الصافات: الصافات صفًّا (ذبح إبراهيم) 69-148
Al-Saffat Ranged in Ranks ( Abraham’s Sacrifice ) 69-148
إِنَّهُمْ أَلْفَوْا آبَاءَهُمْ ضَالِّينَ
They found their forefathers astray, (69)
وَأَسْرَعُوا فِي اتِّبَاعِ آثَارِهِمْ. (70)
and rushed to follow in their footsteps. (70)
وَلَقَدْ ضَلَّ قَبْلَهُمْ أَكْثَرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ
Most of the people of old went astray before them; (71)
ولقد أرسلنا فيهم منذرين
although We had sent them warners. (72)
فَانظُرْ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الْمُنذَرِينَ
Behold what happened in the end to those that had been warned. (73)
ليسوا عبادَ الرحمنِ حقًّا (74)
Not so God’s true servants. (74)
وَلَقَدْ نَادَانَا نُوحٌ فَلَنِعْمَ الْمُجِيبُونَ
Noah cried to Us, and We are the best to answer prayer: (75)
نَجَّيْنَاهُ وَأَهْلَهُ مِنَ الْكَرْبِ الْعَظِيمِ
We saved him and his household from great distress; (76)
وَجَعَلْنَا ذُرِّيَّتَهُ هُمُ الْبَاقِينَ
and caused his offspring to be the survivors. (77)
وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُ لِسَانَ صِدْقٍ فِي الْآخِرِينَ
We caused him to be praised by later generations:
(78)
(78)
سَلَامٌ عَلَى نُوحٍ فِي الْعَالَمِينَ! (79)
Peace be upon Noah in all the worlds! (79)
وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ (٨٠)
Thus do We reward those who do good. (80)
إِنَّهُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (81)
He was truly one of Our believing servants. (81)
ثُمَّ أَغْرَقْنَا الْآخَرِينَ (٨٢)
Then We caused the others to drown. (82)
وَمِنْ أَهْلِ مِلَّتِهِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ۔ (٨٣)
Among those who followed his way was Abraham. (83)
جَاءَ رَبَّهُ بِقَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ (٨٤)
He turned to his Lord with a sound heart. (84)
قَالَ لِأَبِيهِ وَقَوْمِهِ مَا هَٰذِهِ التَّمَاثِيلُ الَّتِي أَنتُمْ لَهَا عَاكِفُونَ
He said to his father and his people: ‘What is this that you worship? (85)
أَتَخْتَارُونَ آلِهَةً مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ؟ (86)
Do you choose false deities instead of God? (86)
فَمَا ظَنُّكُمْ بِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ؟ (٨٧)
What, then, do you think of the Lord of all the worlds?’ (87)
فَنَظَرَ نَظْرَةً فِي النُّجُومِ
Then he cast a glance at the stars, (88)
وَقَالَ: ﴿إِنِّي سَقِيمٌ﴾ (89)
and said: ‘Indeed I am sick.’ (89)
فَتَوَلَّىٰ عَنْهُ قَوْمُهُ وَانْصَرَفُوا
So his people turned away from him and left.
(90)
(90)
ثُمَّ مَالَ إِلَىٰ آلِهَتِهِمْ فَقَالَ: أَلَا تَأْكُلُونَ؟ (٩١)
He then approached their deities stealthily and said: ‘Will you not eat [your offerings]? (91)
"مَا لَكَ لَا تَتَكَلَّمُ؟" (92)
What is the matter with you that you do not speak?’ (92)
فَرَاغَ عَلَيْهِمْ ضَرْبًا بِالْيَمِينِ
And then he fell upon them, smiting them with his right hand. (93)
وَجَاءَهُ قَوْمُهُ يُهْرَعُونَ إِلَيْهِ (٩٤)
His people came to him hurriedly, (94)
لیکن انہوں نے کہا: «کیا تم اُن چیزوں کی عبادت کرتے ہو جنہیں خود تراشتے ہو؟ (95)
but he said: ‘Do you worship something that you yourselves have carved, (95)
{وَاللَّهُ خَلَقَكُمْ وَمَا تَعْمَلُونَ}
while it is God who has created you and all your handiwork?’ (96)
قَالُوا ابْنُوا لَهُ بُنْيَانًا فَأَلْقُوهُ فِي الْجَحِيمِ
They said: ‘Build him a pyre and throw him into the blazing fire.’(97)
أَرَادُوا بِهِ كَيْدًا فَجَعَلْنَاهُمُ الْأَسْفَلِينَ
They schemed to harm him, but We caused them to be humiliated. (98)
وَقَالَ إِنِّي ذَاهِبٌ إِلَىٰ رَبِّي سَيَهْدِينِ
And Abraham said: ‘I will go to my Lord: He is sure to guide me. (99)
رَبِّ هَبْ لِي مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ (١٠٠)
Lord! Grant me a righteous son.’ (100)
{فَبَشَّرْنَاهُ بِغُلَامٍ حَلِيمٍ} (١٠١)
We gave him the happy news that he will have a forbearing son. (101)
فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ مَعَهُ السَّعْيَ قَالَ يَا بُنَيَّ إِنِّي أَرَىٰ فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنِّي أَذْبَحُكَ فَانظُرْ مَاذَا تَرَىٰ ۚ قَالَ يَا أَبَتِ افْعَلْ مَا تُؤْمَرُ ۖ سَتَجِدُنِي إِن شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الصَّابِرِينَ ﴿١٠٢﴾
When the boy was old enough to work with his father, Abraham said: ‘My son! I have seen in a dream that I must sacrifice you. Tell me, then, what you think.’ [Ishmael] said: ‘My father! Do as you are bidden, and, God willing, you will find me to be patient in adversity.’ (102)
فَلَمَّآ أَسْلَمَا وَتَلَّهُۥ لِلْجَبِينِ
When the two of them had surrendered themselves to the will of God, and Abraham laid him prostrate on his forehead, (103)
وَنَادَيْنَاهُ أَنْ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ
We called to him: ‘Abraham! (104)
قَدْ صَدَّقْتَ الرُّؤْيَا ۚ إِنَّا كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ
You have already fulfilled the dream.’ Thus do We reward those who do good. (105)
إِنَّ هَٰذَا لَهُوَ الْبَلَاءُ الْمُبِينُ۔ (١٠٦)
All this was indeed a momentous trial. (106)
وَفَدَيْنَاهُ بِذِبْحٍ عَظِيمٍ
We ransomed [Ishmael] with a noble sacrifiee, (107)
وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُ لِسَانَ صِدْقٍ فِي الْآخِرِينَ
We caused him to be praised by later generations:
(108)
(108)
سلامٌ على إبراهيم! (109)
Peace be upon Abraham! (109)
وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ ١١٠
Thus do we reward those who do good. (110)
إِنَّهُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (111)
He was truly one of our believing servants. (111)
وَبَشَّرْنَاهُ بِإِسْحَاقَ نَبِيًّا مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ
We gave Abraham the happy news of Isaac, a prophet and a righteous man; (112)
وَبَارَكْنَا عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَىٰ إِسْحَاقَ ۚ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِهِمَا مُحْسِنٌ وَظَالِمٌ لِّنَفْسِهِ مُبِينٌ ﴿١١٣﴾
and We blessed him and Isaac; but among their offspring there were those who do good and others who would glaringly sin against their souls. (113)
وَلَقَدْ مَنَنَّا عَلَىٰ مُوسَىٰ وَهَارُونَ
We also bestowed Our favour on Moses and Aaron; (114)
وَنَجَّيْنَاهُمْ وَقَوْمَهُمْ مِنَ الْكَرْبِ الْعَظِيمِ
We saved them and their people from great distress; (115)
وَلَقَدْ نَصَرْنَاهُمْ فَكَانُوا هُمُ الْغَالِبِينَ (١١٦)
We gave them support, so that it was they who achieved victory. (116)
آتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي فَصَّلَ الْأُمُورَ
We gave them the Scripture which made things clear; (117)
وَهَدَيْنَاهُمُ الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ
We guided them to the right path; (118)
وَتَرَكْنَا عَلَيْهِ فِي الْآخِرِينَ: (١١٩)
We caused them to be praised by later generations: (119)
سلامٌ على موسى وهارون! (120)
Peace be upon Moses and Aaron! (120)
وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ (١٢١)
Thus do We reward those who do good. (121)
كَانَا مِنْ عِبَادِنَا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ۔ (122)
Both were among Our believing servants. (122)
وَإِنَّ إِلْيَاسَ لَمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ (123)
Elijah too was one of Our messengers. (123)
قَالَ لِقَوْمِهِ: «أَلَا تَتَّقُونَ اللَّهَ؟
He said to his people: ‘Have you no fear of God?
(124)
(124)
كَيْفَ تَدْعُونَ بَعْلًا وَتَذَرُونَ أَحْسَنَ الْخَالِقِينَ
How can you invoke Baal and forsake the best of creators, (125)
﴿أَللّٰهُ رَبُّكُمْ وَرَبُّ آبَائِكُمُ الْأَوَّلِينَ﴾ (126)
God, your Lord and the Lord of your forefathers?’ (126)
فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَمُحْضَرُونَ
But they accused him of lying. Therefore, they will certainly be brought [for punishment). (127)
ليسوا عبادَ الله الحقيقيين. (128)
Not so God’s true servants. (128)
وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُ لِسَانَ صِدْقٍ فِي الْآخِرِينَ
We caused him to be praised by later generations:
(129)
(129)
سلامٌ على إلياس! (130)
Peace be upon Elijah! (130)
وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ (١٣١)
Thus do We reward those who do good. (131)
إِنَّهُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
He was truly one of Our believing servants.
(132)
(132)
وَإِنَّ لُوطًا لَّمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ (133)
Lot was also one of Our messengers. (133)
{أَنجَيْنَاهُ وَأَهْلَهُ أَجْمَعِينَ} (134)
We saved him and all his household, (134)
إلا عجوزًا بقيت خلفهم.
except for an old woman who stayed behind.
(135)
(135)
ثُمَّ أَغْرَقْنَا الْآخَرِينَ (١٣٦)
Then We utterly destroyed the others. (136)
إِنَّكُم لَتَمُرُّونَ عَلَيْهِم مُّصْبِحِينَ
Surely you pass by their ruins at morning-time, (137)
وَبِاللَّيْلِ ۗ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ (١٣٨)
as also by night. Will you not, then, use your reason? (138)
وَإِنَّ يُونُسَ لَمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ
Jonah too was one of Our messengers. (139)
فَرَّ إِلَى الْفُلْكِ الْمَشْحُونِ. (140)
He deserted, going on the laden ship. (140)
أَقْرَعُوا، فَخَرَجَ السَّهْمُ عَلَيْهِ.
They cast lots, and he was the one who lost.
(141)
(141)
أَلْقَمَهُ الْحُوتُ وَهُوَ مُلِيمٌ.
The whale swallowed him, for he was to blame.
(142)
(142)
فَلَوْلَا أَنَّهُ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُسَبِّحِينَ
Had he not been of those who truly glorified God, (143)
لَبَقِيَ فِي بَطْنِ الْحُوتِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ. (144)
he would have remained in the whale’s belly till Resurrection Day. (144)
فَنَبَذْنَاهُ بِالْعَرَاءِ وَهُوَ سَقِيمٌ
We caused him to be cast out, sick, on a barren shore, (145)
وَأَنْبَتَ عَلَيْهِ شَجَرَةً مِنْ يَقْطِينٍ (146)
and caused a gourd tree to grow over him. (146)
وَأَرْسَلْنَاهُ إِلَىٰ مِائَةِ أَلْفٍ أَوْ يَزِيدُونَ
Then We sent him to [a community of] one hundred thousand or more. (147)
فَآمَنُوا فَمَتَّعْنَاهُمْ إِلَىٰ حِينٍ (148)
They believed, so We let them enjoy life for a while. (148)
نظرۃ عامۃ
Overview
في هذا الجزء الثاني، تواصل السورة استخلاص دروس التاريخ، فتذكر الأممَ التي تعود إلى بدايات البشرية وموقفَها من الهداية الإلهية. ونجد القصة تتكرر مرارًا. والحقيقة أن الذين أصرّوا على الكفر في مكة، واتخذوا موقفًا عدائيًا من النبي محمد ﷺ، يبدو أنهم امتداد لتلك الأمم السابقة التي ضلّت. وتُذكر مصائر تلك الأمم، لتُعرض على الكفار من العرب وقائعُ تاريخية يتأملونها، وليطمئنَّ المؤمنون إلى أن العناية الإلهية التي لم تتخلَّ عن مؤمني الأمم الماضية لن تتخلى عنهم هم أيضًا.
In this second part, the sūrah picks up the lessons of history as it mentions communities going back to the early days of humanity and their attitudes towards divine guidance. We find the story frequently repeating itself. Indeed, the people who persisted in disbelief in Makkah, taking a hostile attitude to the Prophet Muĥammad (peace be upon him), appear to be an offshoot of those earlier communities that went astray. The fates of those earlier communities are mentioned, putting before the Arab unbelievers certain historical events for them to reflect upon as also to reassure the believers that divine care, which never deserted the believers of old, would also not fail them.
تُقدِّم السورة روايات موجزة عن نوح وإبراهيم وإسماعيل وإسحاق وموسى وهارون وإلياس ولوط ويونس. وتُفصِّل أكثر في قصة إبراهيم وإسماعيل، إذ تضع أمامنا مثالاً أعلى في الإيمان والتضحية، وتُبيِّن لنا حقيقة الاستسلام الصادق لمشيئة الله. وهذه الواقعة بعينها لم تُذكر في أي موضع آخر من القرآن. وتشكِّل هذه القصص مجتمعةً النصَّ كلَّه.
The sūrah gives brief accounts of Noah, Abraham, Ishmael and Isaac, Moses and Aaron, Elijah, Lot and Jonah. It dwells more on Abraham’s and Ishmael’s story as it puts before us an example of supreme faith and sacrifice showing us the nature of true surrender to God’s will. This particular episode is not mentioned anywhere else in the Qur’ān. Together, these stories make up the entire passage.
قصة قوم نوح
The Fate Of Noah’s People
إِنَّهُمْ أَلْفَوْا آبَاءَهُمْ ضَالِّينَ * فَهُمْ عَلَىٰ آثَارِهِمْ يُهْرَعُونَ * وَلَقَدْ ضَلَّ قَبْلَهُمْ أَكْثَرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ * وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا فِيهِم مُّنذِرِينَ * فَانظُرْ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الْمُنذَرِينَ * إِلَّا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ الْمُخْلَصِينَ
They found their forefathers astray, and rushed to follow in their footsteps. Most of the people of old went astray before them; although We had sent them warners. Behold what happened in the end to those that had been warned. Not so God’s true servants.
(الآيات ٦٩-٧٤)
(Verses 69-74)
هؤلاء القوم متصلّبون في اتباع الضلال، ومع ذلك فهم ببساطة يسيرون على آثار غيرهم، دون تفكّر أو تأمّل. يُسرعون في اتباع ما وجدوا عليه آباءهم، ولا يدعون فرصةً للسؤال أو الفحص: ﴿إِنَّهُمْ أَلْفَوْا آبَاءَهُمْ ضَالِّينَ * فَهُمْ عَلَىٰ آثَارِهِمْ يُهْرَعُونَ﴾ (الآيتان 69-70). فهم وآباؤهم سواءٌ في الضلال، وكانت تلك حال أكثر الأمم السابقة: ﴿وَلَقَدْ ضَلَّ قَبْلَهُمْ أَكْثَرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ﴾ (الآية 71). ومع ذلك فقد أُنذروا، لكنهم لم يلتفتوا: ﴿وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا فِيهِمْ مُنْذِرِينَ﴾ (الآية 72). فإلى ماذا أفضى ذلك في النهاية؟ وما كانت عاقبة موقف الكافرين، مقارنةً بعاقبة الاستجابة للإنذار وقبول الإيمان؟ يتبيّن ذلك في القصص الذي يأتي بعد ذلك. والآيات التالية ليست إلا إعلاناً مسبقاً لما سيأتي: ﴿فَانظُرْ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الْمُنذَرِينَ * إِلَّا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ الْمُخْلَصِينَ﴾ (الآيتان 73-74).
These people are hardened in following error, but at the same time they are simply following the footsteps of others, without thinking or reflection. They rush to follow their fathers’ lead taking no opportunity to question or examine: “They found their forefathers astray, and rushed to follow in their footsteps.” (Verses 69-70) Both they and their fathers are examples of going astray, which was also the case of the majority of earlier communities: “Most of the people of old went astray before them.” (Verse 71) Yet they did receive warnings, but paid no heed: “although We had sent them warners.” (Verse 72) What did this lead to in the end? What was the outcome of the unbelievers’ attitude, as compared with the outcome of heeding the warnings and accepting the faith? This is shown in the stories that follow. The verses that ensue serve as a mere announcement of what is to come: “Behold what happened in the end to those that had been warned. Not so God’s true servants.” (Verses 73-74)
القصة الأولى هي قصة نوح، غير أن الحديث هنا يقف عند نهايتها وقفة موجزة، مُبرزًا العناية التي أحاط الله بها عباده الصادقين.
The first story is Noah’s, but the account here dwells only briefly on the outcome, highlighting the care God took of His true servants:
وَلَقَدْ نَادَانَا نُوحٌ فَلَنِعْمَ الْمُجِيبُونَ۔ وَنَجَّيْنَاهُ وَأَهْلَهُ مِنَ الْكَرْبِ الْعَظِيمِ۔ وَجَعَلْنَا ذُرِّيَّتَهُ هُمُ الْبَاقِينَ۔ وَتَرَكْنَا عَلَيْهِ فِي الْآخِرِينَ۔ سَلَامٌ عَلَىٰ نُوحٍ فِي الْعَالَمِينَ۔ إِنَّا كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ۔ إِنَّهُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ۔ ثُمَّ أَغْرَقْنَا الْآخَرِينَ۔
إبراہیم اور بتوں کا واقعہ
Abraham And The Idols
تُصوِّر السورةُ بعدَ ذلك حدثَين رئيسيَّين من قصة إبراهيم عليه السلام. يُظهر الأولُ دعوتَه إلى الإيمان بين قومه وتكسيرَه أصنامَهم، ثم محاولتَهم قتلَه ونجاةَ الله إياه، وهذه الحادثةُ تُذكر أيضًا في سورٍ أخرى. أما الحدثُ الثاني فلا يُذكر إلا هنا، وفيه رؤياه وذبحُه ابنَه وكيف فداه الله. وتُروى هذه القصةُ بالتفصيل، مع بيانٍ لمراحلها ومواقفِ أصحابها، بأسلوبٍ بديعٍ بالغ التأثير، ويُمثِّل أعلى صورةٍ للطاعة لله والتضحيةِ والتسليمِ له:
The sūrah then depicts two of the main episodes from Abraham’s story. The first shows him advocating faith among his people and destroying their idols, followed by their attempt to kill him and God saving him. This episode is also described in other sūrahs. The second episode however, is only mentioned here. It speaks of Abraham’s dream, his sacrifice and how God released his son. This story is given in detail, speaking of stages and attitudes in a remarkably fine and effective style. It shows the most sublime example of obedience to God, sacrifice and self surrender:
وَإِنَّ مِنْ شِيعَتِهِ لَإِبْرَاهِيمَ. إِذْ جَاءَ رَبَّهُ بِقَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ. إِذْ قَالَ لِأَبِيهِ وَقَوْمِهِ مَا ذَا تَعْبُدُونَ. أَئِفْكًا آلِهَةً دُونَ اللَّهِ تُرِيدُونَ. فَمَا ظَنُّكُمْ بِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
Among those who followed his way was Abraham. He turned to his Lord with a sound heart. He said to his father and his people: What is this that you worship? Do you choose false deities instead of God? What, then, do you think of the Lord of all the worlds? (Verses 83-87)
وهكذا تبدأ القصة، فتنتقل من نوح إلى إبراهيم، موضحةً أنهما كانا مرتبطين في الإيمان وفي الدعوة إليه. ولهذا يُعدّ إبراهيم من أمة نوح، على الرغم من الفترة الزمنية الطويلة التي تفصل بينهما. ومع ذلك، فقد اشتركا في الشرع الإلهي نفسه والرسالة ذاتها.
Thus the story opens, moving from Noah to Abraham and making it clear that they were related in faith and its advocacy. Thus Abraham is said to belong to Noah’s community despite the long time gap between them. Nonetheless they shared the same divine constitution and message.
تتجلّى في هذا الموضع صفةُ إبراهيمَ عليه السلام في قلبه السليم، الذي جعله رجلَ الإيمانِ الصادق والضميرِ النقي: ﴿إِذْ جَاءَ رَبَّهُ بِقَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ﴾ (الآية 84).
Abraham’s quality highlighted here is his sound heart, which makes him a man of true faith and clear conscience: “He turned to his Lord with a sound heart.” (Verse 84)
هذه صورةٌ للتسليم التام كما تتجلّى في إقبال إبراهيم على ربّه. واستعمالُ الصفة «سليم» يعطي انطباعات واضحة، وهو في الوقت نفسه سهلٌ وجليّ، ويحمل دلالات قوية على الطهارة والإخلاص والسلوك المستقيم.
This is an image of complete submission as represented in Abraham’s turning to his Lord. Use of the adjective ‘sound’ gives clear impressions, and at the same time it is easy and clear, giving strong connotations of purity, sincerity and straightforward behaviour.
الأضحية العظيمة
The Great Sacrifice
تنتقل السورة إلى الحلقة الثانية من قصة إبراهيم. فبعد أن نجّاه الله من النار، أغلق هذا الفصل من حياته ليبدأ مرحلة جديدة: ﴿وَقَالَ إِنِّي ذَاهِبٌ إِلَىٰ رَبِّي سَيَهْدِينِ﴾ (الآية 99). وتدل كلماته على أنه كان مهاجرًا، وذلك بمعنى عقلي وحسي معًا. فقد كان يترك كل شيء: أباه وأسرته وبيته وقومه وأرضه، يتركها كلها خلفه ويمضي إلى ربه، متحررًا من كل الشواغل. وهكذا أسلم نفسه لربه، موقنًا بأنه سيمنحه الهداية والرعاية ويضعه على الطريق المستقيم. إنها هجرة من حال إلى حال، يتخلى فيها عن كل الروابط والصلات لصالح رابطة واحدة خالصة وقوية. وتعبّر كلماته عن إيمان كامل وتسليم مطلق.
The sūrah moves on to the second episode it relates of Abraham’s history. After he was saved from the fire, he closed that chapter of his life to begin a new phase: “And Abraham said I will go to my Lord: He is sure to guide me.” (Verse 99) His words indicate that he was migrating, this in both a mental and physical sense. He was abandoning everything: his father, family, home, people and land, leaving them all behind and going to his Lord, free of all concerns. He thus surrendered himself to his Lord, assured that He would give him guidance and care, setting him on the right path. It is a migration from one state to another, abandoning all ties and bonds in favour of one bond that remains pure and strong. His words express complete faith and unqualified surrender.
حتى تلك اللحظة، لم يكن لإبراهيم أولاد. كان قد ترك وراءه أقاربه وأصدقاءه وكل ما كان مألوفاً له. ولا حاجة للقول بأن علاقته بمن ألقوه في النار انتهت إلى قطيعة نهائية. لذلك توجّه إلى ربه داعياً إياه أن يرزقه ذريةً مؤمنة: «رَبِّ هَبْ لِي مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ» (الآية ١٠٠). فاستجاب الله دعاء عبده الصادق: «فَبَشَّرْنَاهُ بِغُلَامٍ حَلِيمٍ» (الآية ١٠١). والغلام هو على الأرجح إسماعيل، كما يُستفاد بوضوح من سيرة حياته ومن السورة نفسها. وبالفعل، نستطيع أن نرى علامات حلمه في صباه. ويمكننا أيضاً أن نتخيّل الفرحة التي غمرت إبراهيم في موطنه الجديد، حيث كان غريباً، عند ولادة هذا الابن الذي وصفه الله بأنه «غلامٌ حليم». وقد آن الأوان الآن أن ننظر في الموقف الرائع الذي تمثّله سيرة حياة إبراهيم، ونستخلص منها درساً ملهماً كما قدّمه الله سبحانه للأمة المسلمة.
Until that moment, Abraham was without children. He had left behind his relations, friends and all that was familiar to him. Needless to say, his relations with those who threw him in the fire suffered a final breakdown. Therefore, he went to his Lord, praying to Him to grant him believing offspring: “Lord! Grant me a righteous son.” (Verse 100) And God answered his true servant’s prayer: “We gave him the happy news that he will have a forbearing son.” (Verse 101) The son was most probably Ishmael, as clearly inferred from his life story and from the sūrah itself. Indeed, we can see the mark of his forbearance in his youth. We can also imagine the delight experienced by Abraham in his new abode, where he was a stranger, at the birth of this son described by God as a ‘forbearing son.’ It is time for us now to look at the glorious attitude that Abraham’s life story represents, drawing from it an inspiring lesson as presented by God Almighty to the Muslim community.
النجاة
Deliverance
شَهِدَ اللهُ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ بِالصِّدْقِ فِي الِامْتِثَالِ، وَعَدَّهُمَا قَدْ أَدَّيَا كُلَّ مَا كَانَ مَطْلُوبًا مِنْهُمَا.
God witnessed the sincerity shown by both Abraham and Ishmael, and He considered them to have fulfilled all that was required of them:
وَنَادَيْنَاهُ أَنْ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، قَدْ صَدَّقْتَ الرُّؤْيَا، إِنَّا كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ. إِنَّ هَٰذَا لَهُوَ الْبَلَاءُ الْمُبِينُ. وَفَدَيْنَاهُ بِذِبْحٍ عَظِيمٍ.
We called to him: Abraham! You have already fulfilled the dream.’ Thus do We reward those who do good. All this was indeed a momentous trial. We ransomed [Ishmael] with a noble sacrifice. (Verses 104-107)
لقد أتممتَ ما كان عليك إتمامه. وإنما يريد الله من عباده أن يُسلموا أنفسهم له تسليمًا كاملًا، بحيث لا يبقى عندهم شيءٌ يرَوْنه غاليًا أو نفيسًا جدًّا فيتعذّر عليهم بذله، ولو كان ابنهم الوحيد أو أنفسهم. وقد فعلتَ ذلك يا إبراهيم، إذ قدّمتَ كل ما هو عزيز عليك، باليقين والرضا. ولم يبقَ بعد ذلك إلا لحمٌ ودم، ويمكن أن يُستبدل به أيُّ لحمٍ ودمٍ آخر. فافتدى الله هذا الغلام الذي أسلم نفسه لإرادته بذبحٍ عظيمٍ كريم. وقد رُوي أن الذبيحة كانت كبشًا وجده إبراهيم مُعدًّا بمشيئة الله، فذبحه فداءً عن إسماعيل.
You have indeed fulfilled all you needed to fulfil. God wants nothing from His servants other than that they submit themselves to Him totally, so that they have nothing which they consider too dear or too precious to give up, not even an only son, or their own lives. You, Abraham, have done this, offering everything dear, with certainty and acceptance. What was left was flesh and blood, which could be substituted by any type of flesh and blood. Thus, God ransomed this young man who had submitted himself to His will by a great and noble sacrifice. It is reported that the sacrifice was a ram which Abraham found ready by God’s will and that he sacrificed this ram in place of Ishmael.
قِيلَ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ: ﴿إِنَّا كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ﴾ (الآية ١٠٥). نَجْزِيهِمْ بِأَنْ نَخْتَارَهُمْ لِمِثْلِ هَذَا الِابْتِلَاءِ، وَنُوجِّهَ عُقُولَهُمْ وَقُلُوبَهُمْ لِتَرْتَقِيَ إِلَى الْمُسْتَوَى الْمَطْلُوبِ، وَنُعِينَهُمْ عَلَى إِتْمَامِهِ، ثُمَّ نُعْطِيَهُمُ الْجَزَاءَ الَّذِي يَسْتَحِقُّونَهُ.
Abraham was then told: “Thus do We reward those who do good.” (Verse 105) We reward them by choosing them for such a test, directing their minds and hearts to rise to the necessary level, helping them in such fulfilment and then giving them the reward they deserve.
إنَّ الاحتفاءَ بعيدِ الأضحى، أو عيدِ الأضحى، عندَ المسلمينَ هو إحياءٌ لذكرى هذا الحدثِ العظيمِ الذي يُعَدُّ رمزًا للإيمانِ الحقِّ والتسليمِ للهِ. وهذا الحدثُ يُمثِّلُ مرجعًا للأمةِ المسلمةِ تعرِفُ به أباها الأولَ، إبراهيمَ، الذي تتبعُ مِلَّتَه وتنتسبُ إليه. وبذلك تدركُ طبيعةَ إيمانِها القائمِ على الإذعانِ لمشيئةِ اللهِ بقبولٍ تامٍّ وطمأنينةٍ كاملةٍ، فلا تحتاجُ أبدًا إلى أن تسألَ اللهَ: لماذا؟ ولا تتردَّدُ في امتثالِ أمرِه متى أدركت ما يُريدُه منها. فهي تبذلُ كلَّ ما عندَها، لا تُمسِكُ شيئًا، ولا تختارُ لونًا معيَّنًا أو صورةً خاصةً للتضحيةِ، وإنما تفعلُ ما يأمرُها به. وتعلمُ الأمةُ المسلمةُ أيضًا أنَّ اللهَ لا يريدُ أن يُثقِلَ عليها بالابتلاءِ، ولا أن يُعنِّتَها بالمشقةِ، وإنما كلُّ ما يُريدُه منها أن تكونَ مستعدةً لبذلِ ما يُطلَبُ منها بطاعةٍ تامةٍ والتزامٍ كاملٍ، دونَ تردُّدٍ. فإذا أثبتت هذا الإخلاصَ التامَّ، رفعَ عنها الحاجةَ إلى التضحيةِ والمشقةِ، وعدَّ أنها قد أدَّت واجبَها، فأثابَها على ذلك، وعوَّضَها عن تضحيتِها، وأكرمَها كما أكرمَ أباها إبراهيمَ.
ذرّيّۃ إبراهيم
Abraham’s Descendants
وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْحَاقَ كَانَ مُوسَىٰ وَهَارُونُ.
The descendants of Abraham and Isaac included Moses and Aaron:
وَلَقَدْ مَنَنَّا عَلَىٰ مُوسَىٰ وَهَارُونَ، وَنَجَّيْنَاهُمَا وَقَوْمَهُمَا مِنَ الْكَرْبِ الْعَظِيمِ، وَنَصَرْنَاهُمْ فَكَانُوا هُمُ الْغَالِبِينَ
We also bestowed Our favour on Moses and Aaron; We saved them and their people from great distress; We gave them support, so that it was they who achieved victory.
وَآتَيْنَاهُمَا الْكِتَابَ الْمُسْتَبِينَ، وَهَدَيْنَاهُمَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ، وَتَرَكْنَا عَلَيْهِمَا فِي الْآخِرِينَ: سَلَامٌ عَلَىٰ مُوسَىٰ وَهَارُونَ، إِنَّا كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ، إِنَّهُمَا مِنْ عِبَادِنَا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
We gave them the Scripture which made things clear; We guided them to the right path; We caused them to be praised by later generations: Peace be upon Moses and Aaron! Thus do We reward those who do good. Both were among Our believing servants. (Verses 114-122)
هنا لا نجد إلا لمحة من قصة موسى وهارون، تُبرز نِعَمَ الله عليهما؛ أولاها اختيارهما لتبليغ رسالته، ثم نجاتهما وقومهما من الكرب العظيم، وهي القصة التي تُفصَّل في سورٍ أخرى. وكان من نِعَم الله عليهما أيضًا نصرهما على عدوّهما فرعون وقومه، وإيتاؤهما الكتاب، وهدايتهما إلى الصراط المستقيم. ومن الواضح أن الله لا يهدي إلى هذا الصراط المستقيم إلا من يؤمن به. وقد جعل لهما كذلك الثناء الحسن في الأجيال القادمة.
Here we only have a glimpse of the story of Moses and Aaron, highlighting God’s favours bestowed on them first in being chosen to deliver His message, then in saving them and their people from great distress, which is recounted in detail in other sūrahs. God’s favours on them also included their victory over their enemies, Pharaoh and his people, as also giving them the Scriptures and guiding them to the right path. It should be clear that God guides to this right path only those who believe in Him. He further ensured that they would be praised by future generations.
يختتم هذا المقطع بتحيةٍ وسلامٍ من الله على موسى وهارون. ويتكرّر هنا كذلك ذكرُ نوع الجزاء الذي يُعطى للمحسنين، والقيمةِ العظيمة للإيمان الذي يُكرَم به المؤمنون.
This glimpse concludes with a greeting and blessing of peace from God to Moses and Aaron. Again the type of reward given to those who do good and the great value of faith, for which believers are held in honour, is repeated here.
ويُعطى هنا لمحةٌ مشابهة من قصة إلياس، وهو نبيٌّ ورد ذكره في العهد القديم. كان إلياس رسولًا إلى قوم في الشام يعبدون صنمًا يُسمى بعل. وما تزال أطلال مدينة بعلبك في لبنان تحتفظ بآثار من تلك العبادة.
يونس عليه السلام والحوت
Jonah And The Whale
آخِرُ هذه اللمحات من تاريخ الرسل السابقين تتعلق بيونس.
The last of these glimpses from the history of earlier messengers concerns Jonah:
وَإِنَّ يُونُسَ لَمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِذْ أَبَقَ إِلَى الْفُلْكِ الْمَشْحُونِ فَسَاهَمَ فَكَانَ مِنَ الْمُدْحَضِينَ فَالْتَقَمَهُ الْحُوتُ وَهُوَ مُلِيمٌ فَلَوْلَا أَنَّهُ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُسَبِّحِينَ لَلَبِثَ فِي بَطْنِهِ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ يُبْعَثُونَ فَنَبَذْنَاهُ بِالْعَرَاءِ وَهُوَ سَقِيمٌ وَأَنْبَتْنَا عَلَيْهِ شَجَرَةً مِنْ يَقْطِينٍ وَأَرْسَلْنَاهُ إِلَىٰ مِائَةِ أَلْفٍ أَوْ يَزِيدُونَ فَآمَنُوا فَمَتَّعْنَاهُمْ إِلَىٰ حِينٍ
Jonah too was one of Our messengers. He deserted, going on the laden ship. They cast lots, and he was the one who lost. The whale swallowed him, for he was to blame. Had he not been of those who truly glorified God, he would have remained in the whale’s belly till Resurrection Day. We caused him to be cast out, sick, on a barren shore, and caused a gourd tree to grow over him. Then We sent him to la community of] one hundred thousand or more. They believed, so We let them enjoy life for a while.
(الآيات ١٣٩-١٤٨)
(Verses 139-148)
لا يذكر القرآن الكريم أين كان يعيش قوم يونس، لكن يُفهم أنهم كانوا غير بعيدين عن البحر. وتخبرنا الروايات أن يونس ضاق ذرعًا بإصرار قومه على تكذيب رسالته والحق الذي أوضحها. فحذّرهم من عذاب الله الوشيك، ثم تركهم غاضبًا. وقد قاده غضبه إلى ساحل البحر، فركب سفينة محمّلة. ولما كانت السفينة في وسط البحر، ضربتها عاصفة هائجة. وكان الشائع آنذاك أن مثل هذه الكارثة تدل على أن بين الركّاب من استوجب غضب الله. ولكي تصمد السفينة أمام العاصفة كان لا بد من إلقاء ذلك الشخص في البحر. فاقترعوا، فوقعت القرعة على يونس. ومع أنهم كانوا يعرفونه رجلًا فاضلًا تقيًّا، فقد تأكدت القرعة في حقه. فألقوه في البحر، أو ربما قفز بنفسه.
The Qur’ān does not mention where Jonah’s people lived, but it is understood that they were not far from the sea. Reports tell us that Jonah was frustrated by his people’s continued denial of his message and the truth it made clear. He warned them against God’s impending punishment, and then abandoned them in anger. His anger led him to the sea-shore, where he boarded a laden ship. When the ship was in the middle of the sea, it was hit by a raging storm. It was widely believed at that time that such a disaster signalled that among the passengers there must be someone who had incurred God’s anger. For the ship to withstand the storm that person had to be thrown overboard. They, thus, drew lots and Jonah was the one who lost. Although they knew him to be a virtuous and God-fearing man, the drawing of his lot was confirmed. Therefore, they threw him into the sea, or he might have jumped himself.
١١ يُنظر ذكر قصة يونس في مواضع أخرى في المجلد ٩، ص ١١٧-١١٨، والمجلد ١٢، ص ٥٢-٥٤. — ملاحظة المحرر.
11 Other references to Jonah’s story are discussed in Vol. 9, pp. 117-118, and Vol. 12, pp. 52-54. — Editor’s note.