يوسف (لقاء الإخوة) 58-79
Yusuf (Brothers’ Reunion) 58-79
جاء إخوةُ يوسفَ ووقفوا أمامه. عرفهم فورًا، لكنهم لم يعرفوه.
Joseph’s brothers arrived and presented themselves before him. He immediately knew them, but they did not recognize him.
(58)
(58)
ولَمَّا جَهَّزَهُم بِجَهَازِهِم قالَ ائْتُونِي بِأَخٍ لَكُم مِّنْ أَبِيكُمْ ۚ أَلَا تَرَوْنَ أَنِّي أُوفِي الْكَيْلَ وَأَنَا خَيْرُ الْمُنزِلِينَ
And when he had given them their provisions, he said: ‘Bring me that brother of yours from your father’s side. Do you not see that I give just measure and that I am the best of hosts? (59)
﴿فَإِنْ لَمْ تَأْتُونِي بِهِ فَلَا كَيْلَ لَكُمْ عِندِي وَلَا تَقْرَبُونِ﴾
But if you do not bring him, you shall never again receive from me a single measure [of provisions], nor shall you come near me.’ (60)
قَالُوا سَنُرَاوِدُ عَنْهُ أَبَاهُ وَإِنَّا لَفَاعِلُونَ ﴿٦١﴾
They said: ‘We shall endeavour to persuade his father to let him come. We will make sure to do so.’ (61)
قَالَ يُوسُفُ لِفِتْيَانِهِ: ﴿اجْعَلُوا بِضَاعَتَهُمْ فِي رِحَالِهِمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَعْرِفُونَهَا إِذَا انْقَلَبُوا إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ﴾ (62)
Joseph said to his servants: ‘Place their merchandise in their camel- packs, so that they may discover it when they return to their people. Perchance they will come back.’ (62)
فَلَمَّا رَجَعُوا إِلَىٰ أَبِيهِمْ قَالُوا يَا أَبَانَا مُنِعَ مِنَّا الْكَيْلُ فَأَرْسِلْ مَعَنَا أَخَانَا نَكْتَلْ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ ﴿٦٣﴾
When they returned to their father, they said: ‘Father, any [further] grain is henceforth denied us. Therefore, send our brother with us so that we may obtain our full measure [of grain]. We will take good care of him.’ (63)
قَالَ هَلْ آمَنُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا كَمَا أَمِنْتُكُمْ عَلَىٰ أَخِيهِ مِنْ قَبْلُ ۖ فَاللَّهُ خَيْرٌ حَافِظًا ۖ وَهُوَ أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِينَ (64)
He replied: ‘Am I to trust you with him in the same way as I trusted you with his brother in the past? But God is the best of guardians; and of all those who show mercy He is the Most Merciful.’ (64)
فَلَمَّا فَتَحُوا مَتَاعَهُمْ وَجَدُوا بِضَاعَتَهُمْ رُدَّتْ إِلَيْهِمْ ۖ قَالُوا يَا أَبَانَا مَا نَبْغِي ۖ هَٰذِهِ بِضَاعَتُنَا رُدَّتْ إِلَيْنَا
When they opened their camel- packs, they discovered that their merchandise had been returned to them. ‘Father,’ they said, ‘what more could we desire? Here is our merchandise: it has been returned to us.
وَنَمِيرُ أَهْلَنَا وَنَحْفَظُ أَخَانَا وَنَزْدَادُ كَيْلَ بَعِيرٍ ۖ ذَٰلِكَ كَيْلٌ يَسِيرٌ (٦٥)
We will buy provisions for our people, and we will take good care of our brother. We will receive an extra camel-load: that should be an easy load.’ (65)
قال: لَنْ أُرْسِلَهُ مَعَكُمْ حَتَّىٰ تُؤْتُونِ مَوْثِقًا مِّنَ اللَّهِ لَتَأْتُنَّنِي بِهِ إِلَّا أَن يُحَاطَ بِكُمْ ۖ فَلَمَّا آتَوْهُ مَوْثِقَهُمْ قَالَ: اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ مَا نَقُولُ وَكِيلٌ۔ (٦٦)
He said: ‘I will not send him with you until you give me a solemn pledge before God that you will indeed bring him back to me, unless the worst befalls you.’ When they had given him their solemn pledge, [Jacob] said: ‘God is witness to all that we say.’ (66)
وَقَالَ يَا بَنِيَّ لَا تَدْخُلُوا مِن بَابٍ وَاحِدٍ وَادْخُلُوا مِنْ أَبْوَابٍ مُّتَفَرِّقَةٍ ۖ وَمَا أُغْنِي عَنكُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ مِن شَيْءٍ ۖ إِنِ الْحُكْمُ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ ۖ عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ ۖ وَعَلَيْهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُتَوَكِّلُونَ ﴿٦٧﴾
And he added: ‘My sons, do not enter [the city] by one gate, but enter by different gates. In no way can I be of help to you against God. Judgement rests with none but God. In Him have I placed my trust, and in Him alone let all those who trust place their trust.’ (67)
وَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَهُمْ أَبُوهُمْ مَا كَانَ يُغْنِي عَنْهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا حَاجَةً فِي نَفْسِ يَعْقُوبَ قَضَاهَا، وَإِنَّهُ لَذُو عِلْمٍ لِمَا عَلَّمْنَاهُ وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ. (٦٨)
And when they entered as their father had bidden them, it did not profit them in the least against God. It was but a wish in Jacob’s soul which he had thus fulfilled. He was endowed with knowledge which We had given him. But most people do not know it. (68)
وَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا عَلَىٰ يُوسُفَ آوَىٰ إِلَيْهِ أَخَاهُ، قَالَ: إِنِّي أَنَا أَخُوكَ، فَلَا تَبْتَئِسْ بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ. (٦٩)
And when they presented themselves before Joseph, he drew his brother to himself, and said: ‘I am your brother. Do not grieve over their past deeds.’ (69)
فَلَمَّا جَهَّزَهُم بِجَهَازِهِمْ جَعَلَ السِّقَايَةَ فِي رَحْلِ أَخِيهِ ۚ ثُمَّ أَذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنٌ أَيَّتُهَا الْعِيرُ إِنَّكُمْ لَسَارِقُونَ
And when he had given them their provisions, he placed the [King’s] drinking- cup in his brother’s camel-pack. Then an announcer called out: ‘You people of the caravan! You are surely thieves.’ (70)
فَأَقْبَلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ يَتَلَاوَمُونَ
Turning back towards them, they said:
"ما الذي فقدتَه؟" (71)
‘What is it that you have lost?’ (71)
«قَالُوا: نَفْقِدُ صُوَاعَ الْمَلِكِ، وَلِمَن جَاءَ بِهِ حِمْلُ بَعِيرٍ، وَأَنَا بِهِ زَعِيمٌ». (٧٢)
‘We have lost the King’s goblet,’ they answered. ‘Whoever brings it shall have a camel-load [of grain as a reward]. I pledge my word for it.’ (72)
قَالُوا تَٱللَّهِ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتُم مَّا جِئْنَا لِنُفْسِدَ فِي ٱلْأَرْضِ وَمَا كُنَّا سَٰرِقِينَ Note: the text in the original is a Qur'an verse with a verse number, so I have rendered it in Qur'anic Arabic; if you intended an ordinary translation of the English sentence, here it is in plain Arabic: قالوا: والله لقد علمتم أنّا ما جئنا لنفسد في الأرض، وما كنّا سارقين. (٧٣)
They said: ‘By God, you know that we have not come to commit any evil deed in this land, and that we are no thieves.’ (73)
قَالُوا: «فَمَا جَزَاؤُهُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ كَاذِبِينَ» (٧٤)
[The Egyptians] said: ‘But what shall be the punishment for this deed, if you are proved to be lying?’ (74)
قَالُوا جَزَاؤُهُ مَنْ وُجِدَ فِي رَحْلِهِ فَهُوَ جَزَاؤُهُ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الظَّالِمِينَ (75)
They replied: ‘He in whose camel-pack it is found shall be enslaved in punishment for it. Thus do we punish the wrongdoers.’ (75)
فَبَدَأَ بِأَوْعِيَتِهِمْ قَبْلَ وِعَاءِ أَخِيهِ ثُمَّ اسْتَخْرَجَهَا مِنْ وِعَاءِ أَخِيهِ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ كِدْنَا لِيُوسُفَ ۚ مَا كَانَ لِيَأْخُذَ أَخَاهُ فِي دِينِ الْمَلِكِ إِلَّا أَن يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ ۚ نَرْفَعُ دَرَجَاتٍ مَّن نَّشَاءُ ۗ وَفَوْقَ كُلِّ ذِي عِلْمٍ عَلِيمٌ (76)
Thereupon, [Joseph] began to search their bags before the bag of his brother, and then took out the drinking-cup from his brother’s bag. Thus did We contrive for Joseph. He had no right under the King’s law to detain his brother, had God not so willed. We do exalt [in knowledge] whom We will, but above everyone who is endowed with knowledge there is One who knows all. (76)
قَالُوا إِن يَسْرِقْ فَقَدْ سَرَقَ أَخٌ لَّهُ مِن قَبْلُ ۚ فَأَسَرَّهَا يُوسُفُ فِي نَفْسِهِ وَلَمْ يُبْدِهَا لَهُمْ ۚ قَالَ أَنتُمْ شَرٌّ مَّكَانًا ۖ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا تَصِفُونَ (٧٧)
[Joseph’s brothers] said: ‘If he has stolen — well, a brother of his had stolen previously.’ Joseph kept his secret to himself and revealed nothing to them, saying [within himself]: ‘You are in a far worse position, and God knows best what you are speaking of.’ (77)
قَالُوا يَا أَيُّهَا الْعَزِيزُ إِنَّ لَهُ أَبًا شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا فَخُذْ أَحَدَنَا مَكَانَهُ ۖ إِنَّا نَرَاكَ مِنَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ
They said: ‘Chief Minister, this lad has a father who is very old. Take one of us instead of him. We see that you are indeed generous man.’ (78)
قَالَ: مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ أَنْ نَأْخُذَ إِلَّا مَنْ وَجَدْنَا مَتَاعَنَا عِنْدَهُ، إِنَّا إِذًا لَظَالِمُونَ. (79)
He answered: ‘God forbid that we should take any other than the man with whom we found our property; for then we would be wrongdoers.’ (79)
لقاءٌ مع الإخوة المفقودين
An Encounter With Lost Brothers
لقاء مع الإخوة الذين فُقدوا مضت سنوات، لكن السورة لا تذكر ما جرى خلالها. فهي لا تتحدث عن سنوات الحصاد الوفير، ولا عن الكيفية التي اتبعها الناس للاستفادة منها في زراعتهم على أفضل وجه. ولا تتحدث عن كيفية إدارة يوسف للنظام، ولا عن طريقة تخزينه للمحصول الذي لم يُستهلك. وكل ذلك يبدو مضمّناً في قول يوسف نفسه حين طلب توليته: ﴿إِنِّي حَفِيظٌ عَلِيمٌ﴾ (الآية 55). ولا تذكر السورة مجيء سنوات الجدب وشح المحصول، ولا كيفية استقبال الناس لها، ولا كيف فقدوا أرزاقهم عملياً في تلك السنين. وكل ذلك يبدو مضمّناً في تأويل رؤيا الملك، حين قال يوسف عن هذه السنين: ﴿ثُمَّ يَأْتِي مِن بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ سَبْعٌ شِدَادٌ يَأْكُلْنَ مَا قَدَّمْتُمْ لَهُنَّ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِّمَّا تُحْصِنُونَ﴾ (الآية 48).
An Encounter with Lost Brothers Years went by, but the sūrah leaves out what happened during them. It does not speak about the years of rich harvest, and how the people went about making the best use of them in their agriculture. Nor does it speak about how Joseph managed the system, and how he stocked the unused harvest. All these seem to be implied in Joseph’s own statement when he requested his appointment: “I am able to look after them with wisdom.” (Verse 55) Nor does the sūrah mention the arrival of the hard years with poor harvest, or how the people received them, or how they practically lost their livelihood during them. It all seems to be implied in the interpretation of the King’s dream, when Joseph said of these years: “Then after that there will come seven hard years which will devour all that you have laid up for them, except a little of what you have kept in store.” (Verse 48)
تكتفي السورة بعدم ذكر الملك أو أيٍّ من وزرائه أو مستشاريه في أي حدث لاحق، فيتولّد لدى القارئ انطباع بأن الأمور الجسيمة كلها تُركت في يد يوسف عليه السلام. فهو الذي أدار الأزمة بأكملها، وهو الذي نال الأضواء كلها، وقد وظّفت السورة هذه الحقيقة التاريخية توظيفاً بليغاً.
The sūrah does not mention the King or any of his ministers or advisors at any future event. It thus gives us the impression that all matters of importance were left in Joseph’s hands. It was he who managed the whole crisis. Joseph is the one given all the limelight, and the sūrah makes effective use of this historical fact.
أما آثار سنوات القحط فقد لفتت السورة الانتباه إليها بذكر إخوة يوسف الذين جاؤوا من البادية، من أرضٍ بعيدة، يطلبون الطعام في مصر. وهذا يعطينا فكرة عن مدى اتساع رقعة المجاعة.
As for the effects of the years of scarcity, the sūrah draws attention to this by referring to Joseph’s brothers as those that came from the desert, in a faraway land, to look for food in Egypt. This gives us an idea of how widespread the famine was.
نُدرِك طبيعة السياسة التي انتهجتها مصر تحت إشراف يوسف. ومن الواضح أن البلدان المجاورة كانت تتطلع إلى مصر طلباً للعون، إذ صارت مخزناً للغلال للمنطقة كلها. وفي الوقت نفسه، تسير قصة يوسف ومعاملته لإخوته بطريقة تحقق غاية دينية.
الإخوة يسافرون مرة أخرى
The Brothers Travel Again
تَنتقِل السورة مباشرةً إلى أرض كنعان، حيث يتحدث الإخوةُ إلى أبيهم. ولا تذكر السورة شيئاً البتة عن رحلة العودة، ولا عمّا إذا كان قد وقع فيها شيءٌ مهم. وها هم الإخوة يخبرون أباهم بأهم ما تعلّموه في نهاية رحلتهم: ﴿فَلَمَّا رَجَعُوا إِلَىٰ أَبِيهِمْ قَالُوا يَا أَبَانَا مُنِعَ مِنَّا الْكَيْلُ فَأَرْسِلْ مَعَنَا أَخَانَا نَكْتَلْ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ﴾
The sūrah takes us immediately to the land of Kanaan, where the brothers are talking to their father. The sūrah says nothing whatsoever about the return journey, and whether anything of importance happened. Here the brothers are telling their father the most important point that they learnt at the end of their trip: “When they returned to their father, they said: ‘Father, any [further] grain is henceforth denied us.
فَأَرْسِلْ مَعَنَا أَخَانَا نَكْتَلْ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ (الآية 63)۔ وَأَرَادُوا أَنْ يَعْلَمَ أَبُوهُمْ هَذَا عَاجِلًا، لِأَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ هَذَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَفْتَحُوا أَمْتِعَتَهُمْ۔ فَيُخْبِرُونَهُ أَنَّ عَزِيزَ مِصْرَ قَدْ قَرَّرَ أَلَّا يُعْطِيَهُمْ أَيَّ مِيرَةٍ أُخْرَى إِلَّا إِذَا اصْطَحَبُوا أَخَاهُمُ الصَّغِيرَ مَعَهُمْ۔ وَلِذَلِكَ يَطْلُبُونَ مِنْ أَبِيهِمْ أَنْ يَدَعَهُ يَذْهَبُ مَعَهُمْ حَتَّى يَتَمَكَّنُوا مِنْ شِرَاءِ تِلْكَ المِيرَةِ۔ وَيَعِدُونَهُ أَنَّهُمْ سَيَحْفَظُونَهُ حِفْظًا تَامًّا۔
Therefore, send our brother with us so that we may obtain our full measure [of grain]. We will take good care of him.’“ (Verse 63) They wanted their father to know this urgently, because they say this even before they open their luggage. They tell him that the Chief Minister of Egypt has decided not to give them any further provisions unless they take their younger brother with them. Hence they request their father to let him go with them so that they can buy such provisions. They promise to take good care of him.
هذا العهد لا بد أنه أيقظ ذكريات قديمة في نفس يعقوب. إنه تكرار تام لعهدهم بأن يحسنوا رعاية يوسف. ومن ثم، فهو يتحدث عن أحزانه التي أحياها العهد الجديد: ﴿قَالَ هَلْ آمَنُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا كَمَا أَمِنْتُكُمْ عَلَىٰ أَخِيهِ مِنْ قَبْلُ﴾ (الآية ٦٤). إنه في حقيقة الأمر يخبرهم بأنه لن يعتمد على عهودهم. وليس له حاجة إلى الرعاية التي قد يقدمونها لابنه الأصغر. فإن احتاج إلى أي حماية له، فسيطلبها من مكان آخر: ﴿فَاللَّهُ خَيْرٌ حَافِظًا وَهُوَ أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِينَ﴾ (الآية ٦٤).
This promise must have awakened old memories in Jacob’s mind. It is an exact repeat of their promise to take good care of Joseph. Hence, he speaks of his sorrows that the new promise has revived: “He replied: ‘Am I to trust you with him in the same way as I trusted you with his brother in the past?”‘ (Verse 64) He is in effect telling them he will have nothing to do with their promises. He has no need of the care they may take of his younger son. Should he need any guardianship for him, he will seek it elsewhere: “But God is the best of guardians; and of all those who show mercy He is the Most Merciful.” (Verse 64)
البحث عن التفاصيل غير الضرورية
Looking For Unnecessary Details
تمضي القافلة، ويُنفّذ أبناءُ يعقوب وصيّةَ أبيهم.
The party moves along and Jacob’s children carry out their father’s instructions:
"وَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَهُمْ أَبُوهُم مَّا كَانَ يُغْنِي عَنْهُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ مِن شَيْءٍ إِلَّا حَاجَةً فِي نَفْسِ يَعْقُوبَ قَضَاهَا ۚ وَإِنَّهُ لَذُو عِلْمٍ لِّمَا عَلَّمْنَاهُ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ". (الآية 68) ما الغرض من وصية يعقوب؟ ولماذا يريدهم أن يدخلوا المدينة من أبواب متفرقة؟
“And when they entered as their father had bidden them, it did not profit them in the least against God. It was but a wish in Jacob’s soul which he had thus fulfilled. He was endowed with knowledge which We had given him. But most people do not know it.” (Verse 68) What was the purpose of Jacob’s instruction? Why does he want them to enter the city from different gates?
وتقدّم الروايات والتفاسير تفسيراتٍ مختلفةً لا حاجة إليها، بل إنّ هذه التفسيرات تُناقض ما يريد النصّ القرآنيّ أن يُبلّغه.
Reports and commentaries provide different explanations for which there is no need. In fact these explanations are against what the Qur’ānic text wants to impart.
لو أراد القرآن أن يُنيرنا بشأن سبب هذه التعليمات لذكره، لكنه لا يذكر شيئًا سوى قوله: {وَمَا كَانَ يُغْنِي عَنْهُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ مِن شَيْءٍ إِلَّا حَاجَةً فِي نَفْسِ يَعْقُوبَ قَضَاهَا} (الآية 68). وينبغي للمفسرين أن يقفوا عند هذا الموضع أيضًا، حفاظًا على الجو الذي يريد القرآن أن يُضفيه. وهذا الجو يوحي بأن يعقوب كان يخشى على أبنائه أمرًا، ورأى أن دخولهم المدينة من أبواب متفرقة قد يدفعه. وفي الوقت نفسه يدرك أنه لا يستطيع أن يغني عنهم شيئًا من مشيئة الله.
Had the Qur’ān wanted to enlighten us about the reason for these instructions, it would have stated it, but it does not mention anything other than saying, “It was but a wish in Jacob’s soul which he had thus fulfilled.” (Verse 68) Commentators should likewise stop at this juncture in order to retain the atmosphere the Qur’ān wants to impart. That atmosphere suggests that Jacob feared something for his children, which he felt could be prevented by their entering the city from different gates. At the same time he realizes that he could not avail them anything against God’s will.
كُلُّ الحُكْمِ لِلّهِ، وَعَلَيْهِ وَحْدَهُ يَجِبُ أَنْ يَتَوَكَّلَ المُتَوَكِّلُونَ. وَإِنَّمَا وَصَّى بَنِيهِ بِهَذِهِ الوَصِيَّةِ عَلَى سَبِيلِ الحَدْسِ والفِطْنَةِ. فَقَدْ عَلَّمَهُ اللهُ، فَتَعَلَّمَ أَنَّ مَشِيئَةَ اللهِ وَاقِعَةٌ لا مَحَالَةَ: ﴿وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ (الآية ٦٨).
All judgement belongs to God, and all trust must be placed in Him. It was only in an intuitive sense he gave his children this instruction. God had taught him, and he had learnt, that God’s will is certain to be done: “But most people do not know it.” (Verse 68)
سرقة يُعلَن عنها
A Theft Is Announced
﴿وَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا عَلَىٰ يُوسُفَ آوَىٰ إِلَيْهِ أَخَاهُ قَالَ إِنِّي أَنَا أَخُوكَ فَلَا تَبْتَئِسْ بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ﴾ (الآية ٦٩). نلاحظ أن السورة لا تُبقينا في حيرة، بل تخبرنا سريعًا بأن يوسف ﷺ اختلى بأخيه وأخبره أنه أخوه الشقيق، وأمره ألا يحزن لما فعله به إخوته. وتذكر السورة ذلك مباشرة، مع أنه لا بد أن يكون قد وقع بعد وصولهم، حين أتيحت ليوسف فرصة الحديث مع أخيه على انفراد. Note: the honorific ﷺ has been applied only to the Prophet Muhammad, so it was not added to Joseph in this text (Joseph is a prophet, and the rules limit ﷺ to the Prophet Muhammad).
“And when they presented themselves before Joseph, he drew his brother to himself and said: ‘I am your brother. Do not grieve over their past deeds.’“ (Verse 69) We note how the sūrah does not keep us in suspense but tells us very quickly that Joseph took his brother aside for a private talk telling him that he was his own brother. He also tells him not to bother himself with what his brothers did to him. The sūrah tells us straightaway about that, although naturally it must have happened sometime after their arrival, when Joseph has had a chance to speak to his brother in private.
ومع ذلك، كانت هذه أول فكرة خطرت في ذهن يوسف عليه السلام حين دخل إخوته مكانه، وحين رأى أخاه الشقيق بعد هذه المدة الطويلة. ولذلك ذكرت السورة هذا أول فعلٍ لأنه أول ما يخطر على البال. وهذا من لطائف أسلوب هذا الكتاب العظيم.
Nevertheless, this was the first thought in Joseph’s mind when his brothers entered his place and when he saw his full brother after such a long time. Hence, the sūrah mentions it as the first action because it is the first thought. This is one of the finer aspects of the style of this remarkable book.
ثم تترك السورة أي تفاصيل عن الضيافة التي ربما قدّمها يوسف لإخوته، وتنتقل مباشرة إلى المشهد الأخير حين يوشك الإخوة على الرحيل. ونعلم بخطة يوسف لإبقاء أخيه معه حتى يتعلم إخوته دروسًا ضرورية، وهي دروس نافعة لجميع الناس وجميع الأجيال: ﴿فَلَمَّا جَهَّزَهُم بِجَهَازِهِمْ جَعَلَ السِّقَايَةَ فِي رَحْلِ أَخِيهِ ثُمَّ أَذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنٌ أَيَّتُهَا الْعِيرُ إِنَّكُمْ لَسَارِقُونَ * قَالُوا وَأَقْبَلُوا عَلَيْهِم مَّاذَا تَفْقِدُونَ * قَالُوا نَفْقِدُ صُوَاعَ الْمَلِكِ وَلِمَن جَاءَ بِهِ حِمْلُ بَعِيرٍ وَأَنَا بِهِ زَعِيمٌ * قَالُوا تَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتُم مَّا جِئْنَا لِنُفْسِدَ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَا كُنَّا سَارِقِينَ * قَالُوا فَمَا جَزَاؤُهُ إِن كُنتُمْ كَاذِبِينَ * قَالُوا جَزَاؤُهُ مَن وُجِدَ فِي رَحْلِهِ فَهُوَ جَزَاؤُهُ كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الظَّالِمِينَ * فَبَدَأَ بِأَوْعِيَتِهِمْ قَبْلَ وِعَاءِ أَخِيهِ ثُمَّ اسْتَخْرَجَهَا مِن وِعَاءِ أَخِيهِ كَذَٰلِكَ كِدْنَا لِيُوسُفَ مَا كَانَ لِيَأْخُذَ أَخَاهُ فِي دِينِ الْمَلِكِ إِلَّا أَن يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ نَرْفَعُ دَرَجَاتٍ مَّن نَّشَاءُ وَفَوْقَ كُلِّ ذِي عِلْمٍ عَلِيمٌ * قَالُوا إِن يَسْرِقْ فَقَدْ سَرَقَ أَخٌ لَّهُ مِن قَبْلُ فَأَسَرَّهَا يُوسُفُ فِي نَفْسِهِ وَلَمْ يُبْدِهَا لَهُمْ قَالَ أَنتُمْ شَرٌّ مَّكَانًا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا تَصِفُونَ * قَالُوا يَا أَيُّهَا الْعَزِيزُ إِنَّ لَهُ أَبًا شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا فَخُذْ أَحَدَنَا مَكَانَهُ إِنَّا نَرَاكَ مِنَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ﴾ قَالَ مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ أَنْ نَّأْخُذَ إِلَّا مَن وَجَدْنَا مَتَاعَنَا عِندَهُ إِنَّا إِذًا لَّظَالِمُونَ (الآيات ٧٠-٧٩)
يوسف يحتجز أخاه
Joseph Arrests His Brother
قَالُوا فَمَا جَزَاؤُهُ إِن كُنتُمْ كَاذِبِينَ
At this point, a challenge was put to them by the guards or staff: “But what shall be the punishment for this deed, if you are proved to be lying?” (Verse 74)
هنا يُكشَف جزءٌ من التدبير الذي ألهم الله يوسفَ أن يتّخذه. وكان من عادة أهل دين يعقوب أن يُؤخذ السارق رهينةً أو أسيراً، أو أن يُسترَقّ جزاءً لما سرق. ولما كان إخوةُ يوسف واثقين ببراءتهم، قبلوا أن يُطبَّق حكمُ شريعتهم على من يثبت أنه سرق الصُّواع. وقد بيّن جوابهم العقوبةَ وفق نظامهم القانوني: ﴿قَالُوا جَزَاؤُهُ مَن وُجِدَ فِي رَحْلِهِ فَهُوَ جَزَاؤُهُ﴾ [يوسف: 75]. فالسارق ظالمٌ، والظالمون يُعامَلون بمقتضى الشريعة.
Here a part of the design which God has inspired Joseph to employ is revealed. It was customary in Jacob’s faith that a thief be taken as a hostage or captive or that he be enslaved in compensation for what he had stolen. Since Joseph’s brothers were certain of their innocence, they accepted that their law should be enforced against the one who might be proved to have stolen the goblet. Their reply defined the punishment in their own legal system: “He in whose camel pack it is found shall be enslaved in punishment for it. Thus do we punish the wrongdoers.” (Verse 75) A thief is a wrongdoer and wrongdoers must be treated according to the law.
هذا الحوار جرى أمام يوسف، فأمر بتفتيش أوعية الإبل. وكان حكيمًا، فبدأ بتفتيش أوعية إخوته من أبيه قبل وعاء أخيه الأصغر، حتى لا يثير أي شك في الأمر: ﴿فَبَدَأَ بِأَوْعِيَتِهِمْ قَبْلَ وِعَاءِ أَخِيهِ ثُمَّ اسْتَخْرَجَهَا مِنْ وِعَاءِ أَخِيهِ﴾ (الآية ٧٦). ويترك القصص لنا أن نتخيل الصدمة الكبيرة التي أصابت أبناء يعقوب، وهم على يقين تام ببراءتهم، فأقسموا على ذلك بصوت واحد. ولا يذكر القصص شيئًا من ذلك، بل يتركنا نتأمله.
This conversation took place in front of Joseph who then ordered that their camel- packs be searched. Wise as he was, he started by searching the camel-packs of his half brothers before that of his younger brother’s, so that he did not raise any doubt about the matter: “Thereupon, [Joseph] began to search their bags before the bag of his brother, and then took out the drinking-cup from his brother’s bag.” (Verse 76) The narrative leaves us to imagine the great shock Jacob’s sons experienced when they were absolutely certain of their innocence, swearing to it in one voice. It mentions nothing of all this, leaving us instead to contemplate it.
وَفِي الأَثْنَاءِ يُعَلِّقُ النَّصُّ على مقاصدَ معيّنةٍ وراء القصة، بينما يعود أبناءُ يعقوب والحاضرون إلى وعيهم: ﴿كَذَٰلِكَ كِدْنَا لِيُوسُفَ﴾ (الآية 76).
Meanwhile it comments on certain objectives behind the story while Jacob’s sons and the onlookers come to themselves: “Thus did We contrive for Joseph.” (Verse 76)
الاستئناف غير الناجح
Unsuccessful Appeal
وبالعودة إلى إخوة يوسف، الذين استيقظ حقدهم على يوسف وأخيه، نجدهم يبذلون قصارى جهدهم لإنكار أن يكون لهم أي صلة بالسرقة، ويُلصقونها بالفرع الآخر من أبناء أبيهم: ﴿قَالُوا إِن يَسْرِقْ فَقَدْ سَرَقَ أَخٌ لَّهُ مِن قَبْلُ﴾. (الآية 77) وهناك روايات كثيرة تحاول تأييد قولهم، وتنقل أعذارًا وأساطير شتى، متناسية أن هؤلاء القوم كانوا قد كذبوا على أبيهم من قبل بشأن يوسف. وهذه المحاولات تغفل أنهم قد يكذبون مرة أخرى على عزيز مصر ليُنكروا مسؤوليتهم عن فعلٍ يُخجل، فيحاولون بذلك تبرئة أنفسهم من كل ما يتعلق بيوسف وأخيه الأصغر. وفعلهم هذا يدل على أنهم ما زالوا يحملون الحقد على يوسف وأخيه معًا.
Turning back to Joseph’s brothers whose grudge against Joseph and his brother has been aroused, we find them trying their best to deny having anything to do with theft, while they attach it to the other branch of their father’s children: “They said: ‘If he has stolen — well, a brother of his had stolen previously.’“ (Verse 77) There are countless reports which try to endorse their statement, quoting various excuses and legends, forgetting that these people had themselves previously lied to their father about Joseph. These attempts forget that they could lie again to Egypt’s Chief Minister in order to deny their responsibility for an embarrassing act. They thus try to absolve themselves of anything to do with Joseph and his younger brother. Their action shows that they still harboured a grudge against both Joseph and his brother.
ولهذا وضعوا اللوم بشكل مباشر على هذين الاثنين.
Hence they put the blame squarely on these two.
فَأَسَرَّهَا يُوسُفُ فِي نَفْسِهِ وَلَمْ يُبْدِهَا لَهُمْ. (الآية 77) فقد تحمّل اتهامهم دون أن يُظهر أنه تأثّر به، عالماً أن هو وأخوه بريئان تماماً. وقال لهم فقط: «أَنتُمْ شَرٌّ مَّكَاناً». (الآية 77) والمعنى أن اتهامهم الكاذب قد جعلهم في موقف أسوأ بكثير عند الله من موقف المتَّهَم. وهذا قولٌ يُخبر عن حقيقة، لا إهانة. «وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا تَصِفُونَ». (الآية 77) وقال ذلك كي لا يدخل في أي جدال حول اتهامهم، وهو الذي لم يكن له فيه شأن على ما يُرجَّح.
“Joseph kept his secret to himself revealed nothing to them.” (Verse 77) He simply bore their accusation without showing that he was affected by it, knowing that both he and his brother were totally innocent. He only said to them: “You are in a far worse position.” (Verse 77) What this means is that their false accusation put them in a far worse position in God’s sight than that of the accused. His is a statement of fact, not an insult. “God knows best what you are speaking of” (Verse 77) This he says so as not to enter into any argument about their accusation, which he presumably had nothing to do with.
ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ يَشْعُرُونَ الآنَ بِالْمَوْقِفِ الْمُحْرِجِ الَّذِي هُمْ فِيهِ. فَقَدْ تَذَكَّرُوا الْعَهْدَ الْمُؤَكَّدَ الَّذِي قَطَعُوهُ لِأَبِيهِمْ حِينَ اشْتَرَطَ لِإِرْسَالِ أَخِيهِمْ مَعَهُمْ أَنْ يَأْتُوهُ بِهِ، قَائِلِينَ: «لَتَأْتُنَّنِي بِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يُحَاطَ بِكُمْ»، أَيْ إِلَّا أَنْ يُصِيبَكُمْ مَا لَا تَقْدِرُونَ مَعَهُ عَلَى الرُّجُوعِ. وَلِذَلِكَ يَتَضَرَّعُونَ إِلَى يُوسُفَ أَنْ يَدَعَ أَخَاهُمُ الصَّغِيرَ يَعُودُ مَعَهُمْ، مُعْتَذِرِينَ بِمَا يُلْحِقُهُ حَبْسُهُ مِنَ الْأَلَمِ بِأَبِيهِمُ الشَّيْخِ الْكَبِيرِ. وَيَعْرِضُونَ أَنْ يَبْقَى أَحَدُهُمْ بَدَلًا عَنْهُ إِنْ لَمْ يُطْلِقْهُ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَبِيهِ الْمُسِنِّ. كَمَا يَسْتَعْطِفُونَهُ بِرِقَّتِهِ وَرَحْمَتِهِ، فَيَقُولُونَ لَهُ: «يَا أَيُّهَا الْعَزِيزُ، إِنَّ لَهُ أَبًا شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا، فَخُذْ أَحَدَنَا مَكَانَهُ، إِنَّا نَرَاكَ مِنَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ». [الآية 78]