سبأ ( علمٌ لا نهاية له ودقيق ) ١-٩
Saba Sheba ( Infinite And Accurate Knowledge ) 1-9
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the Name of God, the Lord of Grace, the Ever Merciful.
الحمدُ للهِ الذي له ما في السماواتِ وما في الأرضِ، وله الحمدُ في الآخرةِ، وهو الحكيمُ الخبيرُ. (1)
All praise is due to God, to whom belongs all that is in the heavens and the earth; and to Him will be due all praise in the life to come. He is truly Wise, All-Aware. (1)
يَعْلَمُ مَا يَلِجُ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا وَمَا يَنزِلُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ وَمَا يَعْرُجُ فِيهَا ۚ وَهُوَ الرَّحِيمُ الْغَفُورُ (٢)
He knows all that goes into the earth and all that comes out of it; all that descends from the skies and all that ascends to them. He is the Merciful, the truly Forgiving. (2)
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا: ﴿لَا تَأْتِينَا السَّاعَةُ﴾. قُلْ: ﴿بَلَىٰ وَرَبِّي لَتَأْتِيَنَّكُمْ عَالِمِ الْغَيْبِ لَا يَعْزُبُ عَنْهُ مِثْقَالُ ذَرَّةٍ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَلَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا أَصْغَرُ مِنْ ذَٰلِكَ وَلَا أَكْبَرُ إِلَّا فِي كِتَابٍ مُبِينٍ﴾ [سورة سبأ: 3]
The unbelievers say: ‘Never shall the Last Hour come upon us!’ Say: ‘Yes, by my Lord, it shall most certainly come to you. It is He who knows all that lies beyond the reach of human perception. Not an atom’s weight in the heavens or the earth escapes Him; nor is there anything smaller or larger but is recorded in a clear book, (3)
لِيَجْزِيَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُم مَّغْفِرَةٌ وَرِزْقٌ كَرِيمٌ ۚ (4)
so that He may reward those who believe and do righteous deeds. It is they who shall have forgiveness and generous provisions.’ (4)
وَالَّذِينَ سَعَوْا فِي آيَاتِنَا مُعَاجِزِينَ أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مِّنْ رِّجْزٍ أَلِيمٌ (5)
As for those who strive against Our revelations, seeking to defeat their purpose, these shall have a most painful suffering. (5)
وَيَرَى الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ أَنَّ مَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَيَهْدِي إِلَىٰ صِرَاطِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ (٦)
Those who are endowed with knowledge are well aware that what has been revealed to you by your Lord is indeed the truth, and that it guides to the way that leads to the Almighty, to whom all praise is due. (6)
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا: هَلْ نَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَىٰ رَجُلٍ يُنَبِّئُكُمْ إِذَا مُزِّقْتُمْ كُلَّ مُمَزَّقٍ إِنَّكُمْ لَفِي خَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ؟ (٧)
The unbelievers say: ‘Shall we point out to you a man who will tell you that, when you have been utterly torn into pieces, you shall be restored to life in a new act of creation? (7)
أَمِ افْتَرَىٰ عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا أَمْ بِهِ جِنَّةٌ ۚ بَلِ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ فِي الْعَذَابِ وَالضَّلَالِ الْبَعِيدِ (٨)
Has he invented a lie about God, or is he a madman?’ No! It is those who do not believe in the life to come who are suffering torment as they have gone far in error. (8)
أَوَلَمْ يَنظُرُوا إِلَى مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِم وَمَا خَلْفَهُم مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ إِن نَّشَأْ نَخْسِفْ بِهِمُ الْأَرْضَ أَوْ نُسْقِطْ عَلَيْهِمْ كِسَفًا مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَةً لِّكُلِّ عَبْدٍ مُّنِيبٍ
Do they not consider how much of the sky and the earth lies open before them and how much lies hidden from them? If We so willed, We could cause the earth to swallow them, or cause fragments of the sky to fall upon them. In all this, there is a sign for every servant of God turning to Him in repentance. (9)
الحمد لله
Where Praise Is Due
تُفتتح هذه السورة، التي تتحدث بإسهاب عن المشركين الذين أشركوا بالله، وكذّبوا رسولَه، وشكّكوا في الآخرة، وأنكروا فكرة البعث، بحمد الله. فالحمد كله له لكونه إلهاً، وإن لم ينطق أي إنسان بكلمة حمد موجّهة إليه. وهو محمود من الكون وكل المخلوقات، وإن اتخذ بعض البشر موقفاً مغايراً.
This sūrah, which speaks at length about the idolaters who associated partners with God, denied His Messenger, doubted the hereafter and dismissed the idea of resurrection, begins with praising God. All praise is due to Him for being God, even though no human being utters a word of praise addressed to Him. He is praised by the universe and all creation, even though some human beings take a different attitude.
مع ذلك، فإن صفة الله بأنه المالك المتصرف في الكون تلازمها. لا يملك أحد أي نصيب من السماوات أو الأرض، فهو وحده المالك لكل ما فيهما. وهذا هو المحور الأساسي للإيمان: توحيد الله.
Coupled with this is God’s attribute of being the Sovereign of the universe. No one has any portion of heaven or earth: He alone owns all there is. This is the central issue of faith: God’s oneness.
﴿وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ﴾ (الآية 1). جميع الحمد الذي يقدمه جميع عباده، بما فيهم من كفروا به في هذه الحياة الدنيا أو أشركوا به بسبب ضلالهم، سيجتمع في الآخرة ويُوجَّه كله وخالصًا له وحده. ﴿وَهُوَ الْحَكِيمُ الْخَبِيرُ﴾ (الآية 1).
“To Him will be due all praise in the life to come.” (Verse 1) All the praise offered by all His servants, including those who disbelieved in Him in this life or associated partners with Him as a result of being led astray, will converge in the life to come and be addressed totally and purely to Him. “He is truly Wise, All-Aware.” (Verse 1)
كُلُّ ما يَفْعَلُهُ مَبْنِيٌّ على الحِكْمَةِ. فإنَّهُ يُدَبِّرُ شُؤُونَ هذِهِ الدُّنْيا والآخِرَةِ، وشُؤُونَ الكَوْنِ كُلِّهِ، بِحِكْمَةٍ تامَّةٍ. وفوقَ ذلكَ هُوَ عالِمٌ بِكُلِّ ما يَجْرِي، وعِلْمُهُ شامِلٌ دَقِيقٌ مُطْلَقٌ.
Whatever He does is based on wisdom. Indeed, He conducts the affairs of this life and the Next, and the affairs of the entire universe in perfect wisdom. Moreover, He is aware of everything that takes place, and His knowledge is full, accurate and absolute.
تُعطينا السورةُ تصوُّرًا لعلم الله، يُرسَم على خلفية السماء والأرض: «يَعْلَمُ مَا يَلِجُ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا وَمَا يَنْزِلُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ وَمَا يَعْرُجُ فِيهَا» (الآية 2). وهذه صورةٌ واسعةٌ رُسمت بكلماتٍ قليلةٍ بسيطة، تُصوِّر كثرةً مدهشةً من الأشياء والحركات والأحجام والأشكال والصور والمعاني التي تتجاوز كلَّ تخيُّل. ولو أنّ أهلَ الأرض جميعًا قضوا أعمارهم كلَّها يراقبون ويسجّلون ما يجري في لحظةٍ واحدةٍ من هذه الأشياء المذكورة في الآية، لما استطاعوا ذلك. كم من الأشياء تلِجُ في الأرض في مثل تلك اللحظة؟ وكم منها يخرج منها؟ وكم منها ينزل من السماء أو يعرج إليها؟
لماذا يوم القيامة؟
Why A Judgement Day?
مجيءُ الساعةِ الحتميُّ وعلمُ اللهِ الذي لا يغيبُ عنه شيءٌ صغيرٌ ولا كبيرٌ لهما غايةٌ محددةٌ: «لِيَجْزِيَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُم مَّغْفِرَةٌ وَرِزْقٌ كَرِيمٌ ۔ وَالَّذِينَ سَعَوْا فِي آيَاتِنَا مُعَاجِزِينَ أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مِّنْ رِّجْزٍ أَلِيمٌ» (الآيتان ٤-٥). وكلُّ ذلك قائمٌ على حكمةِ اللهِ الذي خلقَ كلَّ شيءٍ بقدرٍ معلومٍ، ليُوقِعَ الجزاءَ الصحيحَ على المؤمنينَ، وعلى الذين يبذلون كلَّ جهدهم لصرفِ الناسِ عن الحق. فالذين يُصدِّقون إيمانهم بالأعمالِ الصالحةِ يَنالون مغفرةَ اللهِ لِما يقعُ منهم من أخطاءٍ أو ذنوبٍ، ولهم «رزقٌ كريمٌ». ولاحظْ أنّ السورةَ كثيرًا ما تذكرُ الأرزاقَ والأقواتَ التي يمنحُها اللهُ، ولذلك يَحسُنُ أن يُوصَفَ هنا ما وُعِدوا به من سعادةٍ في الآخرةِ بأنه «رزقٌ»، وهو في الحقيقةِ كذلك. أما الآخرون، الذين يجتهدون في صرفِ الناسِ عن اللهِ ورسالتِه، فسيَنالون نوعًا من أسوأ أنواعِ العذابِ يناسبُ سعيَهم الخبيثَ. وبذلك يتحققُ مرادُ اللهِ.
The inevitable arrival of the Last Hour and God’s knowledge that does not exclude anything small or large have a definite purpose: “so that He may reward those who believe and do righteous deeds. It is they who shall have forgiveness and generous provisions. As for those who strive against Our revelations, seeking to defeat their purpose, these shall have a most painful suffering.” (Verses 4-5) Everything is based on God’s wisdom who has created everything according to a set measure so as to administer the right reward or punishment for the believers or those who exert all efforts to turn people away from the truth. Those who give credence to their faith by good actions earn God’s forgiveness of any errors they make or sins they commit. They also have ‘generous provisions’ We note that the sūrah frequently mentions the provisions and sustenance God grants. Hence, it is fitting that the happiness they are assured to have in the life to come is described here as ‘provisions’, which in fact it is. The others, who strive hard to turn people away from God and His message will receive some of the worst type of punishment which fits their wicked efforts. Thus is God’s purpose fulfilled.
ضمن سياق علم الله وحكمته، يُبيِّن البيانُ التالي أنَّ أولي العلم يدركون أنَّ ما يتلقاه النبيُّ محمدٌ ﷺ من الله هو الحقُّ، وأنَّه يهدي إلى الصراط المستقيم.
Within the overall context of God’s knowledge and His purpose the next statement makes clear that those endowed with knowledge realize that what the Prophet Muĥammad receives from God is the truth, providing sound guidance:
﴿وَيَرَى الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ الَّذِي أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ هُوَ الْحَقَّ وَيَهْدِي إِلَىٰ صِرَاطِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ﴾ (٦)
“Those who are endowed with knowledge are well aware that what has been revealed to you by your Lord is indeed the truth, and that it guides to the way that leads to the Almighty, to whom all praise is due.” (Verse 6)