can comfortably accommodate you. What keeps you, then, in a hostile place where you are oppressed and persecuted on account of your faith, and where you cannot worship God in freedom? Leave this narrow and restricted place and find somewhere else in My spacious earth, to enjoy freedom of worship: “Spacious is My earth: worship Me alone.” (Verse 56)
التناقضات في كل مكان
Contradictions Galore
بعد أن أتمّت السورةُ حديثَها القصيرَ مع المؤمنين، تعودُ إلى إبراز التناقضِ الواضحِ في موقفِ المشركين وتصوّراتهم. فهم يقرّون بأنّ الله هو الذي خلق السماواتِ والأرض، وسخّر الشمسَ والقمر، وينزّل المطر، ويُحيي به الأرضَ بعد موتها. وهم يعلمون ما في ذلك من رزقٍ لهم، كثيرًا كان أو قليلًا. ثمّ إذا وقعوا في موقفِ خوفٍ لجؤوا إلى الله وحده يستغيثون به. ومع ذلك كلِّه يُشركون معه غيرَه، ويضطهدون من يعبدون اللهَ وحده، ويحاولون صرفَهم عن إيمانهم المستقيم. وهم غافلون عن نعمةِ الله عليهم؛ فهو الذي منحهم حياةً آمنةً في جوار بيته الحرام، وهم مع ذلك يمارسون الاضطهادَ الدينيّ فيه.
Having completed a short round with the believers, the sūrah then picks up again the clear contradiction in the unbelievers’ position and concepts. They acknowledge that it is God who has created the heavens and the earth, made the sun and the moon subservient, causes rain and quickens the earth after it has been dead. They know what all this involves in providing sustenance for them, either in abundance or small measure. They turn to God alone for help when they are in a situation of fear. Yet in spite of all this, they associate partners with God, persecute those who worship Him alone and try to turn them away from their straightforward faith. They are oblivious to God’s grace. It is He who has given them a life of security in the neighbourhood of His Sacred Mosque where they themselves are guilty of religious oppression.
وَلَئِن سَأَلْتَهُم مَّنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ
If you were to ask them: ‘Who is it that has created the heavens and the earth, and made the sun and the moon subservient [to His laws]?’ they will be sure to answer:
«الله»۔ تو ان کی عقلیں کتنی بگڑی ہوئی ہیں! بے شک اللہ ہی اپنے بندوں میں سے جس کے لیے چاہتا ہے رزق کشادہ کرتا ہے اور جس کے لیے چاہتا ہے تنگ کر دیتا ہے۔ بے شک اللہ ہر چیز کا علم رکھنے والا ہے۔ اور اگر آپ ان سے پوچھیں کہ: ‘‘وہ کون ہے جو آسمان سے پانی برساتا ہے، پھر اس کے ذریعے مردہ زمین کو زندہ کر دیتا ہے؟’’ تو وہ ضرور کہیں گے: ‘‘الله’’۔ کہہ دیجیے: ‘‘تمام تعریف اللہ ہی کے لیے ہے!’’ لیکن ان میں سے اکثر عقل نہیں رکھتے۔ دنیا کی یہ زندگی محض کھیل تماشا ہے۔ اصل زندگی تو آخرت کی زندگی ہے، کاش وہ جانتے۔ جب وہ کشتی میں سوار ہوتے ہیں تو اللہ کو پکارتے ہیں، اسی کے لیے اپنے دین کو خالص کرتے ہوئے؛ لیکن جب وہ انھیں خشکی پر بچا کر لے آتا ہے تو فوراً شرک کرنے لگتے ہیں، تاکہ اس نعمت کی ناشکری کریں جو ہم نے انھیں دی ہے اور دنیا کی زندگی سے فائدہ اٹھاتے رہیں۔ عنقریب وہ جان لیں گے۔ کیا وہ دیکھتے نہیں کہ ہم نے حرم کو ایک پُرامن جگہ بنایا ہے، جبکہ لوگ ان کے ارد گرد سے اچک لیے جاتے ہیں؟ تو کیا وہ باطل پر ایمان رکھتے رہیں گے اور اللہ کی نعمتوں کا انکار کرتے رہیں گے؟ اور اس سے بڑا ظالم کون ہوگا جو اللہ پر جھوٹ باندھے، یا حق کو جھٹلائے جب وہ اس کے پاس آ جائے؟ کیا جہنم کافروں کا ٹھکانا نہیں ہے؟ (آیات 61-68)
‘God.’ How perverted, then, are their minds! It is indeed God who grants sustenance in abundance, or gives it in small measure, to whom He wills of His servants. God has full knowledge of everything. If you were to ask them: ‘Who is it that sends water from the skies, thus giving life to the earth after it had been lifeless?’ they will be sure to answer: ‘God.’ Say: All praise is due to God alone!’ Yet most of them are without reason. The life of this world is but amusement and play. It is the life to come that is the only true life, if they but knew it. When they embark on a ship, they call to God, sincere in their faith in Him alone; but as soon as He has brought them safe ashore, they begin to associate partners with Him, and thus they show their ingratitude for what We have given them, and go on enjoying their worldly life. Before long they will come to know [the truth]. Are they, then, not aware that We have set up a secure sanctuary while people are being snatched away from all around them? Will they, then, continue to believe in what is false and to deny God’s blessings? Who could be more wicked than one who invents lies against God, or denies the truth when it reaches him? Is not hell the proper abode for the unbelievers? (Verses 61-68)
13 وسیأتی مزید بحث لہذا الجانب فی تفسیر الآیۃ التی تقول: ﴿وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ فَقَدَّرَهُ تَقْدِيرًا﴾ (الفرقان: 2) فی الجزء الثانی عشر، ص 393-295.
13 Further discussion of this aspect is made in commenting on the verse that says: “It is He who has created all things and ordained them in due proportions.” (25: 2) in Vol. XII, pp. 393-295.