سورۃ الکہف (الكهف) (الإيمان القائم على الاختيار الحر) 28-46
Al-Kahf The Cave ( F AITH BASED ON F REE CHOICE) 28-46
وَاصْبِرْ نَفْسَكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُم بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَهُ ۖ وَلَا تَعْدُ عَيْنَاكَ عَنْهُمْ تُرِيدُ زِينَةَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَلَا تُطِعْ مَنْ أَغْفَلْنَا قَلْبَهُ عَن ذِكْرِنَا وَاتَّبَعَ هَوَاهُ وَكَانَ أَمْرُهُ فُرُطًا ﴿٢٨﴾
And contain yourself in patience with those who call on their Lord morning and evening, seeking His countenance. Let not your eyes pass beyond them in quest of the beauties of the life of this world. Pay no heed to any whose heart We have left to be negligent of all remembrance of Us because he had always followed his own desires, and whose case has gone beyond all bounds. (28)
قُلِ: «الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ».
Say: ‘The truth [has now come] from your Lord.
فَمَن شَاءَ فَلْيُؤْمِن وَمَن شَاءَ فَلْيَكْفُرْ ۚ إِنَّا أَعْتَدْنَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ نَارًا أَحَاطَ بِهِمْ سُرَادِقُهَا ۚ وَإِن يَسْتَغِيثُوا يُغَاثُوا بِمَاءٍ كَالْمُهْلِ يَشْوِي الْوُجُوهَ ۚ بِئْسَ الشَّرَابُ وَسَاءَتْ مُرْتَفَقًا
Let him who wills, believe in it, and let him who wills, reject it.’ For the wrongdoers We have prepared a fire whose billowing folds will encompass them from all sides. If they beg for water, they will be given water [hot] like molten lead, which will scald their faces. Dreadful is the drink, and evil is the place to seek rest. (29)
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ إِنَّا لَا نُضِيعُ أَجْرَ مَنْ أَحْسَنَ عَمَلًا
As for those who believe and do righteous deeds — We, for certain, do not fail to reward any who perseveres in doing good. (30)
أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتُ عَدْنٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهِمُ الْأَنْهَارُ ۖ يُحَلَّوْنَ فِيهَا مِنْ أَسَاوِرَ مِن ذَهَبٍ وَيَلْبَسُونَ ثِيَابًا خُضْرًا مِّن سُندُسٍ وَإِسْتَبْرَقٍ مُّتَّكِئِينَ فِيهَا عَلَى الْأَرَائِكِ ۚ نِعْمَ الثَّوَابُ وَحَسُنَتْ مُرْتَفَقًا ﴿٣١﴾
Theirs shall be gardens of perpetual bliss, with rivers rolling at their feet. There they will be adorned with bracelets of gold and will wear green garments of silk and brocade, and they will recline on couches. Excellent is the recompense, and comfortable is the place to rest. (31)
وَاضْرِبْ لَهُم مَّثَلًا رَّجُلَيْنِ جَعَلْنَا لِأَحَدِهِمَا جَنَّتَيْنِ مِنْ أَعْنَابٍ وَحَفَفْنَاهُمَا بِنَخْلٍ وَجَعَلْنَا بَيْنَهُمَا زَرْعًا
Set forth to them the case of two men, to one of whom We gave two vineyards and surrounded them with date-palms, and placed a field of grain in between. (32)
كِلْتَا الْجَنَّتَيْنِ آتَتْ أُكُلَهَا وَلَمْ تَظْلِمْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ۚ وَفَجَّرْنَا خِلَالَهُمَا نَهَرًا
Each of the two gardens yielded its produce and never failed to do so in any way. In the midst of them We caused a stream to flow. (33)
فَكَانَ لَهُ ثَمَرٌ ۚ فَقَالَ لِصَاحِبِهِ وَهُوَ يُحَاوِرُهُ أَنَا۠ أَكْثَرُ مِنْكَ مَالًا وَأَعَزُّ نَفَرًا وَكَانَ لَهُ ثَمَرٌ كَثِيرٌ، فَقَالَ مَرَّةً لِصَاحِبِهِ وَهُوَ يُحَاوِرُهُ فِي أَثْنَاءِ حَدِيثٍ جَرَى بَيْنَهُمَا: أَنَا أَكْثَرُ مِنْكَ مَالًا، وَأَعَزُّ نَفَرًا.
And so [the man] had fruit in abundance. This man said once to his friend, in the course of a discussion between them, ‘More wealth have I than you, and more power and followers.’ (34)
وَدَخَلَ جَنَّتَهُ وَهُوَ ظَالِمٌ لِنَفْسِهِ، قَالَ مَا أَظُنُّ أَنْ تَبِيدَ هَٰذِهِ أَبَدًا (35)
And having thus wronged his soul, he went into his garden, saying: ‘I do not think that this will ever perish! (35)
ولا أظن أن الساعة ستقوم أبدًا، ولكن لو رُدِدتُ إلى ربي، لأجدنَّ عنده خيرًا من هذا منقلبًا.
Nor do I think that the Last Hour will ever come. But even if [it does and] I am brought before my Lord, I should surely find there something better than this in exchange.’ (36)
ردّ عليه صديقه في أثناء حديثهما:
His friend replied in the course of their discussion:
أَكَفَرْتَ بِالَّذِي خَلَقَكَ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ سَوَّاكَ رَجُلًا ﴿٣٧﴾
‘Do you deny Him who has created you out of dust, and then out of a drop of sperm, and in the end fashioned you into a man? (37)
أَمَّا أَنَا فَأَعْتَقِدُ أَنَّهُ اللَّهُ رَبِّي، وَلَا أُشْرِكُ بِرَبِّي أَحَدًا.
But for my part, I believe that He is God, my Lord, and none shall I associate with my Lord.
(38)
(38)
وَلَوْلَا إِذْ دَخَلْتَ جَنَّتَكَ قُلْتَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ ۚ إِنْ تَرَنِ أَنَا أَقَلَّ مِنْكَ مَالًا وَوَلَدًا
If only you said as you entered your garden, “Whatever God wills [shall come to pass, for] there is no power except with God!” Although, as you see, I have less wealth and offspring than you, (39)
فَعَسَىٰ رَبِّي أَن يُؤْتِيَنِ خَيْرًا مِّن جَنَّتِكَ وَيُرْسِلَ عَلَيْهَا حُسْبَانًا مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ فَتُصْبِحَ صَعِيدًا زَلَقًا
yet it may well be that my Lord will give me something better than your garden, just as He may let loose a calamity out of heaven upon this [your garden], so that it becomes a heap of barren dust (40)
أَوْ يُصْبِحَ مَاؤُهَا غَوْرًا فَلَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ لَهُ طَلَبًا (41)
or its water sinks deep into the ground, so that you will never be able to find it.’ (41)
فَأُحِيطَ بِثَمَرِهِ فَأَصْبَحَ يُقَلِّبُ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَىٰ مَا أَنفَقَ فِيهَا وَهِيَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَىٰ عُرُوشِهَا وَيَقُولُ يَا لَيْتَنِي لَمْ أُشْرِكْ بِرَبِّي أَحَدًا (42)
So his fruitful gardens were encompassed with ruin, and there he was, wringing his hands over all that he had spent on that which now lay waste, with its trellises caved in; and he could only say: ‘Would that I had not associated partners with my Lord!’ (42)
وَمَا كَانَ لَهُ مِن فِئَةٍ يَنصُرُونَهُ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُنتَصِرِينَ
He had none to support him against God, nor was he able to save himself. (43)
هَٰذَا هُوَ الْحَقُّ، فَإِنَّ الْوِلَايَةَ كُلَّهَا لِلَّهِ الْحَقِّ، هُوَ خَيْرٌ ثَوَابًا وَخَيْرٌ عُقْبًا. (44)
For thus it is: all protection comes from God, the True One. He is the best to grant reward and the best to [determine] outcome. (44)
وَاضْرِبْ لَهُم مَّثَلَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا كَمَاءٍ أَنزَلْنَاهُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَاخْتَلَطَ بِهِ نَبَاتُ الْأَرْضِ فَأَصْبَحَ هَشِيمًا تَذْرُوهُ الرِّيَاحُ ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مُّقْتَدِرًا ﴿٤٥﴾
Set forth to them a simile about the life of this world: [it is] like the water which We send down from the skies, and which is absorbed by the plants of the earth. In time they turn into dry stubble which the winds blow freely about. It is God alone who has power over all things. (45)
الْمَالُ وَالْبَنُونَ زِينَةُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَالْبَاقِيَاتُ الصَّالِحَاتُ خَيْرٌ عِندَ رَبِّكَ ثَوَابًا وَخَيْرٌ أَمَلًا ﴿٤٦﴾
Wealth and children are the adornment of the life of this world: but the things that endure, good deeds, are of far greater merit in your Lord’s sight, and a far better source of hope. (46)
نظرة عامة
Overview
يُرسي هذا المقطعُ الثاني من السورة منظومةً صحيحةً للقيم من المنظور الإيماني. فلا قيمة حقيقية للمال ولا للمنصب ولا للنفوذ ولا للسلطة، ولا للملذّات والرفاهية، فكلُّ ذلك زائلٌ. والإسلامُ لا يحرّم التمتعَ بالطيبات والراحةِ التي تُنال بطريقٍ مشروعٍ وحلال، لكنها ليست غايةَ الحياةِ الإنسانية. فمن أراد أن يتمتع بها فله ذلك، لكن عليه أن يتذكّر أن الله هو الذي يرزقه إياها. ولذلك ينبغي للإنسان أن يعبّر عن شكره لله بالعمل الصالح، فهو ما يبقى في النهاية.
This second passage of the sūrah establishes a proper value system from a faith perspective. No real value is attached to wealth, position, influence or power, nor to indulgences and comforts. All these are transitory. Islam does not prohibit enjoyment of luxuries or comforts that are obtained in a lawful and legitimate way. But these are not the goals of human life. Whoever wants to enjoy these may do so, but he should remember that it is God who provides them. A human being must, therefore, express his gratitude to God through good work, because this is what remains in the end.
يبدأ المقطع بتوجيه إلى النبي ﷺ بأن يصبر ويثبت مع الذين يدعون ربهم بالغداة والعشي يبتغون وجهه، وأن يعرض عن أولئك الذين غفلوا عن ذكر ربهم. ثم يُضرب مثلٌ للفريقين، وذلك في قصة رجلين: أحدهما يفاخر بماله وجاهه، والآخر يحفظ إيمانه الخالص بالله، راجيًا أن ينال منه ما هو خيرٌ من كل متاع الدنيا.
The passage starts with a directive to the Prophet to remain steadfast with those who turn to God for guidance and grace. He should abandon those who are oblivious of their Lord. An example is given of the two parties. This is given in a story involving two men, one boasts about his wealth and position, while the other maintains pure faith in God, hoping to receive from Him what is better than all material riches.
ثم يأتي بعد ذلك تشبيه يبيّن حال الحياة الدنيا كلها. فهي تبدو لنا قصيرة زائلة، لا حقيقة لها. إنها كالرماد الذي تذروه الرياح في كل اتجاه. والحقيقة الثابتة أن ﴿الْمَالُ وَالْبَنُونَ زِينَةُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَالْبَاقِيَاتُ الصَّالِحَاتُ خَيْرٌ عِندَ رَبِّكَ ثَوَابًا وَخَيْرٌ أَمَلًا﴾ (الكهف: 46).
This is followed with an analogy showing the whole of life on earth. It appears to us short, fleeting, and having no real substance. It is just like ashes blown by the winds in all directions. The ultimate truth is that “Wealth and children are the adornment of the life of this world: but the things that endure, good deeds, are of far greater merit in your Lord’s sight, and a far better source of hope.” (Verse 46)
الحق من ربك
The Truth From Your Lord
واصْبِرْ نَفْسَكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُم بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَهُ ۖ وَلَا تَعْدُ عَيْنَاكَ عَنْهُمْ تُرِيدُ زِينَةَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَلَا تُطِعْ مَنْ أَغْفَلْنَا قَلْبَهُ عَن ذِكْرِنَا وَاتَّبَعَ هَوَاهُ وَكَانَ أَمْرُهُ فُرُطًا ﴿28﴾ وَقُلِ الْحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّكُمْ ۖ فَمَن شَاءَ فَلْيُؤْمِن وَمَن شَاءَ فَلْيَكْفُرْ ۚ ﴿29﴾
And contain yourself in patience with those who call on their Lord morning and evening, seeking His countenance. Let not your eyes pass beyond them in quest of the beauties of the life of this world. Pay no heed to any whose heart We have left to be negligent of all remembrance of Us because he had always followed his own desires, and whose case has gone beyond all bounds. Say: ‘The truth [has now come] from your Lord. Let him who wills, believe in it, and let him who wills, reject it.’ (Verses 28-29)
قيل في بعض الروايات إن هذه الآيات نزلت حين طالب بعض أشراف قريش النبي ﷺ بأن يطرد فقراء أصحابه إن كان يرجو أن يؤمن به زعماء قبيلة قريش. فيُطرد بذلك أمثال بلال وعمّار وصهيب وخبّاب وعبد الله بن مسعود من مجلسه. أو على الأقل أن يجعل النبي ﷺ ترتيباً خاصاً يلتقي فيه بسادة قريش على انفراد، في مكان لا يُسمح فيه بدخول الفقراء والمحرومين. وقالوا إن الأغنياء سيضيقون بالجلوس معهم في مكان واحد، لأن ثيابهم تفوح منها رائحة العرق.
Some reports suggest that these verses were revealed when some of the noblemen of the Quraysh demanded that the Prophet should expel his poor Companions if he were to hope that the chiefs of the Quraysh tribe would ever come to believe in his message. Thus people like Bilāl, `Ammār, Şuhayb, Khabbāb and `Abdullāh ibn Mas`ūd would have to be expelled from his companionship. Or at least the Prophet should make special arrangements, whereby he could meet the masters of the Quraysh on their own, in a place where none of the poor and the deprived were admitted. The rich, they argued, would be irritated if they had to sit in the same place with them, because their clothing smelled of perspiration.
ورد أيضًا أن النبي ﷺ كان يتمنى تمنيًا شديدًا أن يُسلم هؤلاء كبراء قريش، بل وهمّ أن يجيبهم إلى ما اقترحوه، غير أن الله تعالى أنزل عليه قبل أن يُقدم على أي خطوة في هذا الاتجاه الآية التي تبدأ بأمره: ﴿وَاصْبِرْ نَفْسَكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُم بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَهُ﴾ (الآية ٢٨). وبذلك يُبيّن الله القيم الحقيقية بوضوح وثبات، فتقوم هذه القيم على معيار لا يخيب أبدًا.
It is also reported that the Prophet hoped dearly that these elders of the Quraysh would embrace Islam. He even contemplated making the arrangements they suggested, but before taking any steps in that direction God revealed to him the verse which starts with His command: “Contain yourself in patience with those who call on their Lord morning and evening, seeking His countenance.” (Verse 28) Thus He sets the true values clearly and permanently. These establish a standard that never fails.
لا مُنقِذ متاح
No Rescue Available
ثم تصوّر السورة مشهدًا من الآخرة، تبيّن فيه ما أُعدّ للكافرين من جهة، وما أُعدّ للمؤمنين من جهة أخرى. فأما الكافرون فلهم نارٌ قد هُيّئت لاستقبالهم: ﴿إِنَّا أَعْتَدْنَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ نَارًا﴾ (الآية ٢٩). وكل شيء معدّ ومهيّأ ومُقدَّم، ولا يحتاج إلى أي جهدٍ جديد لاستقبالهم. فلا يحتاج تلك النار أحدٌ ليُوقدها، ولا يستغرق إشعالها ولا اشتعالها الشديد أيّ وقت. والله لا يحتاج إلى شيء ليخلق ما يشاء سوى أن يريده، فيكون. والتعبير هنا باستخدام لفظ «أعتدنا» للدلالة على سرعة الفعل. فكل شيء موضوع في مكانه ليأخذ الظالمين والكافرين مباشرةً إلى النار التي أُعدّت لاستقبالهم من قبل.
The sūrah then portrays a scene of the hereafter, describing what is prepared for the unbelievers on the one hand and for the believers on the other. The unbelievers will have a fire that has been made ready to receive them: “For the wrongdoers We have prepared a fire.” (Verse 29) It is all made, set and brought forward. It does not require any new effort to receive them. No one is needed to kindle that fire, and it does not take any time to light or burn fiercely. God does not need anything to create whatever He wishes other than to actually will it, and it exists. The expression here uses the term, ‘prepare’, to indicate speed of action. Everything is put in place to take the wrongdoers and the unbelievers straight to the fire that is already prepared to receive them.
هِيَ نَارٌ لَهَا سُرَادِقُ تُحِيطُ بِأَهْلِهَا، وَهِيَ تَمُوجُ مُتَلَاطِمَةً لِتَشْمَلَهُمْ. إِنَّهُمْ مَحْبُوسُونَ فِيهَا إِحْكَامًا، لَا أَمَلَ لَهُمْ فِي الْفِرَارِ أَوِ النَّجَاةِ، وَلَا فُرْصَةَ لَهُمْ فِي نَسَمَةِ هَوَاءٍ بَارِدٍ، وَلَا أَمَلَ فِي تَخْفِيفِ الْعَذَابِ. وَإِنِ اسْتَغَاثُوا أَوْ طَلَبُوا أَنْ يُكَفَّ عَنْهُمْ لَهِيبُ النَّارِ، أُغِيثُوا بِمَاءٍ كَالْمُهْلِ، وَهُوَ مَاءٌ قَذِرٌ وُصِفَ بِأَلْفَاظٍ يَرَى بَعْضُ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ أَنَّهَا تَعْنِي «الرَّصَاصَ الْمُذَابَ»، فِي حِينِ يُعَرِّفُهُ آخَرُونَ بِأَنَّهُ «الزَّيْتُ الْمَغْلِيُّ». وَلَوِ اقْتَرَبَ وَجْهُ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُ لَشَوَاهُ شَيًّا. فَمَا الَّذِي سَيَفْعَلُهُ بِالْحُلُوقِ وَالْبُطُونِ، إِذَا حَاوَلَ الظَّالِمُونَ شُرْبَهُ؟ ﴿وَإِن يَسْتَغِيثُوا يُغَاثُوا بِمَاءٍ كَالْمُهْلِ يَشْوِي الْوُجُوهَ ۚ بِئْسَ الشَّرَابُ وَسَاءَتْ مُرْتَفَقًا﴾ [الكهف: 29]. إِنَّهَا حَالٌ مُرِيعَةٌ يَجِدُونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ فِيهَا، وَهُمْ أَحْوَجُ مَا يَكُونُونَ إِلَى الشَّرَابِ، وَلَيْسَ لَدَيْهِمْ إِلَّا مَا وَصَفَهُ الْقُرْآنُ بِصِدْقٍ: ﴿بِئْسَ الشَّرَابُ﴾ [الكهف: 29]. وَعَلَاوَةً عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّ النَّارَ وَسُرَادِقَهَا الْمُتَمَوِّجَ لَيْسَتَا مَكَانًا يُلْتَمَسُ فِيهِ الرَّاحَةُ: ﴿وَسَاءَتْ مُرْتَفَقًا﴾ [الكهف: 29]. وَفِي هَذَا الْوَصْفِ عُنْصُرٌ مِنَ السُّخْرِيَةِ الْمُرَّةِ؛ فَهُمْ لَيْسُوا فِي النَّارِ لِيَسْتَرِيحُوا، بَلْ لِيُحْرَقُوا عِقَابًا عَلَى ظُلْمِهِمْ. وَلَكِنَّ هَذَا الْوَصْفَ يُقَابِلُ أَيْضًا مَصِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، فَالطَّرَفَانِ نَقِيضَانِ مُتَضَادَّانِ.
It is a fire that has huge folds that surge to encompass its inhabitants. They are securely captured there, with no hope of escape or rescue. Nor is there any chance of having a breath of cooling air, or the chance of a reduction in the suffering. Should they cry for help or to be spared the burning fire, help is given to them in the form of filthy water which is described in words which some commentators believe to mean ‘molten lead’, while others define it as ‘boiling oil’. Should anyone’s face get near it, it would certainly scald them. What will it do, then, to throats and stomachs, should the wrongdoers attempt to drink it? “If they beg for water, they will be given water [hot] like molten lead, which will scald their faces.” (Verse 29) It is a terrible situation that they find themselves in when they so urgently need a drink, but they only have what the Qur’ān truthfully describes as: “Dreadful is the drink.” (Verse 29) Moreover, the fire and its billowing folds are not the place where to seek rest: “Evil is the place to seek rest.” (Verse 29) In this description there is an element of bitter irony. They are not in the fire to take rest, but to be burnt in punishment for their wrongdoing. But this description also serves as a contrast with the fate of the believers in heaven. The two ends are opposite extremes.
هوة لا تُعبر
A Gulf Too Wide
هذا المقطع يعقبه قصة رجلين وبستانين، تُعرض مثالًا على ما هو دائم القيمة وما هو زائل لا يتجاوز كونه عابرًا. وهي ترسم نموذجين من البشر: الأول يطلب الفخر في زينة الدنيا، بينما الآخر راضٍ تمام الرضا عن علاقته بالله. ويُرى كلٌّ منهما في الحياة العملية. فالأول، الذي له في المثال القرآني بستانان، يصوّر رجلًا مبهورًا بالثراء. يشعر بالقوة بما أُعطي، فينسى القدرة العليا التي تتحكم في كل شيء في حياة الناس، ويظن أن ماله دائم. وهذا يمنحه شعورًا بأن قوته أبدية.
This passage is followed by a story of two men and two gardens, given as an example of what is permanently valuable and what is no more than transitory. It paints two examples of human beings: the first seeks pride in the luxuries of this world, while the other is fully content with his relationship with God. Each is seen in practical life. The first who, in the Qur’ānic example, has two gardens delineates a man dazzled with riches. He feels himself powerful with what he has been given, so he forgets the Supreme Power who controls everything in people’s lives, and thinks that his wealth is permanent. This gives him a feeling that his power is everlasting.
والآخَرُ مؤمنٌ يستمدُّ مكانتَه ومنزلتَه من الإيمان. وهو دائمُ الذِّكرِ لربِّه، مدركًا أنَّ النِّعَمَ التي يتمتَّعُ بها هي في ذاتها دليلٌ على المُنعِمِ بكلِّ هذه النِّعَم. ولذلك يعلَمُ أنَّه ينبغي له أن يحمدَ ربَّه دائمًا ويُظهِرَ شكرَه له على ما أنعمَ به عليه:
The other is a believer who derives his position and status through faith. He always remembers his Lord, realizing that the blessings he enjoys are in themselves evidence of the One who grants all such blessings. Hence, he knows that he should always praise his Lord and express his gratitude to Him for what he has been granted:
وَاضْرِبْ لَهُمْ مَثَلًا رَجُلَيْنِ جَعَلْنَا لِأَحَدِهِمَا جَنَّتَيْنِ مِنْ أَعْنَابٍ وَحَفَفْنَاهُمَا بِنَخْلٍ وَجَعَلْنَا بَيْنَهُمَا زَرْعًا كِلْتَا الْجَنَّتَيْنِ آتَتْ أُكُلَهَا وَلَمْ تَظْلِمْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا وَفَجَّرْنَا خِلَالَهُمَا نَهَرًا وَكَانَ لَهُ ثَمَرٌ فَقَالَ لِصَاحِبِهِ وَهُوَ يُحَاوِرُهُ أَنَا أَكْثَرُ مِنْكَ مَالًا وَأَعَزُّ نَفَرًا
Set forth to them the case of two men, to one of whom We gave two vineyards and surrounded them with date palms, and placed a field of grain in between. Each of the two gardens yielded its produce and never failed to do so in any way. In the midst of them We caused a stream to flow. And so [the man] had fruit in abundance. (Verses 32-34)
تَمْلَأُ الْبُسْتَانَانِ الثَّمَرَ، وَلَهُمَا كُرُومٌ زَادَ مِنْ رَوْعَتِهَا إِحَاطَةُ النَّخِيلِ بِهَا. وَبَيْنَ الْبُسْتَانَيْنِ حَقْلٌ وَاسِعٌ يَسْتَخْدِمُهُ الرَّجُلُ لِزِرَاعَةِ الحُبُوبِ وَالنَّبَاتَاتِ الْأُخْرَى. وَيُضِيفُ نَهْرٌ يَجْرِي بَيْنَ الْبُسْتَانَيْنِ الْكَثِيرَ مِنَ الْبَهْجَةِ إِلَى الْمَنْظَرِ كُلِّهِ، لِأَنَّ الْمَاءَ الْجَارِيَ يُطَمْئِنُ صَاحِبَهُ إِلَى إِنْتَاجٍ لَا يَنْفَدُ، وَهَذَا بِدَوْرِهِ يَجْلِبُ ثَرْوَةً وَفِيرَةً.
الملذات الزائلة
Transient Pleasures
ثم تعرض السورة مشهدًا آخر يصوّر الحياة الدنيا بجملتها، فندرك أنها شبيهة بتلك الجنات التي أُهلكت. إنها ذات طبيعة زائلة، لا تدوم إلا زمنًا يسيرًا، وتفتقر إلى جوهر ثابت: ﴿وَاضْرِبْ لَهُم مَّثَلَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا كَمَاءٍ أَنزَلْنَاهُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَاخْتَلَطَ بِهِ نَبَاتُ الْأَرْضِ فَأَصْبَحَ هَشِيمًا تَذْرُوهُ الرِّيَاحُ ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مُّقْتَدِرًا﴾ [الكهف: 45].
Now the sūrah draws another scene showing life on earth in its totality, and we realize that it is similar to those destroyed gardens. It is of a fleeting nature, lasting only a very short while and lacking solid substance: “Set forth to them a simile about the life of this world: [it is] like the water which We send down from the skies, and which is absorbed by the plants of the earth. In time they turn into dry stubble which the winds blow freely about. It is God alone who has power over all things.” (Verse 45)
هذا المشهد، بكل حركته، يُصوَّر بسرعة لكي يعمّق فينا شعور الحياة الزائلة، تلك الحياة القصيرة التي تنتهي بالموت. نرى هنا الماء ينهمر من السماء، لكنه لا يجري ولا يشكّل مجاري. فتمتصه النباتات فورًا، لكنها لا تنمو ولا تُخرج ثمارًا ناضجة. كل شيء يتلاشى ليصبح مجرد هشيم يابس تذروه الرياح. وهكذا تنتهي مدة الحياة بأكملها في ثلاث جمل قصيرة. والنص العربي الأصلي يستعمل كل الصيغ التي تدل على الانتقال السريع من مرحلة إلى أخرى: هبوط الماء، ثم امتصاصه بالنبات، ثم تطايره مع الرياح. ما أقصر الحياة، وما أتفهها! وبعد أن عرضت السورة هذا المشهد للحياة الدنيا الزائلة عرضًا بليغًا، تُقيم مقارنةً بين القيم التي يُعلّق الناس عليها أهمية كبيرة في هذه الحياة، وبين تلك التي تحتل المرتبة العليا في كل زمان. وكل ذلك يُقال من منظور الإيمان الإلهي: ﴿الْمَالُ وَالْبَنُونَ زِينَةُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَالْبَاقِيَاتُ الصَّالِحَاتُ خَيْرٌ عِندَ رَبِّكَ ثَوَابًا وَخَيْرٌ أَمَلًا﴾ (الآية 46)
This scene, with all its movement, is depicted rapidly so as to enhance within us the feelings of a transitory life, one which is short and ends in death. Here we see water pouring down from the skies, but it does not run or form watercourses. It is immediately absorbed by plants, but these plants do not grow, nor do they yield ripe fruit. It is all destroyed, becoming nothing more than dry stubble, blown away by the winds. The whole duration of life is thus ended within three short sentences. The original Arabic text uses all forms that indicate rapid transition from one stage to the next: the fall of water, then its absorption by plants, and then its blowing away by the wind. How short is life, and how worthless! Having shown this scene of the present, transitory life to full effect, the sūrah makes a contrast between the values to which people attach great importance in this life and those which have the upper position at all times. All this is stated from the point of view of the divine faith: “Wealth and children are the adornment of the life of this world: but the things that endure, good deeds, are of far greater merit in your Lord’s sight, and a far better source of hope.” (Verse 46)