سبأ (التحذير الأخير) 43-54
Saba Sheba (Final Warning) 43-54
وَإِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُنَا بَيِّنَاتٍ قَالُوا مَا هَٰذَا إِلَّا رَجُلٌ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَصُدَّكُمْ عَمَّا كَانَ يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُكُمْ ۚ وَقَالُوا مَا هَٰذَا إِلَّا إِفْكٌ مُفْتَرًى ۚ وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِلْحَقِّ لَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ إِنْ هَٰذَا إِلَّا سِحْرٌ مُبِينٌ ﴿٤٣﴾
When Our revelations are recited to them in all their clarity, they say: ‘This is but a man who wants to turn you away from what your forefathers worshipped.’ They also say: ‘This is nothing but an invented falsehood.’ Furthermore, when the truth comes to them, the unbelievers will say: ‘This is just plain sorcery.’ (43)
وَمَا آتَيْنَاهُمْ مِنْ كُتُبٍ يَدْرُسُونَهَا، وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا إِلَيْهِمْ قَبْلَكَ مِنْ نَذِيرٍ ﷺ
Yet never have We given them any books to study, nor have We sent them any warner before you. (44)
كَذَّبَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ۖ وَمَا بَلَغُوا مِعْشَارَ مَا آتَيْنَاهُمْ فَكَذَّبُوا رُسُلِي فَكَيْفَ كَانَ نَكِيرِ
Those who have gone before them likewise denied the truth. These people have not attained even one tenth of what We gave their predecessors, yet when they denied My messengers, how terrible was My condemnation. (45)
قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَعِظُكُم بِوَاحِدَةٍ ۖ أَن تَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ مَثْنَىٰ وَفُرَادَىٰ ثُمَّ تَتَفَكَّرُوا ۚ مَا بِصَاحِبِكُم مِّن جِنَّةٍ ۚ إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ لَّكُم بَيْنَ يَدَيْ عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ [سبأ: ٤٦]
Say: ‘I counsel you one thing: stand before God, in pairs or singly, and think: there is no madness in your Companion [Muĥammad]. He is only a warner to you of awesome suffering to come.’ (46)
قُلْ مَا سَأَلْتُكُم مِّنْ أَجْرٍ فَهُوَ لَكُمْ ۖ إِنْ أَجْرِيَ إِلَّا عَلَى اللَّهِ ۖ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (٤٧)
Say: ‘If I have ever asked you for any reward, you can keep it. My reward rests with none other than God. He is witness to everything.’ (47)
قُلْ إِنَّ رَبِّي يَقْذِفُ بِالْحَقِّ ۚ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ
Say: ‘My Lord hurls forth the truth. He has full knowledge of all that is beyond the reach of people’s perception.’ (48)
قُلْ جَآءَ ٱلْحَقُّ وَمَا يُبْدِئُ ٱلْبَـٰطِلُ وَمَا يُعِيدُ
Say: ‘The truth has now come. Falsehood neither creates anything new, nor restores anything.’ (49)
قُلْ إِنْ ضَلَلْتُ فَإِنَّمَا أَضِلُّ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِي ۖ وَإِنِ اهْتَدَيْتُ فَبِمَا يُوحِي إِلَيَّ رَبِّي ۚ إِنَّهُ سَمِيعٌ قَرِيبٌ ٥٠
Say: ‘Were I to go astray, I would but go astray to the loss of myself. But if I am on the right path, it is through what my Lord reveals to me. He is All-Hearing, ever-near.’ (50)
ولَوْ تَرَىٰ إِذْ فَزِعُوا فَلَا فَوْتَ وَأُخِذُوا مِنْ مَكَانٍ قَرِيبٍ
if you could but see when they are seized by terror, with nowhere to escape; for they will have been seized from a place nearby. (51)
{وَقَالُوا آمَنَّا بِهِ ۖ وَأَنَّىٰ لَهُمُ التَّنَاوُشُ مِن مَّكَانٍ بَعِيدٍ}
They will say: ‘We do believe in it,’ but how could they attain it from so far away, (52)
فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ قَالُوا هَٰذَا عَارِضٌ مُّمْطِرُنَا ۚ بَلْ هُوَ مَا اسْتَعْجَلْتُم بِهِ ۖ رِيحٌ فِيهَا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
seeing that they had at first denied it all. They used to cast scorn from far away on what is imperceptible. (53)
وَحِيلَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ مَا يَشْتَهُونَ، كَمَا فُعِلَ بِأَشْيَاعِهِمْ مِنْ قَبْلُ، إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا فِي شَكٍّ مُرِيبٍ
A barrier will be set between them and all that they desire, just as was done with their kind before. They were lost in perplexing doubt. (54)
نظرة عامة
Overview
هذا المقطع الأخير من السورة يتحدث عن المشركين وما قالوه في النبي ﷺ وفي القرآن الذي أُنزل عليه، ويذكّرهم بما حلّ بغيرهم ممن كذّبوا بآيات الله، وكيف أخذهم عذابه مع أنهم كانوا أشد قوة، وأكثر أموالًا، وأعظم علمًا من كفار العرب.
This last passage in the sūrah speaks about the idolaters and what they said against the Prophet and the Qur’ān that was revealed to him. It reminds them of what happened to others like them who denied God’s revelations and how His punishment overwhelmed them even though they were stronger, wealthier and more knowledgeable than the Arab unbelievers.
يَأْتِي بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ عِدَّةُ تَنْبِيهَاتٍ شَدِيدَةٍ، كُلُّ تَنْبِيهٍ مِنْهَا يَدُقُّ كَالْمِطْرَقَةِ. أَوَّلُهَا يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى أَنْ يَقِفُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَتَخَلَّصُوا مِنْ كُلِّ الْمُؤَثِّرَاتِ الَّتِي تَحُولُ دُونَ أَنْ يَحْكُمُوا عَلَى الدَّعْوَةِ الْمُوَجَّهَةِ إِلَيْهِمْ حُكْمًا مَوْضُوعِيًّا. وَالتَّنْبِيهُ الثَّانِي يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى التَّأَمُّلِ فِي الدَّوَافِعِ الْحَقِيقِيَّةِ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ يُكَرِّرُ دَعْوَتَهُمْ إِلَى قَبُولِ رِسَالَةِ اللهِ وَالْإِيمَانِ بِهِ، وَهُوَ لَا يَجْنِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا. فَإِذَا كَانَ لَا يَسْأَلُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا، فَلِمَاذَا يَشُكُّونَ فِي إِخْلَاصِهِ وَيُعْرِضُونَ عَنْه؟ ثُمَّ تَتَوَالَى التَّنْبِيهَاتُ، كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا يُزَلْزِلُ الْقُلُوبَ بِعُنْفٍ.
This is followed by several hard notes, each resounding like a hammer. The first one calls on them to stand before God after shedding all influences that prevent them from objectively assessing the call that is addressed to them. The second note invites them to reflect on the real motives of God’s Messenger when he repeatedly calls on them to accept God’s message and believe in Him, when he has nothing to gain from this. Since he does not ask them for any wages in return, why should they doubt his sincerity and turn away? Further notes follow, each violently shaking people’s hearts.
تَخْتِمُ السُّورَةُ بِمَشْهَدٍ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ مَلِيءٍ بِالْحَرَكَةِ الْعَنِيفَةِ، وَهُوَ يَتَنَاسَبُ تَمَامَ التَّنَاسُبِ مَعَ النَّبَرَاتِ القَوِيَّةِ الَّتِي سَبَقَتْهُ.
The sūrah concludes with a scene from the Day of Judgement that is full of violent movement and which fits perfectly with the preceding strong tones.
رجل مثلك
A Man Like You
وَإِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُنَا بَيِّنَاتٍ قَالُوا مَا هَٰذَا إِلَّا رَجُلٌ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَصُدَّكُمْ عَمَّا كَانَ يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُكُمْ ۚ وَقَالُوا مَا هَٰذَا إِلَّا إِفْكٌ مُفْتَرًى ۚ وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِلْحَقِّ لَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ إِنْ هَٰذَا إِلَّا سِحْرٌ مُبِينٌ وَمَا آتَيْنَاهُمْ مِنْ كُتُبٍ يَدْرُسُونَهَا ۖ وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا إِلَيْهِمْ قَبْلَكَ مِنْ نَذِيرٍ ﷺ وَكَذَّبَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَمَا بَلَغُوا مِعْشَارَ مَا آتَيْنَاهُمْ فَكَذَّبُوا رُسُلِي ۖ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ نَكِيرِ
When Our revelations are recited to them in all their clarity, they say: ‘This is but a man who wants to turn you away from what your forefathers worshipped.’ They also say: ‘This is nothing but an invented falsehood.’ Furthermore, when the truth comes to them, the unbelievers will say: ‘This is just plain sorcery’ Yet never have We given them any books to study, nor have We sent them any warner before you. Those who have gone before them likewise denied the truth. These people have not attained even one tenth of what We gave their predecessors, yet when they denied My messengers, how terrible was My condemnation. (Verses 43-45)
لقوا الحق الواضح الذي تلاه عليهم النبي ﷺ بتراثٍ مختلطٍ من التقاليد الماضية، لا أساس واضح له ولا قاعدة متينة. أدركوا أن الحق البسيط الواضح المتسق، وهو القرآن، يمثل تهديدًا خطيرًا لخليطهم المضطرب من المعتقدات والتقاليد الموروثة. ولهذا قالوا: ﴿إِنْ هَٰذَا إِلَّا رَجُلٌ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَصُدَّكُمْ عَمَّا كَانَ يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُكُمْ﴾ (الآية 43). غير أنهم أدركوا أن هذا لا يكفي، فمخالفته لمعتقدات آبائهم لم تكن كافية لإقناع الجميع. ولهذا شككوا أيضًا في صدق الرسول الذي بلّغ رسالة الله، فقالوا: ﴿وَقَالُوا مَا هَٰذَا إِلَّا إِفْكٌ مُفْتَرًى﴾ (الآية 43). ولا حاجة للقول بأن ما هو «باطل» لا بد أن يكون مختلَقًا، لكنهم أرادوا أن يعطوا ذلك تأكيدًا أقوى بقولهم: ﴿مَا هَٰذَا إِلَّا إِفْكٌ مُفْتَرًى﴾ (الآية 43). بعبارة أخرى، سعوا إلى تقويض القرآن وإثارة الشكوك حول مصدره الإلهي.
They met the clear truth the Prophet recited to them with a confused legacy of past traditions that had neither a clear basis nor solid foundation. They realized that the simple, clear and consistent truth that was the Qur’ān represented a serious threat to their confused medley of inherited beliefs and traditions. Hence they claimed: “This is but a man who wants to turn you away from what your forefathers worshipped.” (Verse 43) They realized, however, that this was not enough. That it contradicted their forefathers’ beliefs was not enough to convince everyone. Hence, they also questioned the honesty of the Messenger who delivered God’s message: “They also say: This is nothing but an invented falsehood.” (Verse 43) Needless to say, what is ‘false’ must be fabricated, but they wanted to give it stronger emphasis by saying “This is nothing but an invented falsehood.” (Verse 43) In other words, they sought to undermine it, raising doubts about its divine source.
البحث عن الحق
A Search For The Truth
عند هذه المرحلة يُؤمر النبي ﷺ أن يدعوهم بكل إخلاص إلى البحث عن الحق، والتمييز بين الباطل والحق، وتقييم الوضع الذي هم فيه، بعيدًا عن التحريف والاختلاق:
At this point the Prophet is instructed to call on them in all sincerity to search for the truth, to distinguish between what is false and what is true, and to assess the situation they are in, free of distortion and fabrication:
قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَعِظُكُم بِوَاحِدَةٍ ۚ أَن تَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ مَثْنَىٰ وَفُرَادَىٰ ثُمَّ تَتَفَكَّرُوا ۚ مَا بِصَاحِبِكُم مِّن جِنَّةٍ ۚ إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ لَّكُم بَيْنَ يَدَيْ عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ
Say: I counsel you one thing: stand before God, in pairs or singly, and think: there is no madness in your Companion [Muĥammad]. He is only a warner to you of awesome suffering to come. (Verse 46)
هذه دعوةٌ إلى الوقوف أمام الله بإخلاصٍ تام، مُجرّدين عقولَنا من كل الأهواء الشخصية والمصالح والدوافع والرغبات والمؤثرات البيئية والاجتماعية. وهي دعوةٌ إلى النظر في الحقائق كما هي، بسيطةً واضحة. وتسعى هذه الدعوة إلى أن تضع أمام الأعين الحجةَ الواضحة للفطرة الإنسانية، بعيدًا عن كل ما يُغبِّش الواضح البيِّن أو يحجبه. وهي في الوقت نفسه وسيلةٌ يسيرة للبحث عن الحق، تطرح جانبًا كل المؤثرات الخارجية، ولا يكون الإنسان فيها إلا مُتذكّرًا لله وحده.
This is an invitation to stand before God, in all sincerity, removing from one’s mind all personal prejudices, interests, motivations, desires, environmental and social influences. It is an invitation to look at the facts, plain and simple. This invitation seeks to put before their eyes the plain argument of human nature, away from everything that blurs or obscures what is clear and simple. At the same time, it is a simple means to search for truth, discarding all outside influences and being mindful only of God.
إنَّ هناك "شيئًا واحدًا" فقط يضمن أن الطريق هو الطريق الصحيح، وأن المنهج سليم. وهذا الشيء هو أن يقف المرء أمام الله بكل إخلاص، لا يسعى إلى إشباع هوى، ولا إلى تحقيق مصلحة شخصية أو منفعة، وأن يتحرر من كل المؤثرات والضغوط، ثم يفكر ويتأمل بإخلاص تام. فما هذا "الشيء الواحد"؟
There is only ‘one thing’, that ensures that the way is the right one and the method sound. This is to stand before God in all sincerity, looking to satisfy no prejudice, or ensure any personal gain or interest; and to be free of all influences and pressures; and then to think and reflect in complete sincerity. What, then, is this one thing?
"قُومُوا لِلّٰهِ مَثْنَىٰ وَفُرَادَىٰ" — ﴿قُومُوا لِلّٰهِ مَثْنَىٰ وَفُرَادَىٰ﴾ — "فِي الْقِيَامِ لِلّٰهِ، مَثْنَىٰ أَوْ فُرَادَىٰ:" أَمَّا «مَثْنَىٰ» فَلِيَتَمَكَّنَ الْمَرْءُ مِنْ أَنْ يُحَاوِرَ غَيْرَهُ بِصَرَاحَةٍ وَيُجَادِلَهُ دُونَ أَنْ يَتَأَثَّرَ بِالْجَمَاهِيرِ وَرَدَّاتِ أَفْعَالِهَا التِّلْقَائِيَّةِ، وَأَمَّا «فُرَادَىٰ» فَلِيَسْتَطِيعَ أَنْ يُوَاجِهَ الْحَقَائِقَ بِهُدُوءٍ وَتَأَمُّلٍ.
المشهد الأخير
The Final Scene
تختتم السورة بمشهدٍ سريعٍ قويٍّ من يوم القيامة، يتردّد فيه الحركةُ القويّةُ ذهابًا وإيابًا بين هذه الحياة والحياة الآخرة، كأنّهما في ميدانٍ واحد:
The sūrah concludes with a fast and powerful scene from the Day of Judgement, full of strong movement that goes to and fro between this life and the life to come, as if both are within the same domain:
وَلَوْ تَرَىٰ إِذْ فَزِعُوا فَلَا فَوْتَ وَأُخِذُوا مِن مَّكَانٍ قَرِيبٍ وَقَالُوا آمَنَّا بِهِ ۖ وَأَنَّىٰ لَهُمُ التَّنَاوُشُ مِن مَّكَانٍ بَعِيدٍ وَقَدْ كَفَرُوا بِهِ مِن قَبْلُ ۖ وَيَقْذِفُونَ بِالْغَيْبِ مِن مَّكَانٍ بَعِيدٍ وَحِيلَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ مَا يَشْتَهُونَ كَمَا فُعِلَ بِأَشْيَاعِهِم مِّن قَبْلُ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا فِي شَكٍّ مُّرِيبٍ
If you could but see when they are seized by terror, with nowhere to escape; for they will have been seized from a place nearby. They will say: ‘We do believe in it,’ but how could they attain it from so far away, seeing that they had at first denied it all. They used to cast scorn from far away on what is imperceptible. A barrier will be set between them and all that they desire, just as was done with their kind before. They were lost in perplexing doubt. (Verses 51-54)
«ولَوْ تَرَىٰ إِذْ فَزِعُوا» المشهد هنا للنظر إليه. «فَلَا فَوْتَ» بسبب الوضع الرهيب الذي يجدون أنفسهم فيه. يبدو أنهم قد يحاولون إيجاد مخرج، لكن «لَا فَوْتَ» أي لا مفرّ لهم. ليس لديهم مكان يلجؤون إليه: «وَأُخِذُوا مِن مَّكَانٍ قَرِيبٍ». لم يكونوا ليبتعدوا كثيراً بمحاولتهم البائسة.
“If you could but see.” The scene is there to look at. “When they are seized by terror” because of the terrible situation they find themselves in. It appears they may try to find a way out, but there is “nowhere to escape.” They have nowhere to turn: “they will have been seized from a place nearby.” They could not go far with their miserable attempt.
﴿وَقَالُوا آمَنَّا بِهِ ۖ وَأَنَّىٰ لَهُمُ التَّنَاوُشُ مِن مَّكَانٍ بَعِيدٍ﴾ Wait — the instructions say the translation should be faithful to the English text, and the English here is a commentary (with Qur'an quoted inside it). Translating it faithfully: يقولون: إنّا نؤمن به، ولكنّه الآن قد فات الأوان. فـ«كيف لهم أن ينالوه من مكان بعيد؟» كيف يستطيعون استرجاعه في موقعهم الجديد، والمكان الذي يُؤمَن فيه صار الآن بعيدًا جدًا؟ لقد كان متاحًا لهم في حياتهم في هذه الدنيا، لكنهم أضاعوا الفرصة وتركوها دون أن يلتفتوا إليها.
“They will say: We do believe in it,” but it is now too late. For, “how could they attain it from so far away?” How can they regain it in their new position when the place to believe is now so far away? It was available to them in their life in this world, but they let the chance go unheeded.