الأنعام (قانون العقوبة الإلهية) 154 - 165
Al-an`ām ( The Law Of Divine Retribution) 154 - 165
ثُمَّ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ تَمَامًا عَلَى الَّذِي أَحْسَنَ وَتَفْصِيلًا لِّكُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةً لَّعَلَّهُم بِلِقَاءِ رَبِّهِمْ يُؤْمِنُونَ
Moreover, We gave Moses the Book in fulfilment [of Our favour] upon him who would do right, clearly spelling out everything, and providing guidance and grace, so that they might believe in the meeting with their Lord." (154)
وَهٰذَا كِتَابٌ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ مُبَارَكٌ
And this is a Book which We have bestowed from on high, a blessed one.
فَاتَّبِعُوهُ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ (١٥٥)
Follow it, then, and be conscious of God, so that you might be graced with His mercy." (155)
[أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكُمُ الْكِتَابُ] لِئَلَّا تَقُولُوا: إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَىٰ طَائِفَتَيْنِ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا، وَإِنْ كُنَّا عَنْ دِرَاسَتِهِمْ لَغَافِلِينَ۔ (١٥٦)
[It has been given to you] lest you say, “Only two groups of people before our time have received revelations from on high; and we were unaware of what they learned.” (156)
أَوْ تَقُولُوا لَوْ أَنَّا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْنَا الْكِتَابُ لَكُنَّا أَهْدَىٰ مِنْهُمْ ۚ فَقَدْ جَاءَكُم بَيِّنَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةٌ ۚ فَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّن كَذَّبَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَصَدَفَ عَنْهَا ۚ سَنَجْزِي الَّذِينَ يَصْدِفُونَ عَنْ آيَاتِنَا سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ بِمَا كَانُوا يَصْدِفُونَ ﴿١٥٧﴾
Or lest you say, “If a Book had been revealed to us, we would surely have followed its guidance better than they did.” Now then a clear evidence of the truth has come to you from your Lord, and guidance, and grace. Who could be more wicked than he who denies God’s revelations and turns away from them in disdain? We shall punish those who turn away from Our revelations in disdain with grave suffering for so turning away. (157)
هَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَأْتِيَهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ أَوْ يَأْتِيَ رَبُّكَ أَوْ يَأْتِيَ بَعْضُ آيَاتِ رَبِّكَ ۗ يَوْمَ يَأْتِي بَعْضُ آيَاتِ رَبِّكَ لَا يَنْفَعُ نَفْسًا إِيمَانُهَا لَمْ تَكُنْ آمَنَتْ مِنْ قَبْلُ أَوْ كَسَبَتْ فِي إِيمَانِهَا خَيْرًا ۗ قُلِ انْتَظِرُوا إِنَّا مُنْتَظِرُونَ ﴿١٥٨﴾
Are they waiting for the angels to come to them, or for your Lord [Himself], or certain of your Lord’s signs to appear? On the day when certain of your Lord’s signs do appear, believing will be of no avail to any human being who did not believe before, or who did not put its faith to good uses. Say: Wait if you will; we too are waiting. (158)
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَرَّقُوا دِينَهُمْ وَكَانُوا شِيَعًا لَسْتَ مِنْهُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ
As for those who have broken the unity of their faith and have become sects, you certainly have nothing to do with them.
أَمْرُهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ يُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ
Their case rests with God. In time He will tell them the truth of what they were doing.(159)
مَن جَاءَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُ عَشْرُ أَمْثَالِهَا، وَمَن جَاءَ بِالسَّيِّئَةِ فَلَا يُجْزَىٰ إِلَّا مِثْلَهَا، وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ (160)
Whoever does a good deed shall be credited with ten times as much; and whoever does an evil deed will be requited with no more than its like. None shall be wronged.(160)
قُلْ إِنَّنِي هَدَانِي رَبِّي إِلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ دِينًا قِيَمًا مِّلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ
Say: My Lord has guided me to a straight way, to an ever-true faith; the way of Abraham, who turned away from all that is false, and was not of those who associate partners with God. (161)
قُلْ إِنَّ صَلَاتِي وَنُسُكِي وَمَحْيَايَ وَمَمَاتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ {162}
Say: My prayers, my worship, my living and my dying are for God alone, the Lord of all the worlds. (162)
لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَبِذَلِكَ أُمِرْتُ، وَأَنَا أَوَّلُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ۔ (163)
He has no partner. Thus have I been commanded, and I shall be the first of those who surrender themselves to Him. (163)
أَفَغَيْرَ اللَّهِ أَبْغِي رَبًّا وَهُوَ رَبُّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ
Say: Am I, then, to seek a lord other than God, when He is the Lord of all things?
وَلَا تَكْسِبُ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ إِلَّا عَلَيْهَا ۚ وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَىٰ ۚ ثُمَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكُم مَّرْجِعُكُمْ فَيُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمْ فِيهِ تَخْتَلِفُونَ ﴿١٦٤﴾
Whatever wrong any human being commits rests upon himself alone. No one shall be made to bear the burden of another. In time, to your Lord you all must return; and then He will tell you the truth of all that over which you were in dispute. (164)
وَهُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَكُمْ خَلَائِفَ الْأَرْضِ وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَكُمْ فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ دَرَجَاتٍ لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ فِي مَا آتَاكُمْ
He it is who has made you inherit the earth and has raised some of you by degrees above others, so that He might try you by means of what He has bestowed upon you.
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَسَرِيعُ الْعِقَابِ وَإِنَّهُ لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
For certain, your Lord is swift in retribution; yet, He is indeed much forgiving, merciful. (165)
نظرة عامة
Overview
يتواصل في هذا المقطع الموضوع الرئيس في الجزء الأخير من السورة، الذي يركز على سيادة الله، وسلطانه في التشريع، وصلتهما الوثيقة بالإيمان. فهو يتحدث عن الأصول الكبرى للإيمان فيما يتعلق بالسيادة والتشريع، بينما تناول الجزء الأول من السورة هذه الأصول في علاقتها بالإيمان. وبهذا توضح السورة أن القضايا المتعلقة بالحكم والسيادة هي ذاتها القضايا المتعلقة بالإيمان. ويؤكد القرآن هذه الحقيقة بأشد ما يكون من التأكيد. وعند تدبر السورة نُدرك أن الإيحاءات والمشاهد والتعبيرات نفسها التي وردت في الجزء الأول تُستخدم مرة أخرى في الجزء الثاني.
The main theme in the last part of the sūrah, which concentrates on God’s sovereignty, authority to legislate, and their inter-relation with faith, continues in this passage. It speaks of the main principles of faith with regard to sovereignty and legislation, while the first part of the sūrah dealt with these main principles as they relate to faith. In this way the sūrah makes it clear that the issues relevant to law and sovereignty are the same as those that are relevant to faith. The Qur’ān asserts this fact most emphatically. As we study the sūrah, we realize that the same inspirations, scenes and expressions used in the first part are employed again in the second part.
هذا يعني أن هذا الجزء الثاني من السورة: - يشير إلى الكتب الإلهية، ورسل الله، والوحي، والمعجزات التي طالب بها الكافرون؛ - يتحدث عن الهلاك الذي يعقب تكذيب الحق بعد أن تُظهر المعجزات؛ - يتحدث عن الحياة الآخرة، والأحكام المتعلقة بالمحاسبة والثواب والعقاب هناك؛ - يشير إلى الانفصال التام بين رسول الله ﷺ
This means that this second part of the sūrah • Refers to divine books, God’s messengers, revelation and the miracles unbelievers demanded; • Speaks of the destruction that follows denying the truth after miracles have been shown; • Speaks of the life to come and the rules concerning accountability and reward and punishment there; • Refers to the total separation between God’s Messenger (peace be upon him)
وقومِه الذين يجعلون لبعض الكائنات مثلاً لربِّهم، ويُقرّون بآلهةٍ أخرى غيرِه، ويقبلون الشرائعَ التي تسنّها هذه الآلهةُ لهم. وفيه يُوجَّه النبيُّ ﷺ إلى أن يُعلن بحسمٍ حقيقةَ دينه، واضحةً، خاليةً من كل تردّد وإبهام؛ • ويُبيّن أن هناك ربًّا واحدًا لجميع العالمين، ولا يجوز لمؤمنٍ أن يُقرّ بأيّ ربوبيةٍ أخرى مطلقًا؛ • ويُقرّر ملكَ الله وتدبيرَه لكل ما في الكون، ويُحدِّد الدورَ الذي يريد الله للإنسان أن يؤدّيه. ويُبيّن أن الله قادرٌ على إزالة أيّ قومٍ أو أمةٍ متى شاء.
and his people who regard certain beings as equal to their Lord, acknowledge other deities besides Him and accept the laws these deities enact for them. It directs the Prophet to declare decisively the true nature of his faith, clear, free of all equivocation and ambiguity; • Makes it clear that there is one Lord for all the worlds. No believer may acknowledge any other lordship whatsoever; • States God’s ownership and control of everything in the universe. He assigns the role He wants human beings to play. It makes it clear that God is able to remove any group or community as He wills.
كتابٌ يجلب الرحمةَ للبشرية
A Book To Bring Mercy To Mankind
ثُمَّ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ تَمَامًا عَلَى الَّذِي أَحْسَنَ، وَتَفْصِيلًا لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ، وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةً، لَعَلَّهُم بِلِقَاءِ رَبِّهِمْ يُؤْمِنُونَ۔ (الآية 154) هذه الآية تبدأ بحرف العطف "ثُمَّ"، بينما حرف العطف المستعمل في العربية يدل على "الترتيب مع التراخي"، لكن لا توجد فجوة زمنية في النص هنا. فحرف العطف يربط الجملة التي بعده بما قبله. أي الأمر للنبي ﷺ: "قُلْ تَعَالَوْا أَتْلُ مَا حَرَّمَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ" (الآية 151)، ويتبع ذلك قوله: "وَأَنَّ هَٰذَا صِرَاطِي مُسْتَقِيمًا فَاتَّبِعُوهُ" (الآية 153). والجملة الحالية التي تبدأ بـ"ثُمَّ" تُضاف إلى الجملتين السابقتين بوصفها جزءًا مما يُؤمر النبي ﷺ بتبليغه للناس، فتُفصّل ما حرّمه الله، وتبيّن الطريق الذي ينبغي اتباعه، وتُظهر استمرارية الرسالات السابقة.
“Moreover, We gave Moses the Book in fulfilment [of Our favour] upon him who would do right, clearly spelling out everything, and providing guidance and grace, so that they might believe in the meeting with their Lord.” (Verse 154) This verse starts with the conjunction, ‘moreover’, while in Arabic the conjunction used signifies `then’, but there is no time gap in the text here. The conjunction relates the statement following it to what occurs before it. That is, the instruction to the Prophet: “Say: Come, let me tell you what your Lord has forbidden to you.” (Verse 151) This is followed by the statement: “Know that this is the way leading to Me, a straight path.” (Verse 153) The present statement starting with `moreover’ is added to the two earlier statements as part of what the Prophet is instructed to convey to people, detailing with what God has forbidden, outlining the path to follow and showing the continuity from earlier messages.
ثُمَّ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ تَمَامًا عَلَى الَّذِي أَحْسَنَ، أما تفسير الجملة التالية "تماماً على الذي أحسن" عند الطبري فهو كما يلي: "آتينا موسى التوراة إتماماً للنعم التي أنعمنا بها عليه، فنُتِمُّ بذلك الكرامة التي أكرمناه بها جزاءً على طاعته لربه وعمله بدينه. وهي تُبيّن كل ما يحتاج إليه هو وقومه ليُطبّقوا دينهم في حياتهم."50
The interpretation of the next clause, “in fulfilment [of Our favour] upon him who would do right”, according to al-Ţabarī, is as follows: “We have given the Torah to Moses so as to complete the favours We have bestowed on him. Thus We perfect the honour We have granted him in reward for his obedience to his Lord and implementation of his religion. It spells out every thing he and his people need to know in order to put their faith in practice.”50
وَذَكَرَ قَتَادَةُ أَنَّ مَعْنَى «مُفَصِّلًا لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ» أَنَّهُ يُبَيِّنُ تَفْصِيلًا مَا هُوَ حَلَالٌ وَمَا هُوَ حَرَامٌ. وَفَضْلًا عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّ التَّوْرَاةَ الَّتِي أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَى مُوسَىٰ هُدًى وَرَحْمَةً لِقَوْمِهِ، لِيُؤْمِنُوا بِلِقَاءِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيَنَالُوا فَضْلَهُ الَّذِي يَقِيهِمْ عِقَابَهُ.
According to Qatādah, the phrase, clearly spelling out everything’, means that it gives a detailed outline of what is permissible and what is forbidden. Moreover, the Torah revealed to Moses provides his people with guidance and ensures mercy to them so that they may believe that they will meet their Lord and receive His grace that wards off His punishment.
تحذيرات أخرى
Further Warnings
تُضاف تحذيرات أخرى ردًّا على مطالبهم بمعجزات حسية حتى يؤمنوا بوحي الله. وقد سبقت تحذيرات مماثلة في أول السورة حين تناولت إنكارهم للإيمان أصلًا. أما هنا فالتحذيرات متعلقة بإنكارهم لشريعة الله وبضرورة تطبيقها في الحياة. ففي أول السورة نقرأ: ﴿وَقَالُوا لَوْلَا أُنزِلَ عَلَيْهِ مَلَكٌ ۖ وَلَوْ أَنزَلْنَا مَلَكًا لَّقُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ ثُمَّ لَا يُنظَرُونَ﴾ (الآية 8). وهنا، في نهاية السورة، يتضح الأمر بجلاء: ﴿هَلْ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَّا أَن تَأْتِيَهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ أَوْ يَأْتِيَ رَبُّكَ أَوْ يَأْتِيَ بَعْضُ آيَاتِ رَبِّكَ ۗ يَوْمَ يَأْتِي بَعْضُ آيَاتِ رَبِّكَ لَا يَنفَعُ نَفْسًا إِيمَانُهَا لَمْ تَكُنْ آمَنَتْ مِن قَبْلُ أَوْ كَسَبَتْ فِي إِيمَانِهَا خَيْرًا ۗ قُلِ انتَظِرُوا إِنَّا مُنتَظِرُونَ﴾ (الآية 158).
More warnings are added to answer their demands for physical miracles in order to believe in God’s revelations. Similar warnings were given earlier in the sūrah where it addressed their denial of the faith altogether. Here the warnings are in relation to their denial of God’s law and the need to implement it in life. Earlier in the sūrah we read: “They say: ‘Why has not an angel been sent down to him?’ If We had sent down an angel, all would have been decided, and they would have been allowed no further respite.” (Verse 8) Here, at the end of the sūrah, the matter is clearly explained: “Are they waiting for the angels to come to them, or for your Lord [Himself], or certain of your Lord’s signs to appear? On the day when certain of your Lord’s signs do appear, believing will be of no avail to any human being who did not believe before, or who did not put its faith to good uses. Say: Wait if you will; we too are waiting.” (Verse 158)
هذا تحذيرٌ واضحٌ وحاسم. فقد كانت سنّة الله دائمًا أنه متى أُعطيت معجزةٌ ثم استمرّ الكافرون في رفض الحق، فإنهم سيُهلَكون لا محالة. وهنا يخبرهم الله بصريح العبارة أنه لو أُظهر لهم بعضُ الآيات التي يطلبونها، ثم استمرّوا على الكفر، لَهلكوا بعد ذلك. ويُقال لهم كذلك إنه عندما تُظهر بعضُ آيات الله، فإنها تكون نهايةً تجعل كل عملٍ بعدها غيرَ مُجدٍ. ولا بدّ أن يسبق ذلك قبولُ الإيمان، وأن يُترجَم هذا الإيمان إلى عملٍ عملي. فالعمل الصالح مقترنٌ دائمًا بالإيمان الصادق، لأنه، في النظرة الإسلامية، الترجمةُ العملية للإيمان.
This is a very clear and decisive warning. It has always been God’s law that should a miracle been given and the unbelievers continue to reject the truth, they will inevitably be destroyed. Here, God tells them in plain terms that if only some of the signs they ask for were shown to them, they would be destroyed thereafter should they continue to disbelieve. They are further told that when some of God’s signs are shown, they spell the end that renders all subsequent actions futile. Accepting the faith should come before this, and should be translated into practical action. Good action is always associated with true faith, as it is, in the Islamic view, the practical translation of faith.
وحيدٌ لا مثيلَ له
Only One of a Kind
في هذا الموضع تخاطب السورةُ رسولَ الله محمداً ﷺ، مفرِدةً إياه بدينه وشريعته ومنهاج حياته وطريقة عمله. فإن دينه مخالفٌ لجميع العقائد والأديان المعروفة للبشر، بما فيها ضلالات مشركي العرب: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَرَّقُوا دِينَهُمْ وَكَانُوا شِيَعًا لَّسْتَ مِنْهُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ ۚ إِنَّمَا أَمْرُهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ﴾ (الأنعام: ١٥٩)
At this point the sūrah addresses God’s Messenger, Muĥammad (peace be upon him), singling him out with his faith, law, way of life and operational mode. His faith is different from all creeds and religions known to mankind, including the erring ways of the Arab idolaters: “As for those who have broken the unity of their faith and have become sects, you certainly have nothing to do with them. Their case rests with God. In time He will tell them the truth of what they were doing.” (Verse 159)
هذا هو نقطة الفصل بين رسول الله ﷺ ودينه من جهة، وبين سائر المذاهب والعقائد من جهة أخرى. ويدخل في الفئة الأخيرة المشركون الذين تفرقوا فرقًا وطوائف وقبائل وعشائر بناءً على أساطير وتقاليد ونزاعات الجاهلية، والنصارى واليهود بخلافاتهم ومنافساتهم التي لا تنتهي، والتي فرّقتهم إلى كتل متنازعة ودول، وكذلك سائر العقائد والأيديولوجيات والنظريات والأنظمة التي قد تظهر في أي وقت إلى يوم القيامة.
This is the parting point between God’s Messenger and his faith on the one hand and all other doctrines and creeds on the other. In the latter group we may include the idolaters who were divided into groups, sects, tribes and clans on the basis of the myths, traditions and disputes of jāhiliyyah, the Christians and Jews with their unending disputes and rivalries which break them into quarrelling blocs and states, as well as other creeds, ideologies, theories, and regimes that may surface at any time until the Day of Judgement.
وَلَيْسَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ صِلَةٌ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمُورِ، فَدِينُهُ الْإِسْلَامُ، وَشَرِيعَتُهُ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ، وَمَنْهَجُ حَيَاتِهِ فَرِيدٌ مُسْتَقِلٌّ. لَا يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَخْتَلِطَ الْإِيمَانُ الْإِسْلَامِيُّ بِأَيِّ نَوْعٍ مِنَ الِاعْتِقَادَاتِ أَوِ الْأَيْدِيُولُوجِيَّاتِ، وَلَا يُمْكِنُ لِشَرِيعَتِهِ وَنِظَامِهِ أَنْ يَمْتَزِجَا بِأَنْظِمَةٍ وَنَظَرِيَّاتٍ أُخْرَى. لَا يَجُوزُ لِأَيِّ نِظَامٍ قَانُونِيٍّ أَوْ حُكْمٍ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ صِفَةً مُزْدَوِجَةً، فَيَكُونَ إِسْلَامِيًّا وَغَيْرَ إِسْلَامِيٍّ فِي آنٍ وَاحِدٍ. الْإِسْلَامُ مُسْتَقِلٌّ عَنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَذَاهِبِ وَالْأَلْوَانِ، وَأَنْظِمَتُهُ الْقَانُونِيَّةُ وَالِاجْتِمَاعِيَّةُ وَالسِّيَاسِيَّةُ وَالِاقْتِصَادِيَّةُ إِسْلَامِيَّةٌ بِوُضُوحٍ، وَلَيْسَ لَهَا وَصْفٌ آخَرُ. وَلَيْسَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ صِلَةٌ بِأَيِّ حَالٍ أَوْ وَضْعٍ آخَرَ فِي أَيِّ وَقْتٍ.
God’s Messenger has nothing to do with any of these. His faith is Islam, his law is God’s book and his way of life is unique and independent. The Islamic faith cannot mix with any sort of belief or ideology; its law and system cannot merge with other systems and theories. No legal system or regime can carry a dual status of being Islamic and something else at the same time. Islam is independent of all creeds and colours; its legal, social, political and economic systems are clearly Islamic and have no other description. The Prophet has nothing to do with any other situation or condition at any time.
نداءٌ من القلب
A Heart-Felt Appeal
في نهاية السورة، التي تتضمن حديثًا مطولًا عن التشريع والسيادة، نجد تمجيدًا تعبديًا لله تعالى يحمل إيقاعًا عذبًا وحكمًا حاسمًا. ويتكرر هذا الإيقاع في كل آية، إذ تبدأ بالكلمة نفسها: «قل». وتمسّ كل آية القلب، حيث يكمن جوهر التوحيد: توحيد العقيدة والغاية والرب والعبادة. كما تقدم نظرة شاملة إلى الكون وقوانينه: «قُلْ إِنَّنِي هَدَانِي رَبِّي إِلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ دِينًا قِيَمًا مِّلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ. قُلْ إِنَّ صَلَاتِي وَنُسُكِي وَمَحْيَايَ وَمَمَاتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ. لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَبِذَٰلِكَ أُمِرْتُ وَأَنَا أَوَّلُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. قُلْ أَغَيْرَ اللَّهِ أَبْغِي رَبًّا وَهُوَ رَبُّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَلَا تَكْسِبُ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ إِلَّا عَلَيْهَا وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَىٰ ثُمَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكُم مَّرْجِعُكُمْ فَيُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمْ فِيهِ تَخْتَلِفُونَ. وَهُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَكُمْ خَلَائِفَ الْأَرْضِ وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَكُمْ فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ دَرَجَاتٍ لِّيَبْلُوَكُمْ فِي مَا آتَاكُمْ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ سَرِيعُ الْعِقَابِ وَإِنَّهُ لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ».
At the end of the sūrah with its long discourse on legislation and sovereignty we have a devotional glorification of God which carries with it a pleasant rhythm and a decisive verdict. The beat is repeated in each verse as it starts with the same word, ‘Say’. Each verse touches the heart, where the core of oneness lies: the oneness of the creed, goal, Lord and worship. It also provides a total look at the universe and its laws: “Say: ‘My Lord has guided me to a straight way, to an ever-true faith; the way of Abraham, who turned away from all that is false, and was not of those who associate partners with God’. Say: ‘My prayers, my worship, my living and my dying are for God alone, the Lord of all the worlds. He has no partner. Thus have I been commanded, and I shall be the first of those who surrender themselves to Him.’ Say: ‘Am I, then, to seek a lord other than God, when He is the Lord of all things? Whatever wrong any human being commits rests upon himself alone. No one shall be made to bear the burden of another. In time, to your Lord you all must return; and then He will tell you the truth of all that over which you were in dispute. He it is who has made you inherit the earth and has raised some of you by degrees above others, so that He might try you by means of what He has bestowed upon you. For certain, your Lord is swift in retribution; yet, He is indeed much- forgiving, merciful.” (Verses 161-5)
هذا التعقيب الطويل الختامي، مع مطلع السورة، يعزف لحناً بديعاً متناغماً، وهو تعقيب يختم الحديث عن ذبح الأنعام والقرابين والزروع وجميع الأحكام التي زعم أهل الجاهلية أنها من شرع الله. وكل ما يقولونه كذب صريح لا حياء فيه. فماذا نقول في هذا التعقيب؟ إننا في الحقيقة لا نحتاج إلى أي شرح زائد بعد ما قلناه من قبل في هذا الموضوع.
This long and final comment, together with the opening of the sūrah, plays a fascinating, perfectly harmonious tune. Yet it is a comment which concludes the discourse on animal slaughtering, offerings, agricultural produce and all the regulations alleged by the people of ignorance to be laid down by God. All that they say is a shameless lie. So, what do we make of this comment? In fact we do not need to make any further explanation after all that we have already said on the subject.
الكلمة الأخيرة
A Final Word
لا حاجة هنا إلى أن نعيد ما قلناه مراراً عن أهمية هذه الأزواج من المعاني والتعابير والإيقاعات التي تتكرر في أول السورة وآخرها. إنها ليست إلا أوجهاً مختلفة للحقيقة الواحدة، تنعكس مرة في صورة عقيدة وإيمان، ومرة أخرى في صورة منهج للحياة.
We do not need to repeat here what we have said time and again about the significance of such pairs of thoughts, expressions and rhythms that occur in both the early and later parts of the sūrah. They are simply different facets of the same truth, reflected at one time as a belief and faith, and at another as a code of living.
الآن وقد اكتملت السورة، إذا نظرنا إلى أبعادها العظيمة، والمدى الواسع الذي تشمله، والأعماق البالغة التي تغوص فيها، أخذنا العجب. كل ذلك في عدد قليل من الصفحات، وفي 165 آية، وفي عدد محدود من الجمل والعبارات.
Now that the sūrah is completed, if we look back at its great dimensions, the wide range it covers and the profound depths it goes into, we are overwhelmed. It all takes a small number of pages, 165 verses and a limited number of clauses and sentences.
لو كان هذا الفضاء قد استعمله إنسان، لما استوعب جزءاً من مئة جزء من هذه اللوحة العظيمة من المشاهد والحقائق والإلهامات والإشارات، فضلاً عن المستوى السامي الذي يبلغه، والتعبير الرائع الذي يستخدمه.
Had this space been used by a human being, it would not have covered onehundredth of this great panorama of scenes, truths, inspirations and indications, let alone the sublime level it attains and the superb expression it uses.
لقد أخذتنا السورة في رحلة شيّقة ومذهلة، لنتأمل في الحقائق العظيمة للوجود. وهي رحلة تشمل المفاهيم الإسلامية الكبرى والأساسية.
The sūrah has taken us on a fascinating and breathtaking journey, to look at the great truths of existence. It is a journey that covers the major and fundamental Islamic concepts.
يُصوّر حقيقة الألوهية في كل ما لها من جلال وعظمة وبهاء وجمال، ويضع أمام أعيننا حقائق الكون والحياة وما وراء الحياة مما لا نستطيع إدراكه بقدراتنا المحدودة. ويُبيّن لنا حقيقة مشيئة الله، وكيف تُنشئ وتُفني، وتُحيي وتُميت، وتُدير الكون وكل الكائنات الحية. ويعكس حقيقة النفس البشرية: أعماقها، ومسالكها الظاهرة والخفية، ورغباتها وميولها، والهداية التي تتّبعها والأخطاء التي تقع فيها، وكيف تتفاعل مع وسوسة الإنس والجن الأشرار، وكيف تُقاد إلى الطريق الصحيح أو الخاطئ.
It portrays the truth of Godhead in all its awesome glory, majesty, splendour and beauty. It holds in front of our eyes the truths of the universe, life and what lies beyond life which we cannot perceive with our limited faculties. It shows us the truth of God’s will and how it initiates and obliterates, gives life and causes death, and runs the universe and all living things. It reflects the truth of the human soul: its depths, apparent and hidden pathways, desires and leanings, the guidance it follows and the errors it commits, how it reacts to the whispers of evil humans and jinn, as well as how it is led along the right or wrong way.