سورة الممتحنة (المختبَرات) Note: the user's message is a heading/label; per instructions, translate it. The heading translation is above.
Al-Mumtahanah (Women Tested) 1-13
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا عَدُوِّي وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِم بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَقَدْ كَفَرُوا بِمَا جَاءَكُم مِّنَ الْحَقِّ يُخْرِجُونَ الرَّسُولَ وَإِيَّاكُمْ أَن تُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ رَبِّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ خَرَجْتُمْ جِهَادًا فِي سَبِيلِي وَابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاتِي تُسِرُّونَ إِلَيْهِم بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَأَنَا أَعْلَمُ بِمَا أَخْفَيْتُمْ وَمَا أَعْلَنتُمْ وَمَن يَفْعَلْهُ مِنكُمْ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَاءَ السَّبِيلِ [الممتحنة: ١]
In the Name of God, the Lord of Grace, the Ever Merciful Believers! Do not take My enemies, who are your enemies as well, for your friends, showing them affection when they have rejected the truth you have received, and have driven the Messenger and yourselves out only because you believe in God, your Lord. If you have left your homes to strive in My cause and to seek My pleasure, then do not secretly lean towards them with affection. I well know all that you conceal and all that you reveal. Whoever of you does this has already strayed from the right path. (1)
إِنْ يَثْقَفُوكُمْ يَكُونُوا لَكُمْ أَعْدَاءً وَيَبْسُطُوا إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَأَلْسِنَتَهُم بِالسُّوءِ وَوَدُّوا لَوْ تَكْفُرُونَ
If they get the better of you, they will remain your enemies and stretch out their hands and tongues to you with evil. They dearly wish to see you unbelievers.
(2)
(2)
لَن تَنفَعَكُمْ أَرْحَامُكُمْ وَلَا أَوْلَادُكُمْ ۚ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَكُمْ ۚ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ ﴿٣﴾
Neither your kinsfolk nor your own children will be of any benefit to you. On the Day of Resurrection He will decide between you. God sees all that you do. (3)
لَقَدْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ، إِذْ قَالُوا لِقَوْمِهِمْ: إِنَّا بُرَآءُ مِنْكُمْ وَمِمَّا تَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ، كَفَرْنَا بِكُمْ، وَبَدَا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمُ الْعَدَاوَةُ وَالْبَغْضَاءُ أَبَدًا حَتَّى تُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ. إِلَّا قَوْلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لِأَبِيهِ: لَأَسْتَغْفِرَنَّ لَكَ وَمَا أَمْلِكُ لَكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ، رَبَّنَا عَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْنَا وَإِلَيْكَ أَنَبْنَا وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ. (4)
You have a good example in Abraham and those who followed him, when they said to their people: ‘We disown you and what you worship instead of God. We reject you. The enmity and hate that have arisen between us and you will last until you believe in God alone.’ The only exception was Abraham, when he said to his father, ‘I shall pray for forgiveness for you, although it is not in my power to be of any avail to you against God.’ ‘Our Lord! In You we have placed our trust, and to You do we turn, and with You is the final destination. (4)
رَبَّنَا لَا تَجْعَلْنَا فِتْنَةً لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا رَبَّنَا ۚ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ ٥
Our Lord! Do not make of us a test for the unbelievers. Forgive us, Lord. You are the Almighty, the Wise.’ (5)
لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِيهِمْ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِّمَن كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ ۚ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ ﴿٦﴾
In them, indeed, you have a good example for everyone who looks forward with hope to God and the Last Day. Anyone who turns away should remember that God is truly self-sufficient, worthy of all praise. (6)
عَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَجْعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ عَادَيْتُم مِّنْهُم مَّوَدَّةً
It may well be that God will bring about affection between you and those who are now your enemies.
اللَّهُ قَوِيٌّ قَاهِرٌ، وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ كَثِيرُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ دَائِمُ الرَّحْمَةِ. (7)
God is all powerful; God is much forgiving, ever merciful. (7)
لَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ أَنْ تَبَرُّوهُمْ وَتُقْسِطُوا إِلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ ٨
God does not forbid you to deal kindly and with full equity with those who do not fight you on account of your faith, nor drive you out of your homes. God loves those who behave equitably. (8)
إِنَّمَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَأَخْرَجُوكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ وَظَاهَرُوا عَلَىٰ إِخْرَاجِكُمْ أَنْ تَوَلَّوْهُمْ ۚ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ (٩)
God only forbids you to turn in friendship towards those who fight against you because of your faith, and drive you from your homes, and help others to drive you out. Those of you who turn towards them in friendship are indeed wrongdoers. (9)
یَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ ۖ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَانِهِنَّ ۖ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ ۖ لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ ۖ وَآتُوهُم مَّا أَنفَقُوا ۚ
Believers! When believing women come to you as migrants, test them. God knows best their faith. If you ascertain that they are believers, do not send them back to the unbelievers. They are no longer lawful [as wives] for the unbelievers, and these are no longer lawful to them. None the less, hand back to the unbelievers the dowries they have paid them.
لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ. وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ وَاسْأَلُوا مَا أَنْفَقْتُمْ وَلْيَسْأَلُوا مَا أَنْفَقُوا ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ ۖ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
It is no offence for you to marry them after giving them their dow ries. Do not hold on to marriage ties with unbelieving women. Ask for repayment of the dowries you have paid, just as they have the right to ask for repayment of their dowries. Such is Gods judgement.
يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْعَدْلِ
He judges between you in equity.
الله عليمٌ حكيم.
God is all-knowing, wise. (10)
وَإِنْ فَاتَكُمْ شَيْءٌ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ فَعَاقَبْتُمْ فَآتُوا الَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَاجُهُمْ مِثْلَ مَا أَنْفَقُوا
Should any of your wives go over to the unbelievers and you subsequently acquire gains from them, then pay those whose wives have gone away the equivalent of whatever dowry they had paid.
اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي أَنْتُمْ بِهِ مُؤْمِنُونَ
Fear God, in whom you believe.
(11)
(11)
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَىٰ أَن لَّا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا يَزْنِينَ وَلَا يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ وَلَا يَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَانٍ يَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ وَأَرْجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ فَبَايِعْهُنَّ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
Prophet! When believing women come and pledge to you that they will not associate any partner with God, nor steal, nor commit adultery, nor kill their children, nor lie about who fathered their children, nor disobey you in anything reasonable, then accept their pledge of allegiance and pray to God to forgive them. God is most forgiving, ever merciful.
(12)
(12)
يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تتخذوا قوماً غضب الله عليهم قد يئسوا من الآخرة كما يئس الكفار من أصحاب القبور {13}
Believers! Do not take as friends any people with whom God is angry. They despair of the life to come just as the unbelievers despair of those buried in their graves. (13)
ما هي الصداقات؟
What Friends?
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا عَدُوِّي وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِم بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَقَدْ كَفَرُوا بِمَا جَاءَكُم مِّنَ الْحَقِّ يُخْرِجُونَ الرَّسُولَ وَإِيَّاكُمْ أَن تُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ رَبِّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ خَرَجْتُمْ جِهَادًا فِي سَبِيلِي وَابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاتِي تُسِرُّونَ إِلَيْهِم بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَأَنَا أَعْلَمُ بِمَا أَخْفَيْتُمْ وَمَا أَعْلَنتُمْ وَمَن يَفْعَلْهُ مِنكُمْ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَاءَ السَّبِيلِ ﷺ إِن يَثْقَفُوكُمْ يَكُونُوا لَكُمْ أَعْدَاءً وَيَبْسُطُوا إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَأَلْسِنَتَهُم بِالسُّوءِ وَوَدُّوا لَوْ تَكْفُرُونَ
Believers! Do not take My enemies, who are your enemies as well, for your friends, showing them affection when they have rejected the truth you have received, and have driven the Messenger and yourselves out only because you believe in God your Lord. If you have left your homes to strive in My cause and to seek My pleasure, then do not secretly lean towards them with affection. I well know all that you conceal and all that you reveal. Whoever of you does this has already strayed from the right path. If they get the better of you, they will remain your enemies and stretch out their hands and tongues to you with evil. They dearly wish to see you unbelievers. (Verses 1-2)
هذه السورة تبدأ بهذا الخطاب الودود الملهم، إذ يدعو المؤمنين. إنه خطاب من ربهم الذي يؤمنون به، يناديهم باسم الإيمان الذي يربطهم به، ليتأملوا بعناية في موقفهم. وهو يحذّرهم أيضاً من مكائد أعدائهم، ويذكّرهم بالمهمة التي أُنيطت بهم.
The surah begins with this friendly and inspiring address, calling on ‘believers. It is an address by their Lord in whom they believe, who calls on them in the name of faith that establishes their bond with Him, to carefully consider their position. He also warns them against their enemies schemes and reminds them of the task they have been assigned.
يُحِبُّ اللهُ أَوْلِيَاءَهُ بِلُطْفٍ وَوُدٍّ، فَيَجْعَلُ أَعْدَاءَهُمْ أَعْدَاءَهُ.
In a kindly and friendly way, God makes their enemies His enemies:
“ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا عَدُوِّي وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِم بِالْمَوَدَّةِ ” (الآية 1). وبذلك يجعل المؤمنين يشعرون أنهم ينتمون إليه، فمن عاداهم فقد عاداه. وهم الذين يحملون شعاره في الأرض، وهم الذين يحبهم. ولذلك يُتصوَّر ألّا يُظهروا المودة لمن هم أعداؤه وأعداؤهم.
“ Believers! Do not take My enemies, who are your enemies as well, for your friends, showing them affection.” (Verse 1) Thus, He makes the believers feel that they belong to Him. Whoever is hostile to them is actually hostile to Him. They are the people who bear His insignia on earth and the ones He loves. Therefore, it is inconceivable that they should show affection to those who are His and their enemies.
علاقة تاريخية طويلة
A Long Historical Relation
تُنشئ الجولة الثالثة صلةً واضحةً بين جميع المسلمين والجيل الأول من المؤمنين بوحدانية الله. فهم جميعًا ينضمّون إلى المسيرة ذاتها التي تمضي عبر أجيال لا تُحصى، يتميّزون بالإيمان، ويتخلّون عن كل الروابط إلا الإيمان. وهم جميعًا أمّةٌ واحدة، تبدأ بإبراهيم، الذي دعا إلى الصورة الأولى للدين الخالص.
The third round establishes a clear link between all Muslims and the first generation of believers in God’s oneness. They all join the same procession that moves across countless generations, distinguished by faith and shedding all ties except faith. They are all the same community, starting with Abraham, who preached the first version of the pure faith.
ولقد ضرب لنا مثلًا يُحتذى، لا في الإيمان وحده، بل في العمل أيضًا؛ فقد جاهد رابطة القرابة، حتى تمكّن هو ومن معه من تطهير مشاعرهم من كل رابطة سوى رابطة الإيمان. ﷺ
He provided an example to be followed, not only in faith but also in practice. He struggled with the bonds of kinship before he, and those with him, managed to purge their feelings of any bond other than that of faith:
لَقَدْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ، إِذْ قَالُوا لِقَوْمِهِمْ: إِنَّا بُرَآءُ مِنْكُمْ وَمِمَّا تَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ، كَفَرْنَا بِكُمْ، وَبَدَا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمُ الْعَدَاوَةُ وَالْبَغْضَاءُ أَبَدًا حَتَّىٰ تُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ. إِلَّا قَوْلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لِأَبِيهِ: لَأَسْتَغْفِرَنَّ لَكَ، وَمَا أَمْلِكُ لَكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ. رَبَّنَا عَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْنَا، وَإِلَيْكَ أَنَبْنَا، وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ. رَبَّنَا لَا تَجْعَلْنَا فِتْنَةً لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا، وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا رَبَّنَا، إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ. لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِيهِمْ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ، وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ. (الممتحنة: ٤-٦)
You have a good example in Abraham and those who followed him, when they said to their people: 'We disown you and what you worship instead of God. We reject you. The enmity and hate that have arisen between us and you will last until you believe in God alone.' The only exception was Abraham, when he said to his father, 7 shall pray for forgiveness for you, although it is not in my power to be of any avail to you against God.’ 'Our Lord! In You we have placed our trust, and to You do we turn, and with You is the final destination. Our Lord! Do not make of us a test for the unbelievers. Forgive us, Lord. You are the Almighty, the Wise. 'In them, indeed, you have a good example for everyone who looks forward with hope to God and the Last Day. Anyone who turns away should remember that God is truly self-sufficient, worthy of all praise. (Verses 4-6)
عندما يتأمل المسلم في هذه الآيات، يكتشف أن له سلفًا عظيمًا راسخًا، وتاريخًا طويلًا، وقدوةً وُضعت منذ زمن بعيد. يعود إلى إبراهيم، لا في إيمانه فحسب، بل في تجربته الشخصية أيضًا. وبذلك تتجاوز تجربته حدود ذاته وحدود جيله. فقد مرّ أناس في هذا الموكب العظيم من المؤمنين بتجربة شبيهة بما يواجهه الآن، فانتهوا إلى نتيجة معيّنة، واتخذوا قرارًا حازمًا.
من يُقاطَع
Whom To Boycott
يَعْلَمُ اللهُ مَدَى شَوْقِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْأَوَائِلِ إِلَى أَنْ تَنْتَهِيَ الْعَدَاوَةُ وَالصِّرَاعُ مَعَ قَوْمِهِمْ. لِذَا تَرْفَعُ السُّورَةُ أَمَامَهُمُ الرَّجَاءَ بِأَنْ يَنْضَمَّ أُولَئِكَ الْأَعْدَاءُ يَوْمًا إِلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَيَقْبَلُوا الدِّينَ الْإِسْلَامِيَّ. وَبِذَلِكَ تَحِلُّ مَحَلَّ الْعَدَاوَةِ بَيْنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ مَوَدَّةٌ رَاسِخَةُ الْأُسُسِ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ السُّورَةَ تُخَفِّفُ عَنْهُمْ عِبْئَهُمْ، فَتُبَيِّنُ الْقَاعِدَةَ الْأَسَاسِيَّةَ الَّتِي تَقُومُ عَلَيْهَا الْعَلَاقَاتُ الدَّوْلِيَّةُ بَيْنَ الْجَمَاعَةِ الْمُسْلِمَةِ وَسَائِرِ الدُّوَلِ.
God knows how eager the early Muslims were to see the hostility and conflict with their own people come to an end. Therefore, the surah raises before them the hope that those enemies might yet join the Muslims and accept the Islamic faith. In this way, hostility between the two camps would be replaced by firmly-based affection. Again, the surah lightens their burden, stating the main rule on which international relations between the Muslim community and other powers are based.
وعليه، فإن المقاطعة والعداوة لا تُطبَّق إلا في حالات العدوان والاعتداء من الكفار. أما إذا لم يكن هناك عدوان على المسلمين ولم تكن ثمة عداوة، فعلى المسلمين أن يعاملوا غيرهم بالإحسان بحسب ما يستحقون، مع الالتزام الدائم بالإنصاف والعدل:
Thus, boycott and enmity are applied only in cases of aggression and hostility by unbelievers. When there is no aggression against Muslims and hostilities are absent, then Muslims should treat others kindly, as they deserve, always maintaining fairness and justice:
عَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَجْعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ عَادَيْتُم مِّنْهُم مَّوَدَّةً ۚ وَاللَّهُ قَدِيرٌ ۚ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ لَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُم مِّن دِيَارِكُمْ أَن تَبَرُّوهُمْ وَتُقْسِطُوا إِلَيْهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ إِنَّمَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَأَخْرَجُوكُم مِّن دِيَارِكُمْ وَظَاهَرُوا عَلَىٰ إِخْرَاجِكُمْ أَن تَوَلَّوْهُمْ ۚ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ
It may well be that God will bring about affection between you and those who are now your enemies. God is all powerful; God is much forgiving, ever merciful. God does not forbid you to deal kindly and with full equity with those who do not fight you on account of your faith, nor drive you out of your homes. God loves those who behave equitably. God only forbids you to turn in friendship towards those who fight against you because of your faith, and drive you from your homes, and help others to drive you out. Those of you who turn towards them in friendship are indeed wrongdoers. (Verses 7-9)
الإسلام دينُ السلام، وعقيدةٌ قائمةٌ على المحبة. إنه لا يريد إلا أن ينتفع الناسُ بمنهجه القويم في الحياة، وأن يطبّقوه. وهو يريد أن يجتمع الناسُ جميعًا، تحت راية الله، في أخوّةٍ قائمةٍ على المحبة. ولا يحول دون ذلك شيءٌ سوى عدوان أعداء الإسلام.
المهاجرات
Women Migrants
تُصدِرُ السورةُ حُكمًا بشأنِ النِّساءِ المؤمناتِ اللَّاتي قد يَنضممْنَ إلى جماعةِ المسلمين.
The surah issues a ruling concerning women believers who might join the Muslim community:
ياأيها الذين آمنوا إذا جاءكم المؤمنات مهاجرات فامتحنوهن
Believers! When believing women come to you as migrants, test them.
اللهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَانِهِنَّ، فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ، لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ.
God knows best their faith. If you ascertain that they are believers, do not send them back to the unbelievers. They are no longer lawful [as wives]for the unbelievers, and these are no longer lawful to them.
وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ وَاسْأَلُوا مَا أَنْفَقْتُمْ وَلْيَسْأَلُوا مَا أَنْفَقُوا Note: the rules say to reply with the translation only, so the above is the Qur'an verse text in Arabic as it would appear, but I should be careful: the user's text is English, and I translated it as a verse. Here is the faithful translation of the given English text: ومع ذلك، ارُدّوا إلى الكفار المهور التي دفعوها لهنّ. ولا جناح عليكم أن تنكحوهنّ إذا آتيتموهنّ أجورهنّ. ولا تمسكوا بعصم الكوافر.
None the less, hand back to the unbelievers the dowries they have paid them. It is no offence for you to marry them after giving them their dowries. Do not hold on to marriage ties with unbelieving women.
وَاسْأَلُوا مَا أَنْفَقْتُمْ وَلْيَسْأَلُوا مَا أَنْفَقُوا ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ ۖ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
Ask for repayment of the dowries you have paid, just as they have the right to ask for repayment of their dowries. Such is God's judgement.
{يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ} وَإِنْ فَاتَكُمْ شَيْءٌ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ فَعَاقَبْتُمْ فَآتُوا الَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَاجُهُمْ مِثْلَ مَا أَنْفَقُوا ۖ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي أَنْتُمْ بِهِ مُؤْمِنُونَ. (الآيتان 10-11)
He judges between you in equity. God is all-knowing, wise. Should any of your wives go over to the unbelievers and you subsequently acquire gains from them, then pay those whose wives have gone away the equivalent of whatever dowry they had paid. Fear God, in whom you believe. (Verses 10-11)
أبرم النبي ﷺ صلح الحديبية مع قريش في مكة، ونصّ هذا الصلح على شرط يقضي بأن يردّ النبي ﷺ والمسلمون إليهم كل من التحق بالمسلمين، وإن كان ذلك الشخص مسلماً. وتذكر الروايات أنه لما كان النبي ﷺ على وشك مغادرة الحديبية، جاءه بعض النساء يطلبن الانضمام إلى جماعة المسلمين في المدينة.
١. ينبغي أن يُذكر هنا أن النبي ﷺ والمسلمين التزموا بهذه المعاهدة منذ اللحظة الأولى بعد توقيعها. وما إن تمّ توقيع المعاهدة حتى رأى سهيل بن عمرو، المفاوض عن قريش، ابنه قادمًا إلى معسكر المسلمين طالبًا اللجوء. كان ابنه مسلمًا، لكن أباه كان قد حبسه وحاول إرغامه على الرجوع إلى الشرك.
1. It should be mentioned here that the Prophet and the Muslims abided by this treaty, right from the first moment after its signing. Hardly had the treaty been so signed when Suhayl ibn ‘Amr, the Quraysh negotiator, saw his son coming to the Muslim camp seeking refuge. He was a Muslim but his father had imprisoned him and tried to force him to revert to idolatry.
طالب سُهيل بأن يُردَّ إليه ابنه، فأجاب النبي ﷺ طلبه.
Suhayl demanded that his son be handed back to him, and the Prophet granted his request.
أوضح أن المسلمين يوفون دائمًا بعهودهم. وقد تناولت الأحداث التي أدت إلى توقيع هذه المعاهدة بالتفصيل في تفسير سورة الفتح في هذا المجلد. - ملاحظة المحررين.
He explained that Muslims are always true to their pledges. The events leading to the signing of this peace treaty are dealt with in detail in the commentary on Surah 48 in this volume. - Editors note.
بيعةُ النساء
Women’s Pledge Of Allegiance
ثُمَّ يُؤْمَرُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِبَيَانِ كَيْفِيَّةِ مُبَايَعَةِ النِّسَاءِ، وَمَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تَكُونَ عَلَيْهِ شُرُوطُ مُبَايَعَتِهِنَّ.
The Prophet is then instructed on how women should pledge their allegiance, and what the terms of their pledge should be:
يا أيها النبي إذا جاءك المؤمنات يبايعنك على أن لا يشركن بالله شيئا ولا يسرقن ولا يزنين ولا يقتلن أولادهن ولا يأتين ببهتان يفترينه بين أيديهن وأرجلهن ولا يعصينك في معروف فبايعهن واستغفر لهن الله إن الله غفور رحيم ﷺ
Prophet! When believing women come and pledge to you that they will not associate any partner with God, nor steal, nor commit adultery, nor kill their children, nor lie about who fathered their children, nor disobey you in anything reasonable, then accept their pledge of allegiance and pray to God to forgive them. God is most forgiving, ever merciful. (Verse 12)
تُبيّن هذه الشروط أهمّ أركان الإيمان، وتضع الإطار للنظام الاجتماعي الجديد الذي أقامه الإسلام. وتشمل: ألّا يُشرك المرء بالله شيئًا على أيّ وجه كان. وتؤكّد أيضًا ألّا تُرتكب الجرائم ذات العقوبات المقرّرة، كالسرقة والزنا. وتتعهّد النساء كذلك ألّا يقتلن أولادهنّ. وهذا إشارة إلى ما كان عليه أهل الجاهلية من وأد البنات، ويشمل قتل الأجنّة لأيّ سبب كان. والمرأة مؤتمنة على حملها. ومن شروط البيعة التي تقدّمها النساء أن لا يأتين ببهتانٍ يفترينه بين أيديهنّ وأرجلهنّ. قال ابن عباس: "معناه ألّا ينسبن إلى أزواجهنّ ولدًا ليس منهم". وقال بمثل ذلك مقاتل. ولعلّ هذا الشرط، لمجيئه بعد شرط الامتناع عن الزنا بالكلية، جاء ليعالج بعض ممارسات الجاهلية، حين كانت المرأة تُخالط عدّة رجال، فإذا ولدت ولدًا اختارت له أباه من بينهم بحسب الشبه، أو على أساس آخر، وقد تعرف أباه الحقيقي. ومع ذلك يشمل النص هذه الحالة وكلّ ضروب الكذب في هذا الباب. ولعلّ ابن عباس ومقاتلًا إنما أشارا إلى هذه الحالة بعينها لوقوع حادثة بهذا الشأن في ذلك الزمان.
These terms outline the major elements of faith, and provide the framework of the new social system established by Islam. They comprise associating no partners with God in any way whatsoever. They confirm that offences with prescribed penalties, such as theft and adultery, should never be committed. Women should also pledge never to kill their children. This is a reference to the pre-Islamic practice of burying girls alive, and includes killing embryos for any reason. Women are placed in trust of their pregnancies. Another term of the pledge women give is that they should never “ lie about who fathered their children”2 I bn ‘Abbas says: “This means that they must not attribute to their husbands any child that does not belong to them. The same view is stated by Muqatil. Perhaps this term, coming as it does after that of refraining from adultery altogether, was to address some practices of pre-Islamic days, when a woman might sleep with several men and when she gave birth to a child, she would choose its father from among them on the basis of looks, or perhaps on some other basis when she knew who its true father was. However, the text includes this and any other case of falsehood in this regard. Perhaps Ibn ‘Abbas and Muqatil referred to this particular situation because of a case at the time.
2. وهناك ترجمة أكثر حرفية لهذا الشرط من شروط البيعة، وهي: «ولا يأتين ببهتان يفترينه بين أيديهن وأرجلهن». والترجمة المختارة مبنية على آراء معظم كبار العلماء، كما يُشار إليه في التعليق السابق. - ملاحظة المحررين.
2. A more literal translation of this term of the pledge is “nor perpetrate any falsehood of their invention with regard to what is between their hands and legs.” The chosen translation is based on the views of most leading scholars, as indicated in the commentary above. - Editors note.