في مثل هذه الأجواء من الطاعة الواعية، يُخاطَب الإنسان من علوّ: «يَا أَيُّهَا الْإِنسَانُ إِنَّكَ كَادِحٌ إِلَى رَبِّكَ كَدْحًا فَمُلَاقِيهِ» (الآية ٦). «يَا أَيُّهَا الْإِنسَانُ!» لقد خلقك ربُّك في أحسن تقويم. وقد منحك إنسانيّتك التي تميّزك عن سائر الخلق. وتُكسبك إنسانيّتك خصائصَ كان ينبغي أن تجعلك أشدّ وعيًا بربّك، وأكثر طاعةً له وخضوعًا لأمره من السماء والأرض جميعًا. لقد أودع اللهُ الإنسانَ من روحه، وأهّله للتواصل معه، وتلقّي نوره، والتزيّن بفضله، ليبلغ أعلى درجات الكمال التي يمكن للإنسان أن يبلغها. وليس هذا بالتميّز اليسير.
In such an atmosphere of conscious obedience, man is addressed from on high: “O man! You have been toiling towards your Lord, and you shall meet Him.” (Verse 6) “O man!” your Lord has made you in a perfect way. He has given you your humanity which distinguishes you from the rest of creation. Your humanity endows you with certain characteristics which should have made you more conscious of your Lord, and more obedient and submissive to Him than both the sky and the earth. He has given man of His own spirit and endowed him with the ability to communicate with Him, receive His light, ennoble himself with God’s grace in order to achieve the highest degree of perfection attainable by man. This is no little distinction.
يَا أَيُّهَا الْإِنْسَانُ إِنَّكَ كَادِحٌ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ كَدْحًا فَمُلَاقِيهِ
Note: The quoted verse is Surah Al-Inshiqaq 84:6, and I've rendered it in the standard Qur'anic text rather than as a free translation. Please wrap it in { } as the source text requires if you need it marked as a Qur'an verse.
“O man! You have been toiling towards your Lord and you shall meet Him.” (Verse 6)
إنّ الإنسان يكدح كثيرًا في هذه الحياة، يحمل مسؤولياته ويبذل جهده، وهو يفعل ذلك كله ليرجع في النهاية، كما يرجع سائر الخلق، إلى الله. ويكدح الإنسان حتى من أجل ما يتمتع به! فلا شيء في هذه الحياة يأتي بسهولة أو دون عناء: فإن لم يكن ثمة جهد بدني في بعض الأحيان، فلا بد أن هناك جهدًا ذهنيًا وعاطفيًا. وفي ذلك يتساوى الغني والفقير، وإن اختلف الجهد المبذول في نوعه وصورته. وهذا الخطاب يُذكّر الإنسان بأن الكدح هو نصيب الجميع في هذه الحياة الدنيا. ولكن عند لقاء ربنا سننقسم إلى فريقين: فريق سيعاني من مشقة لا تُقارن بما عاناه في الدنيا، وفريق آخر، وهم الذين أظهروا طاعتهم وخضوعهم الحق، سينعمون براحة تُنسيهم معاناة هذه الحياة.
Man certainly labours hard in this life, shouldering his responsibilities and exerting himself. All this he does in order to return, in the end, like all the rest of creation, to God. Man labours even for what he enjoys! Nothing in this life comes easily or without effort: if sometimes no physical labour is needed, then surely some mental and emotional effort is required. In this the rich and poor are alike, although the labour exerted may differ in kind and form. This address reminds man that labouring hard is the lot of all in this life on earth. But when we meet our Lord, we will fall into two groups: one will suffer hardship incomparable to that suffered on earth; and the other, consisting of those who have demonstrated their obedience and true submission, will enjoy a rest in which the suffering of this life will be forgotten.
﴿فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ فَسَوْفَ يُحَاسَبُ حِسَابًا يَسِيرًا * وَيَنْقَلِبُ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا﴾ (الآيتان 7-9)
﴿مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ﴾ هو السعيد الذي كان صادقًا في إيمانه. يرضى الله عنه ويجزيه خيرًا. ﴿فَسَوْفَ يُحَاسَبُ حِسَابًا يَسِيرًا﴾، أي أنه لن يُطالَب بالحساب على ما عمله في هذه الحياة. وهذا واضح جليّ في أحاديث النبي ﷺ. فقد روت عائشة زوجة النبي ﷺ أنه قال: «مَن نُوقِشَ الحسابَ عُذِّب». وتابعت روايتها قائلة: إن الله تعالى يقول: ﴿فَسَوْفَ يُحَاسَبُ حِسَابًا يَسِيرًا﴾، فقال رسول الله ﷺ: «ذاك العرض، وليس أحدٌ يُحاسَب يوم القيامة إلا هلك، ... ». ﷺ [رواه البخاري ومسلم والترمذي والنسائي.]
وروت عائشة أيضًا: سمعت رسول الله ﷺ يقول في صلاته: «اللهم حاسبني حسابًا يسيرًا». فلما انصرف سألته: ما الحساب اليسير؟ قال: «أن ينظر في كتابه فيتجاوز عنه، إنه من نوقش الحساب يا عائشة يومئذ هلك». ﷺ [رواه أحمد.]
فهذا هو الحساب اليسير الذي يناله من يُؤتى كتابه بيمينه. وسيفوز ﴿وَيَنْقَلِبُ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا﴾، وأهله الذين فازوا أيضًا ووصلوا إلى الجنة قبله. ونستنتج من هذا القول أن الذين يقبلون الإيمان في هذه الحياة ويلتزمون الطريق المستقيم سيجتمعون في الجنة، فكلُّ إنسان يكون مع من يحب. ونرى أيضًا صورة الاختبار الأهم للفائز: إذ يعود وقد فاض وجهه بالسرور.
“He who is given his record in his right hand will in time have a lenient reckoning, and return rejoicing to his people.” (Verses 7-9) He who is given his book in his right hand is the happy one who was true to his faith. God is pleased with him and rewards him well. He will have a lenient reckoning, that is to say that he will not be called to account for what he did in this life. This is abundantly clear in the traditions of the Prophet. `Ā’ishah, the Prophet’s wife, quotes him as saying: “He who is called to account will suffer affliction.” Continuing her report, she pointed out that God says, ‘He... shall have a lenient reckoning.’ God’s Messenger answered: ‘That is not what is meant by reckoning and accountability. Lenient reckoning signifies no more than showing him his record. He who is called to account on the Day of Judgement will suffer affliction.’“ [Related by al-Bukhārī, Muslim, al-Tirmidhī and al-Nasā’ī.] `Ā’ishah also related: “I heard God’s Messenger (peace be upon him) saying in his prayers ‘My Lord, make my reckoning a lenient one’. When he had finished his prayers I asked him, ‘What is the lenient reckoning?’ He answered: ‘He who receives lenient reckoning will have his record looked into and will be forgiven, but he who is called to account on that day will perish.” [Related by Aĥmad.] This is, then, the lenient reckoning accorded to him who receives his record in his right hand. He shall win “and return rejoicing to his people,” who will also have won and arrived in heaven ahead of him. We deduce from this statement that those who accept the faith in this life and adhere to the right path will gather together in heaven. Everyone ends up with those whom he loves. We also have an image of the winner’s all-important test: he returns with his face overflowing with happiness.
هذه الصورة على النقيض مما يحدث للمعذَّب الذي يُحاسَب على أعماله السيئة فيتسلّم صحيفته على كره. ﴿وَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِهِ * فَسَوْفَ يَدْعُو ثُبُورًا * وَيَصْلَىٰ سَعِيرًا﴾ (الآيات 10-12)
This image is the opposite of what happens to the afflicted one who has to account for his evil deeds and receives his record with reluctance. “But he who is given his record behind his back will in time call down destruction upon himself and will enter the fire of hell.” (Verses 10-12)
يُفرِّق القرآنُ الكريمُ عادةً بين تسلُّم المرء كتابَه بيمينه أو بشماله. وهنا صورةٌ جديدة: يُعطى الكتابُ من وراء ظهره. ولا مانعَ من أن يُعطى الإنسانُ كتابَه بشماله ومن وراء ظهره في الوقت نفسه. وهي صورةٌ لمن يشعر بخجلٍ شديد، ويكره أن يُواجَه بما اقترفه. ولسنا نعلم حقيقةً كُنْهَ هذا الكتاب، ولا كيفيةَ إعطائه باليمين أو الشمال أو من وراء الظهر. لكننا ندرك من التعبير الأول حقيقةَ الفوز، ومن الثاني حقيقةَ الهلاك. وهذا بالفعل ما ينبغي أن نتدبّره. وإنما تُستعمل هذه الصور المختلفة في التعبير أساسًا لترسيخ المعنى في أذهاننا وتعظيم أثره. فالعلمُ الدقيقُ بما سيقع وكيفَ سيقع لا يملكه إلا الله.
The Qur’ān usually makes a distinction between receiving one’s record with one’s right or left hand. Here we have a new image: the record is given from behind one’s back. There is no reason to prevent anyone being given his record in his left hand and from behind his back at the same time. It is an image of one who feels great shame and hates to be confronted with what he has done. We have no real knowledge of the nature of this record or how it is given in one’s right or left hand or behind one’s back. But we can comprehend from the first expression the reality of being a winner, and from the second the reality of doom. This is indeed what we are meant to appreciate. These various forms of expression are used mainly to drive the point home to us and to enhance its effects. For exact knowledge of what will happen and how it will happen belongs only to God.
فَيَعْلَمُ هٰذَا الشَّقِيُّ الَّذِي عَاشَ حَيَاتَهُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ يَكْدَحُ بِجِدٍّ، لٰكِنَّهُ يَعْصِي اللهَ وَيَنْغَمِسُ فِيمَا هُوَ مُحَرَّمٌ، أَنَّ مَصِيرَهُ مَعْلُومٌ. وَيُدْرِكُ أَنَّ مَا يَنْتَظِرُهُ أَمَامَهُ هُوَ مَزِيدٌ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ وَالْكَدْحِ الشَّاقِّ، وَالْفَارِقُ الْوَحِيدُ أَنَّ الْعَذَابَ هٰذِهِ الْمَرَّةَ أَشَدُّ، وَمُتَّصِلٌ لَا يَنْقَطِعُ، وَلَا نِهَايَةَ لَهُ. فَيَدْعُو عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بِالْهَلَاكِ، إِذْ يَرَى أَنَّ هَلَاكَ نَفْسِهِ هُوَ الْوَسِيلَةُ الْوَحِيدَةُ لِلنَّجَاةِ مِمَّا سَيَحِلُّ بِهِ. وَإِذَا لَجَأَ الْإِنْسَانُ إِلَى هَلَاكِ نَفْسِهِ، فَهُوَ حَتْمًا فِي مَوْقِفٍ لَا حِيلَةَ لَهُ فِيهِ. وَيُصْبِحُ عَدَمُهُ هُوَ أَقْوَى أُمْنِيَاتِهِ. وَيَأْسُهُ يَفُوقُ الْوَصْفَ. وَهٰذَا هُوَ الْمَعْنَى الَّذِي يُفِيدُهُ الشَّاعِرُ الْعَرَبِيُّ الْمُتَنَبِّي فِي قَصِيدَتِهِ الَّتِي تَبْدَأُ بِمَا يُمْكِنُ تَرْجَمَتُهُ إِلَى الْإِنْجَلِيزِيَّةِ: "كَفَى بِكَ دَاءً أَنْ تَرَى الْمَوْتَ شَافِيًا"، "وَحُبُّ الْمَنَايَا نَاقِصُ كُلِّ مَوْتِ". وَلَا شَكَّ أَنَّهَا حَالَةٌ مِنَ الْكَرْبِ وَالشَّقَاءِ الَّذِي لَا يُوصَفُ. ﴿وَيَصْلَى النَّارَ الْكُبْرَى﴾ (الآية ١٢). وَهٰذِهِ هِيَ النِّهَايَةُ الَّتِي يَتَمَنَّى الْهَرَبَ مِنْهَا بِإِهْلَاكِ نَفْسِهِ؛ وَلٰكِنْ لَا مَخْرَجَ لَهُ.
So, the unfortunate one who lived his life on earth labouring hard but disobeying God and indulging in what is forbidden will know his destiny. He realizes that what lies in front of him is more suffering and hard labour with the only difference being that this time the suffering is greater, uninterrupted and endless. So, he calls destruction upon himself, for he sees his own destruction as the only means of salvation from what will befall him. When man seeks refuge in his own destruction, then he is certainly in a helpless position. His own non-existence becomes his strongest desire. His hopelessness is beyond description. This is the meaning implied by the Arab poet al-Mutanabbī in his poem which starts with what may be rendered in English as: “Suffice it a malady that you should think death a cure. It says much that doom should be eagerly desired.” It is certainly a case of indescribable distress and misery. “And [he] will enter the fire of hell.” (Verse 12) This is the end from which he wishes to escape by means of his own destruction; but there is no way out.
بعد أن صوّرت السورة هذا المشهد البائس، تكشف لنا لمحة من ماضي هذا المعذَّب الذي أفضى به إلى هذا الشقاء الذي لا ينتهي: «إنه كان في أهله مسرورًا»
Having portrayed this miserable scene, the sūrah gives us a glimpse of the sufferer’s past which led him to this endless misery: “He lived joyfully among his people.
إِنَّهُ ظَنَّ أَن لَّن يَحُورَ (١٣-١٤)
يُستخدم الفعل هنا بصيغة الماضي لأننا نشعر أن يوم القيامة قد جاء، بعد أن انتهت هذه الحياة. وقد وقع التنعّم والفرح في هذه الحياة. ﴿إِنَّهُ كَانَ فِي أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا﴾ أي كان يعيش مبتهجًا بين أهله. لم يكن يهتم بشيء وراء اللحظة التي هو فيها، ولم يُعدّ شيئًا للآخرة. ﴿إِنَّهُ ظَنَّ أَن لَّن يَحُورَ﴾ أي أن يرجع إلى ربه. فلو كان قد فكّر في العودة عند نهاية رحلته في الحياة، لحمل معه الزاد الذي يكفيه. ﴿بَلَىٰ ۚ إِنَّ رَبَّهُ كَانَ بِهِ بَصِيرًا﴾ (١٥)
إن الله تعالى كان دائمًا عليمًا بأفكار الإنسان وأفعاله ومشاعره. والله يعلم أن الإنسان، خلافًا لما قد يظنه، سيرجع إليه ليتلقى الجزاء الذي استحقه بأعماله في الدنيا. وهذا ما يحدث حقًا حين يرجع الجميع إلى الله ليلاقوا مصيرهم المقدّر، فيقع ما قضاه الله.
He surely thought he would never return.” (Verses 13-14) The past tense is used here because we feel that the Day of Judgement has arrived, after this life has ended. The indulgence and the joy had taken place in this life. “He lived joyfully among his people.” He cared for nothing beyond the moment he was in, and made no preparation for the hereafter. “He surely thought he would never return,” to his Lord. Had he thought about the return at the end of his journey through life, he would have carried provisions to sustain him. “Yes, indeed; his Lord was watching over him.” (Verse 15) Indeed God has always been aware of man’s thoughts, actions and feelings. God knows that, contrary to what man may think, there will be a return to Him to receive the reward merited by actions on earth. This is indeed what happens when all return to God to meet their appointed destiny, when what God has ordained will take place.
«وَكَانَ فِي أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا، إِنَّهُ ظَنَّ أَن لَّن يَحُورَ، بَلَىٰ إِنَّ رَبَّهُ كَانَ بِهِ بَصِيرًا» (الآيات 13-15). وفي مقابل صورة بؤس من كان مسرورًا بين أهله في حياته القصيرة على الأرض، توجد صورة السعيد الذي يعود فرحًا إلى أهله ليعيش معهم حياة سعيدة أبدية خالية من المشقة: «فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ، فَسَوْفَ يُحَاسَبُ حِسَابًا يَسِيرًا، وَيَنقَلِبُ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا» (الآيات 7-9).
“He lived joyfully among his people. He surely thought he would never return. Yes, indeed; his Lord was watching over him.” (Verses 13-15) This image of the misery of the one who was joyful among his people during his short life on earth has a counterpart in the image of the happy one who returns rejoicing to his people to live with them an eternal happy life, free from hardship: “He who is given his record in his right hand will in time have a lenient reckoning and return rejoicing to his people.” (Verses 7-9)